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100
Aryans
developed a new civilization in modern day indoa, located in the Ganges plain and the indus river valley, loose organization into tribes of nomadic herders, each tribe was led by rajah = chief, cattle were the basis of their diet and economy -
127
Kublai khan
mongols ruler of the yuan dynasty, they improved roads and built canals. they also lowed some taxes, supported scholars & artists. Limited the dept penalty and torture, they also supported peasant agriculture. -
460
the song dynasty
both used the same state structure, centralized government. it had 6 major departments which were personal, finance, rites, army, justice and public works. censor ate agency that watched over the rest of government to make sure everything ran smoothly. -
500
china after Han dynasty
political disunity following the collapse of the han dynasty. during this time, many chinese people began to migrate south. partly a natural migration and partly due to the nomads from north creeping in resulted by 1000 ce, about 60% of china population was in southern china as they brought their intense agriculture with them -
500
Eurasian culture tradition
Chaos, growing violence, disharmony and disunity. This was the age of warring state, these issue led many to find solutions to china’s problem -
500
The legalism answer
The founder of legalism is Han fei. Legalism viewed humans as inherently stupid and immoral. Legalistic believed in rules and laws that were strict, clearly, spelled out, and enforced through a system of rewards and punishments. Legalism is used by Emperor Qin Shijiazhuang during Qin dynasty. -
500
The Daoist
The founder is laoz, focus of Daoism is living in harmony with nature. Urges withdrawal from society and entrance into a world of nature. Universal force that guides all things. -
539
exile and return
2 kingdoms were to weak to resist invaders, Israelite were enslaved and exiled to Babylon, during this time the Jews had no temple so they met on the holy day of rest together for study and power -
586
Judaism & the empire
Jews recorded their history & examined if for meaning, prophets recorded their Technics, Jewish religious beliefs & principle helped shape Christianity in the future. they hoped a messiah is deliverer chosen by god would help them regain their freedom. Augustus turned kingdom of Judah into roman province of Judea -
589
the reunification of china
china regained its unity under the Sui dynasty. reunified china with construction of the grand canal trade. short lived dynasty, ruthless emperors. -
Period: Jan 1, 600 to Dec 31, 1450
Post Classical Era
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Nov 6, 600
Hinduism
Origins in the religious beliefs of the Aryan peoples, early Hindus believed in one force in the universe called Brahman. Man’s job to seek ultimate reality, once done the self spirt or soul would merge with Brahman. Reincarnation is the belief that the individual soul is reborn in a different form after death. -
Jan 1, 610
Start of Islam
Muhammad receives his revelation from Allah -
Period: Jan 1, 618 to Dec 31, 907
Tang dynasty in china
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Nov 6, 700
foot binding
began between the ages of 4-7, involved the tight wrapping of the young girl feet, broke the bones and cause intense pain, goal is to make the feet small and delicate, sign of women beauty. kept the women at home and began with just elite women, but soon became a common practice with all classes -
Jan 1, 1000
the golden age of china
focus on arts and literature, excellence in poetry, landscape paintings,& ceramics. Neo Confucianism revival of Confucianism mixed with Buddhist and Daoist elements -
Jan 1, 1000
Chinese economy
more factories and workshops,less nomadic products, workshops and factories run by men, factories now used to produce silk and other textiles, takes this job away from women -
Nov 6, 1000
The economic revolution of china
advancements in agriculture . most important = adoption of a fast ripening & drought resistant. strain of rice from Vietnam. the result was rapid population growth. jumped to 120 million people by 1200 ce -
Nov 7, 1000
the urbanization of china
many people began to move to cities, dozens of Chinese cities numbered over 100,000 people. capital of song dynasty is Hangzhou, had over 1 million people. -
Nov 8, 1000
Chinese industrial production
iron industrial boomed, used to make suits of armor, arrowheads, coins, tools, bells in Buddhist, monasteries. -
Nov 9, 1000
Chinese innovation
word block & movable type--> led to the first printed books, larger ships & magnetic compass and gunpowder -
Jan 1, 1046
early china
4th civilization on the rise is yellow river valley in china, oldest continuous civilization in the world. 1/3 mountains , vast desert-Gobi desert, these factors isolated china from other early civilization . prevented culture diffusion and promoted strong sense of national identity -
Period: Jan 1, 1095 to Dec 31, 1291
The Crusades
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Jul 15, 1099
Christians take the city of Jerusalem
During first Crusade, Christians forces from Europe take control of the city of Jerusalem from Muslim forces. -
Jan 1, 1122
Shang dynasty
1st dynasty line of rulers who belong to the same family from which there are written records in china, kings were also high priest, performed special ceremonies for good weather, and crops. They had special powers to call upon their ancestors. -
Jan 1, 1130
women in the song dynasty
Chinese women had been enjoying a looser patriarchal system, with song dynasty = major revival of Confucianism belief in female subordination -
Jan 1, 1162
the mongols empire as a Eurasian network
towards a world economy, mongols did not make or trade anything themselves, but they did promote international commerce by maintaining secure trade network. done so that they could tax goods and extract wealth from larger civilization. -
Jan 1, 1206
mongols bring mongols
many still lived, ate, slept, and gave birth in yurts, they put up everywhere. planted steppe grass within the capital and let animals roam freely. Didn't learn Chinese, mongols women never adopted foot binding. -
Jan 1, 1206
Persian and mongols
many mongols in Persia were heavily influenced by the Persians there. adopted Islam and left government operation in Persian hands. the mongols learned Persian, some turned to farming and abandoned nomadic ways and some married local people -
Jan 1, 1209
china and mongols
most difficult and lengthy conquest for the mongols, took 70 years to conquer. violently conquered northern china --> then controlled by various nomadic states. More peacefully conquered southern china --> then controlled by the song dynasty. -
Jan 1, 1331
the plague
originated in central Asia, spread across trade routes of the mongols empire. Carried by rodents and transmitted to humans by fleas. -
Jan 1, 1406
the exodus of Egypt
prophets Moses led the Israelite out of Egypt to the Sinai desert in a mass exodus is departure. during the journey, god gave Moses the 10 commandments. exodus story retold by Jewish people at Passover every year settling the land. Moses died before arrival at Canaan--> successor, Joshua led Israelite -
Jan 1, 1421
nomadic point of view
nomads thought the Chinese were a threat, built the great the wall to keep them out, directed their military towards them occasionally, made trading more difficult than it had to be in reality the Chinese needed the nomads, needed horses for their military, needed other goods like; furs, hides,ambit -
diplomacy on a Eurasian scale
in addition to facilitating long distance trade, the mongols also promoted diplomatic relationships throughout Eurasia. closest relationship between the courts of china and Persia. regularly exchange ambassador, shared intelligence information. they fostered trade between their regions -
Russian and Mongols
heavy devastation to Russia --> perhaps more than in Persia. mongols conquest of Russia, called the "khante of the golden horde". mongols defeated the Russians, but did not occupy Russia, but they had a little to offer and less developed economy. not located along any major trade routes.