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Period: 224 to Apr 8, 651
Sasanid Empire
The last pre-Islmaic Persian Empire. Recongized as one of the two main powers in Western Asia and Europe during that period. -
Period: 250 to
Maya Civilization
Mesoamerican civilization concentrated in Mexico’s Yucatán Peninsula and in Guatemala and Honduras but never unified into a single empire. Major contributions were in mathematics, astronomy, and development of the calendar. -
Period: 306 to Apr 8, 1453
Constantinople
Very Rich city for the Turks. Becomes Instanbul after its fall. -
Period: 330 to Apr 8, 1453
Byzantine Empire
Eastern part of the Roman Empire after collapse of Western Roman Empire. Capital at Constantinople. At end, most began part of the Ottoman Empire. -
Apr 8, 610
Foundation of Islam
Established in 1973 in the city of Leicester, is a centre for education, training, research and publication of issues related to Islam. The Foundation seeks to build bridges between Muslims and others. The organisation was founded by Khurshid Ahmad. -
Apr 8, 632
Split of Islam
Occurred in the decades immediately following the death of the Prophet. Split occurred because of the religion conflict going on in Islam. Sunnis: consider the caliphs to be Imams. Shi'ite: regards Ali and his descendants as the legitimate successors to Muhammad and rejects the first three caliphs. -
Period: Apr 8, 661 to Apr 8, 750
Umayyad Caliphate
Period in which Muslims take control of Spain and advance to India, but fail to take Constantinople in two attacks. -
Period: Apr 8, 711 to Apr 8, 1492
Muslim conquer Spain
Islamic Ummayad Caliphate's conquest of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain). Took control of most of Spain and some of France. -
Period: Apr 8, 742 to
Charlemagne
King of the Franks then Emporer of the Romans.Carolingians Renaissaince throught the Catholic Church.Father of Europe. -
Period: Apr 8, 750 to Apr 8, 1258
Abbasid Caliphate
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Period: Apr 8, 1071 to Apr 8, 1194
Seljuk Turks
Adopted the Mohammedan region, formed Seljuk Empire. Defeated Byzantine emperor at the Battle of Manzikert, and captured Jerusalem, which led to the First Crusade. Overthrown by Othman, who later formed the Ottoman Empire. -
Period: Apr 8, 1095 to Apr 8, 1291
Crusades
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Period: Apr 8, 1138 to Mar 4, 1193
Saladin
Saladin was the nephew of the Kurdish commander. Saladin took advantage of Nur al-Din's death to seize power and unify Syria and Egypt. Saladin recaptured Jerusalmen in 1250. His dynasty fell when Turkish Mamluks seized control of the government. -
Period: Apr 8, 1200 to Apr 8, 1573
Inca Civilization
Civilization known for human sacrifice to the Sun god. They methodically expanded isolated agriculture and metalurgy. -
Period: Apr 8, 1206 to Apr 8, 1324
Mongol Invasion
Covered most of Asia and Eastern Europe by 1300. Started by Genghis Khan started it. His descendants continued the conquests. Conquered by large-scale slaughter--this created fear. -
Period: Apr 8, 1206 to Apr 8, 1227
Genghis Khan
Warrior for the Mogols. -
Period: Apr 8, 1206 to Apr 8, 1527
Delhu Sultanate
Five short-lived Islamic kingdoms. Replaced by Mughal dynasty. Defeated Mongols so saved India from invasion. Indian cultural renaissance. -
Apr 8, 1215
Magna Carta
The Magna Carta was a charter that parliament forced King John to sign giving the english people rights. Some of the beliefs from the Charter are found in the Constitution for example; trial by jury, due process, and the security clause. -
Period: Apr 8, 1230 to
Mali Kingdom
One of the Sudanic Kingdoms in Africa. -
Period: Apr 8, 1300 to
Renaissance
Time of major rebirth for Europeans. Based in Italy and spread across the region with thoughts of renewal and a new beginning. -
Period: Apr 8, 1312 to Apr 8, 1337
Mansa Musa
Tenth king (or mansa) of the Mali Empire. He was also quite wealthy. His pilgrimage through Egypt to Mecca established the empire's reputation for wealth. -
Period: Apr 8, 1336 to Feb 18, 1405
Timur
Founder of Mughal Dynasty. Wanted to restore Mongol Empire. Very destructive campaigns. -
Period: Apr 8, 1337 to Apr 8, 1453
Hundred Years War
A series of wars between two houses, the House of Valois and the House of Plantagenet (Anjou), for the French thrown. The House of Valois won. -
Period: Apr 8, 1340 to
Songhai Kingdom
One of the largest Islamic empires in history. Was part of Mali Empire but broke away. Was a monarchy. -
Period: Apr 8, 1368 to
Ming Empire
Last ethnic Hans to rule China.Restore Grand Canal, Great Wall, and founded the forbidden city in Beijing. Traded with many other dynasties. -
Period: Apr 8, 1371 to Apr 8, 1435
Zheng He
Mariner, explorer, diplomat, and admiral of China.Commanded voyages and discovered many new ideas from other lands.His findings were later burned and destroyed by government. -
Period: Jan 22, 1440 to Oct 22, 1505
Ivan III of Russia
Known as Ivan the Great, was a Grand Prince of Moscow and "Grand Prince of all Rus". Tripled the territory of his state, ended the dominance of the Golden Horde over the Rus, renovated the Moscow Kremlin, and laid the foundations of the Russian state. He was one of the longest-reigning Russian rulers in history. -
Apr 8, 1440
Gutenberg Press
The Gutenberg Press (Printing Press) was invented by Johannes Gutenberg of the Holy Roman Empire in the year 1440. The Mechanism is used as an ink press, hence the name, that stencils words onto any desired form of medium. This breakthrough sparked a big interest in the purchasing of books for the common european during the Renaissance. The Printing Press revolutionized books and documents that before the press were hand-copied inneficiently. -
Establishment of the Holy Roman Empire
Was a realm that existed for about a millennium in Central Europe, ruled by a Holy Roman Emperor. Its character changed during the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, when the power of the emperor gradually weakened in favour of the princes. In its last centuries, its character became quite close to a union of territories. -
Period: to
Sui Empire
The empire was founded by Emeperor Wen of Sui, and during his reign Southern and Northern China were reunified and the construction of the Grand Canal. -
Period: to
Tang Empire
Preceded by the Sui Dynasty, the Tang was cosmopolitan. During the Tang Empire culture matured and flourished. -
Period: to
Mamluks
Under the Islamic system of military slavery,Turkic military slaves who formed an important part of the armed forces of the Abbasid Caliphate of the ninth and tenth centuries. Mamluks eventually founded their own state, ruling Egypt and Syria (1250–1517). -
Period: to Apr 8, 1349
Kievan Russia
Old state of Russia. Slavics and Scandinavians.Fell due to internal princley family struggle, fall of Byzantine, and Mongol invasion. -
Period: to Apr 8, 1519
Aztec Civilization
Mexican based classical civilization that used agriculture as a base and anchor for its existance. -
Period: to Apr 8, 1279
Song Empire
Monarchy First government to issue banknotes and first to establish a permanent standing navy. First use of gunpowder and compass.Diveded into two distinct periods: the Northen Song and Southern Song. The Northern controlled most of inner China and the Southern was after the Song lost control of northern China to the Jin Dynasty. The Southern Song Empire contained 60% of China's population and a majority of the most productive agricultural land.