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THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was a major war of the American Revolution. -
THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
By issuing the Declaration of Independence, adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, the 13 American colonies severed their political connections to Great Britain. The Declaration summarized the colonists' motivations for seeking independence. -
FRENCH REVOLUTION
The French Revolution was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. -
FIRST TRADE UNIONS
The formation of the Federal Society of Journeymen Cordwainers (shoemakers) in Philadelphia in 1794 marks the beginning of sustained trade union organization among American workers. -
NAPOLEON EMPIRE
On 18 May 1804, Napoleon was granted the title Emperor of the French by the French Sénat conservateur and was crowned on 2 December 1804, signifying the end of the French Consulate and of the French First Republic. -
SPANISH AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE
The Spanish American wars of independence (25 September 1808 – 29 September 1833; Spanish: Guerras de independencia hispanoamericanas) were numerous wars in Spanish America with the aim of political independence from Spanish rule during the early 19th century. -
LUDDITE
The Luddites were a secret oath-based organisation of English textile workers in the 19th century who formed a radical faction which destroyed textile machinery. -
THE CONSTITUTION OF CADIZ
The Political Constitution of the Spanish Monarchy (Spanish: Constitución Política de la Monarquía Española), also known as the Constitution of Cádiz -
FERDINAND VII
Ferdinand VII (Spanish: Fernando VII; 14 October 1784 – 29 September 1833) was a King of Spain during the early 19th century. He reigned briefly in 1808 and then again from 1813 to his death in 1833. -
CONGRESS OF VIENA
It began in September 1814, five months after Napoleon I's first abdication and completed its “Final Act” in June 1815, shortly before the Waterloo campaign and the final defeat of Napoleon. -
1820 REVOLUTION
It was the first revolutionary cycle that happened in Europe -
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Great Britain, continental Europe, and the United States, that occurred during the period from around 1760 to about 1820–1840. -
LIBERAL TRIENNIUM
The Liberal Triennium or Constitutional Triennium is the period in the contemporary history of Spain that takes place between 1820 and 1823 -
STEPHENSON´S ROCKET
Stephenson's Rocket is an early steam locomotive of 0-2-2 wheel arrangement. It was built for and won the Rainhill Trials of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway -
1830 REVOLUTION
The French Revolution of 1830, also known as the July Revolution was a second French Revolution after the first in 1789. -
WATT´S STEAM ENGINE
The Watt steam engine design became synonymous with steam engines, and it was many years before significantly new designs began to replace the basic Watt design. -
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ISABELLA II
Isabella II (Spanish: Isabel II; 10 October 1830 – 9 April 1904), was Queen of Spain from 29 September 1833 until 30 September 1868. -
1848 REVOLUTION
The Revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the Springtime of the Peoples[2] or the Springtime of Nations, were a series of political upheavals throughout Europe starting in 1848. -
COMUNIST MANIFESTO
The Communist Manifesto, originally the Manifesto of the Communist Party (German: Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei), is a political pamphlet written by German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Commissioned by the Communist League and originally published in London in 1848, the Manifesto remains one of the world's most influential political documents. It presents an analytical approach to class struggle and criticizes capitalism and the capitalist mode of production, -
UNIFICATION OF ITALY
The unification of Italy, was the 19th-century political and social movement that resulted in the consolidation of different states of the Italian Peninsula into a single state in 1861. -
FIRST INTERNATIONAL
The International Workingmen's Association (IWA), often called the First International (1864–1876), was an international organisation which aimed at uniting a variety of different left-wing socialist, communist and anarchist groups and trade unions that were based on the working class and class struggle. It was founded in 1864 in a workmen's meeting held in St. Martin's Hall, London. Its first congress was held in 1866 in Geneva. -
GERMAN UNIFICATION
The unification of Germany into the German Empire, a Prussian-dominated nation state with federal features,officially occurred on 18 January 1871 at the Palace of Versailles in France. -
FIRST SPANISH REPUBLIC
The Spanish Republic (Spanish: República Española), historiographically referred to as the First Spanish Republic, was the political regime that existed in Spain from 11 February 1873 to 29 December 1874. -
BOURBON RESTORATION
The Restoration (Spanish: Restauración), or Bourbon Restoration (Spanish: Restauración borbónica), is the name given to the period that began on 29 December 1874—after a coup d'état by General Arsenio Martínez Campos ended the First Spanish Republic and restored the monarchy under Alfonso XII -
BLOODY SUNDAY
Bloody Sunday, Russian Krovavoye Voskresenye, (January 9 , 1905), massacre in St. Petersburg, Russia, of peaceful demonstrators marking the beginning of the violent phase of the Russian Revolution of 1905. -
BALKAN WARS
The Balkan Wars refers to a series of two conflicts that took place in the Balkan states in 1912 and 1913. In the First Balkan War, the four Balkan states of Greece, Serbia, Montenegro and Bulgaria declared war upon the Ottoman Empire and defeated it -
FEBRUARY REVOLUTION
The February Revolution , known in Soviet historiography as the February Bourgeois Democratic Revolution -
OCTOBER REVOLUTION
The October Revolution, officially known as the Great October Socialist Revolution in the former Soviet Union, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution,was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin -
FIRST WORLD WAR
World War I or the First World War, (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. It was fought between two coalitions, the Allies (primarily France, the United Kingdom, Russia, Italy, Japan and the United States) and the Central Powers (led by Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire). -
TREATY OF BREST
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (also known as the Treaty of Brest in Russia) was a separate peace treaty signed on 3 March 1918 between Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire) -
TREATY OF VERSAILLES
The Treaty of Versailles[4] was a peace treaty signed on 28 June 1919. As the most important treaty of World War I, it ended the state of war between Germany and most of the Allied Powers. -
LEAGUE OF NATIONS
The League of Nations was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace.