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Civil disobedience
the active, professed refusal to obey certain laws, demands, and commands of a government, or of an occupying international power. -
sharecropping/ tenant farming
sharecropping is when a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land.
tenant farming is when landowners contribute their land and often a measure of operating capital and management -
black codes
These laws had the intent of restricting African Americans' freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt. -
13th amendment
Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. -
14th amendment
granted citizenship to “all persons born or naturalized in the United States,” which included former slaves recently freed.
no state shall deny to any person... equal protection of the law -
15th amendment
granted African American men the right to vote -
Jim Crow Laws
laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States. -
lynching
to kill someone by hanging them, for an alleged offence with or without a legal trial. -
plessy v. ferguson
A Louisiana statute required railroad companies to provide separate, but equal accommodations for its Black and White passengers. The Plaintiff, Plessy was prosecuted under the statute after he refused to leave the section of a train reserved for whites. -
19th amendment
guarantees all American women the right to vote.
several generations of woman suffrage supporters lectured, wrote, marched, lobbied, and practiced civil disobedience to achieve what many Americans considered a radical change of the Constitution. -
20th amendment
sets the dates at which federal United States government elected offices end. -
federal housing authority
It sets standards for construction and underwriting and insures loans made by banks and other private lenders for home building. -
Hector P. Garcia
became known as the "doctor to the barrios," offering low- and no-cost treatment to impoverished patients.In 1948, he founded the American GI Forum, organizing veterans to fight for educational and medical benefits, and later, against poll taxes and school segregation. A proud member of the Greatest Generation -
desegregation
ending the seperation of races. -
Nonviolent protest
protests with no violent. -
brown v. ferguson
the case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. -
rosa parks
refused to get up from her seat on a segregated bus and was arrested. was a member of the NAACP and worked closely with martin luther king jr in the montgomery bus boycotts. -
montgomery bus boycott
African Americans refused to ride city buses in Montgomery, Alabama, to protest segregated seating. this is when Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white man. -
orval faubus
best known for his stand in the desegregation of little rock highschool where he ordered Arkansas National Guard to stop african american students from entering the school. -
civil rights act of 1957
1st civil rights legislation since recontruction.
protected voting rights.
established federal civil rights commission. -
sit-ins
4 university students who sat at a "whites only" counter and were refused service, they refused to leave until the store closed. in a matter of days the protest went from 4 students to over 300 and caused the restaurant owner to lose $200,00. some sit-ins recieved violent reactions from segregationist. -
George Wallace
Governor of Alabama; ran for U.S. president 4 times.
pro-segregationist.
"i say segregation today, segregation tomorrow and segregation forever." -
affirmative actions
steps taken to increase the representaion of women and minorities in areas of employment education and businesses from which they had been historically excluded. -
cesar chavez
Cesar Chavez was an American farm worker, labor leader and civil rights activist, who, with Dolores Huerta, co-founded the National Farm Workers Association -
martin luther king jr
leader of civil rights movement
advocated non-violent civil disobedience and demanded equal rights for blacks inluding desegregation in all public facilities and life.
was arrested for protesting and was assasinated in 1968 by james earl ray- his death sparked race riots all over america. -
24th amendment
prohibits any poll tax in elections for federal officials. -
civil rights act of 1964
abolsihed racial, religious, and sex discrimination by employers.
coould not be denied hire or fire for any above reasons.
ended unfair voting requirements. -
head start
promotes school readiness of children under 5 from low-income families through education, health, social and other services. -
betty friedan
Writer, feminist and women's rights activist Betty Friedan wrote The Feminine Mystique (1963) and co-founded the National Organization for Women. -
Lester Maddox
Governor of Georgia; former restaurant owner who refused to serve blacks. he was a segregationist, however he oversaw many improvements to black employment rights as governor. -
26th amenment
changed a portion of the 14th amendment.
The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age. (right to vote at age 18) -
Title IX (9)
is a comprehensive federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in any federally funded education program or activity. -
upward bound
a national program that more than doubles the chances of low-income, first-generation students graduating from college so they can escape poverty and enter the middle class. -
thurgood marshall
1st american supreme court justice. worked for the NAACP amd established a record for supporting the voiceless american.
