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Mar 26, 1444
AI: Middle Passage
The Middle Passage was the time at which African American slaves were kidnapped and sold to landowners in Europe. It was originally theorised for African Americans to be slaves in 1409, but was only executed by early 1444. -
AI: Founding of Jamestown
The city of Jamestown was developed in 1607 as the first American colony. It was picked because the surrounding land qualified for all criteria that the Virginia Company, its funder, said to follow. It is surrounded by water on all sides. This meant it was easy to defend against Spanish soldiers. -
AI: Mayflower Compact
The Mayflower Compact was the first framework of government in the new land, America. It was signed by 41 colonists who all pledged for the continuation of the United States. -
AI: Establishment of Massachusetts Bay Colony
Settled in 1630, the Bay Colony of Massachusetts was established by Puritan refugees from England. After gaining permission from King Charles I, the Massachusetts Bay Company began to expand trade routes between the Charles and Merrimack rivers. Similar to the grant by the Virginia Company in 1609, the patentees were given shareholder properties. However through a shrewd and barely legal move, they obtained almost all governmental freedom, and soon became their own colony. -
PP: Abolitionist Movement
The Abolitionist Movement was a progression towards the abolishment of slavery in America. Originally starting in the 18th century, abolition was instituted by the government through concerned citizens being political participants and was eventually passed in many northern states, but ultimately caused a Civil War between the two sides. -
AI: 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments
the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments were the first to be added in 60 years. These amendments ensured the equality for recently emancipated slaves. -
AI: Declaration of Independence
The signing of the Declaration of Independence was the most influential event in American history. It marked the point at which we finalised our decision to split away from England. -
AI: Ratification of Constitution
The ratification of the Constitution was the exact point when all American citizens were granted rights that they were allowed. Many states ratified it almost instantly, but some areas, like Rhode Island refused until 1788, when they finally agreed. -
AI: George Washington's Presidency
George Washington was the most beneficial general in the Revolutionary War. Once we gained independence from Great Britain, many colonists who were previously soldiers wanted to nominate George Washington for the role. With almost no opposition, Washington won the role of presidency. After a term of 4 years, he was quickly reelected. After another term, he no longer wanted to "run" the country, and handed off power to the next president elect, John Adams. -
PP: Second Great Awakening
The Second Great Awakening was a time of religious revival of the Protestant culture in the US during the 19th century. This event is significant to the theme of political participation because people during this time were pushing the Protestant ideology through political means. -
PP: The Second Great Awakening
The Second Great Awakening was a time of religious revival of the Protestant culture in the US during the 19th century. This event is significant to the theme of political participation because people during this time were pushing the Protestant ideology through political means. -
AI: Louisiana Purchase
The Louisiana Purchase was a deal between French and American forces over a piece of land which was soon to become Louisiana. For 827,000 square miles of land, it was purchased for only $15 million dollars. As the United States' expedition moved further and further west, navigation of the Mississippi river was crucial for town building. -
AI: Americanization Movement
The Americanization movement was a time when immigrants left their homelands to go to America. These immigrants hoped to find new jobs, new homes, and new lives in the new land. These people were prominently from the British Isles, but after the 1820s, because diversifying. -
AI: Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny was the time at which the Lewis and Clark expedition first started. It originated in the 1840's but first started in 1845. This "destiny" was to expand American land and hopefully get to the other side of the continental United States. The specific phrase Manifest Destiny was first uttered by John O'Sullivan, in an issue of United States Magazine and Democratic Review. -
PP: Seneca Falls Convention
The Seneca Falls Convention was the first women’s rights meeting. Here, Elizabeth Stanton wrote a “Declaration of Sentiments” which listed sentiments that would be true. The most important of these was the idea that men and women are equal. This shows political participation because, at the time, women weren’t allowed to vote, but still took steps politically to further women’s rights. -
PP: Freedman's Bureau
The Freedmen’s Bureau was an agency helping commonfolk by giving them provisions, clothes, and fuel. It was initiated by then-President Abraham Lincoln and was an important part of the early Reconstruction era. It showed political participation by the people petitioning and writing legislature to help the poor and impoverished. -
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PP: Knights of Labour
The Knights of Labour was an organisation working politically to better worker’s conditions, similar to that of a labor union. It originally started as a secret society containing many elaborate rituals, but soon became a public defender for workers, amassing many followers, 20% of them being women and black workers. The Knights of Labour fought politically to improve and increase workers’ rights. -
AI: Chinese Exclusion Act
The Chinese Exclusion Act provided an absolute moratorium on Chinese labor immigration for 10 years. This was one of the first laws passed to restrict immigrants. -
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PP: Gospel of Wealth
The Gospel of Wealth was a progressive article written by Andrew Carnegie, stating that the preservation of the human race should be the responsibility of upper class rich people. This plan’s strategy was to redistribute wealth to the needy in a meaningful manner. This political participation was used to improve the quality of life for everyone. Andrew Carnegie published his controversial political views to the North American view in 1880, but was later received in the Pall Mall Gazette. -
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PP: 18th Amendment
The 18th Amendment, dubbed the Prohibition Amendment, made all business transactions involving alcohol illegal. No one in the United States was allowed to make, sell, or drink any form of alcohol from January 16th, 1919, to its date of repealment, December 5th, 1933, nearly 14 years later. The 18th Amendment was pushed into ratification by three large Christian groups, the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, Anti-Saloon League and the Prohibition Party. -
PP: Progressive Era
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AI: Emergency Quota Act
The Emergency Quota Act, known as the Emergency Immigration Act of 1921, restricted the immigration of foreigners into the United States. Originally, it was intended to be a temporary implementation. However, it added two new features that "proved in the long run the most important turning-point in American immigration policy." These new immigration limits became the National Origins Formula. -
AI: Filipino Repatriation Program
The Filipino Repatriation Program gave Filipino American citizens subsidized passage back to the philippines if they wanted. It was enacted in 1935. Although only allowing passage for single adults one-way, it was very opportunistic. Some grants of passage came from private organisations, whereas many came from government sponsors. -
AI: Bracero Program
The Bracero Program was a series of laws and regulations based on the Mexican Farm Labor Agreement signed by both the United States and Mexico. This contract allowed workers from Guam to be shipped to the US. These farmhands would be clothed, fed, housed, and given a salary of 30¢ an hour. This treaty was later extended in 1951 with the Migrant Labor Agreements of 1951. This later addition set rules of the treaty until 1964, when it was eventually terminated. -
AI: Immigration Act of 1965
The Immigration Act, also known as the hart-Celler Act, abolished the previous quota system, that was based on national origin, and implemented a new system, instead based on reuniting foreign immigrant families and allowing skilled tradesmen to enter the United States. -
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AI: September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks
The 9/11 attacks occurred in New York. A previously overlooked terrorist group hijacked and flew two planes into the twin Trade Centers, which were a symbol of business and capitalism. Because of these attacks, security in airports all around the world have heightened their forces to combat the next iteration of attacks. -
AI: Mexican Repatriation Program
California was the first state to recognize the mistreatment of Mexican American citizens. They apologized by passing the Apology Act for the 1930's Mexican Repatriation Program in 2005, after officially recognizing the "unconstitutional removal and coerced emigration of United States citizens and legal residents of Mexican descent" that they committed. -
AI: Barack Obama’s presidency
Barack Obama, the 44th president of the United States, was met with resistance from many Republican forces. Although aiding in many disasters and providing great care and service to all nations, including the United States, prejudices were held against him for the entirety of his presidency, and later re-election. Being the first African American president, Obama helped strengthen relations with the United Nations and improved many living conditions for the poor in American suburbs. -
AI: Donald Trump's Inauguration
Donald Trump, the 45th and newest president of the United States was elected on the 20th of January in 2017. He is an American politician, businessman and former television personality. He was also the chairman and apprentice of the Trump Organisation.
