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14th Amendment
Its Citizenship Clause provides a broad definition of citizenship -
15th Amendment
prohibits each government in the United States from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude" -
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Jim Crow Laws
a "separate but equal" status for African Americans. The separation in practice led to conditions for African Americans that tended to be inferior to those provided for white Americans -
Plessy v. Ferguson
United States Supreme Court decision in the jurisprudence of the United States, upholding the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal". -
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP
An African-American civil rights organization.Its mission is to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination. -
19th Amendment
prohibits any United States citizen to be denied the right to vote based on sex. -
League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC),
created to combat the discrimination that Hispanics face in the United States -
Federal Housing Authority
s a United States government agency created as part of the National Housing Act of 1934. It insured loans made by banks and other private lenders for home building and home buying. -
Social Security
Encompass several social welfare and social insurance programs. -
Congress on Racial Equality (CORE
a U.S. civil rights organization that played a pivotal role for African-Americans in the Civil Rights Movement -
Mendez v. Westminster
federal court case that challenged racial segregation ,held that the segregation of Mexican and Mexican American students into separate "Mexican schools" was unconstitutional. -
Delgado v. Bastrop ISD
the suit charged segregation of Mexican children from other white races without specific state law and in violation of the attorney general's opinion -
Sweatt v. Painter
was a U.S. Supreme Court case that successfully challenged the "separate but equal" doctrine of racial segregation established by the 1896 case Plessy v. Ferguson. The case was influential in the landmark case of Brown v. Board of Education four years later. -
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Civil Rights Movement
was a worldwide political movement for equality before the law, change by nonviolent forms of resistance. In some situations it was accompanied, or followed, by civil unrest and armed rebellion. lead to improvements in the legal rights of previously oppressed groups of people. -
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas
state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional -
Hernandez v. Texas
case that decided that Mexican Americans and all other racial groups in the United States had equal protection under the 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution -
Rosa Parks
was an African-American civil rights activist, Parks refused to obey bus driver James F. Blake's order that she give up her seat in the colored section to a white passenger -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama -
Eleanor Roosevelt
She advocated for expanded roles for women in the workplace, the civil rights of African Americans and Japanese Americans, and the rights of World War II refugees. -
Orval Faubus
He is best known for his 1957 stand against the desegregation of the Little Rock School District -
Civil Rights Act 1957
primarily a voting rights bill, was the first civil rights legislation enacted by Congress in the United States since Reconstruction following the American Civil War -
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
An African-American civil rights organization. SCLC was closely associated with its first president, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. The SCLC had a large role in the American Civil Rights Movement. -
Barbara Jordan
Was an American politician and a leader of the Civil Rights movement. She was the first African American elected to the Texas Senate -
Great Society
a set of domestic programs in the United States announced by President Lyndon B. Johnson at Ohio University and subsequently promoted by him and fellow Democrats in Congress in the 1960s. -
Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
Was one of the organizations of the American Civil Rights Movement. -
United Farm Workers Organizing Committee (UFWOC)
This union changed from a workers' rights organization that helped workers get unemployment insurance to that of a union of farmworkers almost overnight -
Betty Friedan
A leading figure in the Women's Movement in the United States, her 1963 book The Feminine Mystique is often credited with sparking the second wave of American feminism in the 20th century -
Lyndon Baines Johnson
he was responsible for designing the "Great Society" legislation that included laws that upheld civil rights, public broadcasting, Medicare, Medicaid, environmental protection, aid to education, and his "War on Poverty. -
March on Washington
was one of the largest political rallies for human rights in United States history and called for civil and economic rights for African Americans -
George Wallace
he was really into segregation ..."In the name of the greatest people that have ever trod this earth, I draw the line in the dust and toss the gauntlet before the feet of tyranny, and I say segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever" -
24th Amendment
prohibits both Congress and the states from conditioning the right to vote in federal elections on payment of a poll tax or other types of tax -
Civil Rights Act 1964
A piece of legislation in the United States[1] that outlawed major forms of discrimination against racial, ethnic, national and religious minorities, and women. -
Voting Rights Act 1965,
national legislation in the United States that outlawed discriminatory voting practices that had been responsible for the widespread disenfranchisement of African Americans in the U.S -
Head Start
a program of the United States Department of Health and Human Services that provides comprehensive education, health, nutrition, and parent involvement services to low-income children and their families -
Medicare
a national social insurance program, administered by the U.S. federal government since 1965, that guarantees access to health insurance for Americans ages 65 and older and younger people with disabilities as well as people with end stage renal disease -
Upward Bound
is a federally funded educational program within the United States -
National Organization for Women (NOW),
dvancement of women. The organization consists of 550 chapters in all 50 U.S. states -
Black Panthers
was an African-American revolutionary socialist organization -
Thurgood Marshall
was an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, serving from October 1967 until October 1991. Marshall was the Court's 96th justice and its first African-American justice.
victory in Brown v. Board of Education. -
25th Amendment
deals with succession to the Presidency and establishes procedures both for filling a vacancy in the office of the Vice President -
Affirmative Action
known as positive discrimination in the United Kingdom, refers to policies that take factors including "race, color, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or national origin" into consideration in order to benefit an underrepresented group "in areas of employment, education, and business". -
Hector P. Garcia
Was a Mexican-American physician, surgeon, World War II veteran, civil rights advocate, and founder of the American G.I. Forum -
Martin Luther King jr.
leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement. He is best known for his role in the advancement of civil rights using nonviolent civil disobedience -
American Indian Movement (AIM)
Native American activist organization in the United States, founded in 1968 in Minneapolis, Minnesota, with an agenda that focuses on spirituality, leadership, and sovereignty -
Non-Violent Protests
the practice of achieving goals through symbolic protests, civil disobedience, economic or political noncooperation, and other methods, without using violence -
Tinker v. De Moines
Petitioners, three public school pupils in Des Moines, Iowa, were suspended from school for wearing black armbands to protest the Government's policy in Vietnam -
Cesar Chavez
Was an American farm worker, labor leader and civil rights activist, who, with Dolores Huerta, co-founded the National Farm Workers Association -
Dolores Huerta
Is a labor leader and civil rights activist who, along with César Chávez, co-founded the National Farmworkers Association, later became the United Farm Workers (UFW). -
La Raza Unida
An American political party centered on Chicano nationalism -
26th Amendment
barred the states or federal government from setting a voting age higher than eighteen. -
Title IX
No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance... -
Militant Protests
A form of prtest where physical action is taken -
Edgewood ISD v. Kirby
citing discrimination against students in poor school districts. -
Sonia Sotomayor
is an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States,and its third female justice. She is also the third person of color to sit on the Court.
