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When you are deep water diving you are at risk of balance confusion, decompression illness, oxygen toxicity. Thos things all impear your nervouse system, circulatory system, and also your immune system.
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If divers do not pay attention to the pressur that is built up in their ear, they are at a very high risk of ear damage and possibly losing their hearing.
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With all the pressure under water it it very hard to breath, so with a regulator it forces the oxygen into your lungs so then you continue breathing. Oxygen toxicity is when you breath molecular oxygen at increased partial pressure, heliox is breathing gas and a mix of helium and oxygen, and nitrogen narcosis is an irretrievable altercation in consciousness.
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If the diver ascends to fast they can do a number of things to damage him/herself.
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They make slow movement so they do not disturb the ocean life, they breath slowly so they do not waste their oxygen, and they also try to not make a disturbance so they do not effect anything in the ecosystem.
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1 Only dive within your limits2 Check your gauges constantly, the last thing you want to do is run out of oxygen3 You need to know your diving signals4 Watch out for boats, you do not want to get ran over5 Always be an alert diver