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American Civil War
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Homestead Act
To attract immigrants, the US government UU. decreed in 1862, the Homestead Act , which defines the ownership of a property of 65 hectares to those who grow it for five years. -
• 13th Amendment
The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States officially abolished and continues to prohibit slavery in the United States of America, and, with limited exceptions, prohibited involuntary servitude. -
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: Reconstruction
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• 14th Amendment
The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States is one of the post-Civil War amendments, and includes, among others, the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause. -
• Transcontinental Railroad Completed
On this day in 1869, the presidents of the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads meet in Promontory, Utah, and drive a ceremonial last spike into a rail line that connects their railroads. This made transcontinental railroad travel possible for the first time in U.S. history. No longer would western-bound travelers need to take the long and dangerous journey by wagon train, and the West would surely lose some of its wild charm with the new connection to the civilized East. -
Industrialization Begins to Boom
The Industrial Revolution, which took place from the 18th to 19th centuries, was a period during which predominantly agrarian, rural societies in Europe and America became industrial and urban. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, which began in Britain in the late 1700s, manufacturing was often done in people’s homes, using hand tools or basic machines. -
• 15th Amendment
The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution establishes that governments in the United States can not prevent a citizen from voting because of their race, color, or prior condition of servitude. -
• Boss Tweed rise at Tammany Hall
Tammany Hall was a New York City political organization that endured for nearly two centuries. Formed in 1789 in opposition to the Federalist Party, its leadership often mirrored that of the local Democratic Party’s executive committee. Although its popularity stemmed from a willingness to help the city’s poor and immigrant populations, Tammany Hall became known for charges of corruption levied against leaders such as William M. “Boss” Tweed. -
• Telephone Invented
Alexander Graham Bell (1847-1922), the Scottish-born American scientist best known as the inventor of the telephone, worked at a school for the deaf while attempting to invent a machine that would transmit sound by electricity. Bell was granted the first official patent for his telephone in March 1876, though he would later face years of legal challenges to his claim that he was its sole inventor, resulting in one of history’s longest patent battles. -
• Reconstruction Ends
In 1867, the political battle between President Johnson and Congress over southern Reconstruction came to a confrontation. The Radical Republicans in Congress were not content with curbing Johnson’s authority by overriding his vetoes--they wanted to remove him altogether. -
• Jim Crow Laws Start in South
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Gilded Age
The term was coined by the writer Mark Twain in The Gilded Age : A Tale of Today, of 1873, that satirizaba an era of serious social problems, masked by a thin layer of gold -
Light Bulb Invented
The electric light, one of the everyday conveniences that most affects our lives, was not “invented” in the traditional sense in 1879 by Thomas Alva Edison, although he could be said to have created the first commercially practical incandescent light. He was neither the first nor the only person trying to invent an incandescent light bulb. In fact, some historians claim there were over 20 inventors of incandescent lamps prior to Edison’s version. -
• Third Wave of Immigration
Immigrants came over to America for more job opportunities and freedom of religion. Chinese, Japanese, and other Asian countries (migrated to the western states).Over half of the operatives in steel, meat-packing, and mining were made up of immigrants.
-In the 1910 census, foreign-born residents made up 15 percent of the U.S. population and 24 percent of the U.S. labor force.
-By 1914, 1.2 million immigrants had entered the United States. -
Chinese Exclusion Act
The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was the first significant law restricting immigration into the United States. Those on the West Coast were especially prone to attribute declining wages and economic ills on the despised Chinese workers. Although the Chinese composed only .002 percent of the nation’s population, Congress passed the exclusion act to placate worker demands and assuage prevalent concerns about maintaining white “racial purity.” -
Pendleton Act
The Pendleton Act provided that Federal Government jobs be awarded on the basis of merit and that Government employees be selected through competitive exams. The act also made it unlawful to fire or demote for political reasons employees who were covered by the law. -
• Dawes Act
Federal Indian policy during the period from 1870 to 1900 marked a departure from earlier policies that were dominated by removal, treaties, reservations, and even war. The new policy focused specifically on breaking up reservations by granting land allotments to individual Native Americans. -
Interstate Commerce Act
In 1887 Congress passed the Interstate Commerce Act, making the railroads the first industry subject to Federal regulation. Congress passed the law largely in response to public demand that railroad operations be regulated. -
• Andrew Carnegie’s Gospel of Wealth
The Gospel of Wealth was an article written by Andrew Carnegie in 1889. Carnegie was a Scottish immigrant who became the second richest man in America. By dominating the steel industry, Andrew Carnegie took his place alongside other fabulously wealthy captains of industry like Rockefeller and Vanderbilt. He became convinced that men like him had a responsibility to spend their money to benefit the greater good. This belief became known as the Gospel of Wealth. -
Chicago's Hull House
Born in Cedarville, Illinois, on September 6, 1860, and graduated from Rockford Female Seminary in 1881, Jane Addams founded, with Ellen Gates Starr, the world famous social settlement Hull-House on Chicago's Near West Side in 1889. From Hull-House, where she lived and worked until her death in 1935, Jane Addams built her reputation as the country's most prominent woman through her writing, settlement work, and international efforts for peace. -
• Klondike Gold Rush
was a migration by an estimated 100,000 prospectors to the Klondike region of the Yukon in north-western Canada between 1896 and 1899. Gold was discovered there by local miners on August 16, 1896, and, when news reached Seattle and San Francisco the following year, it triggered a stampede of prospectors. Some became wealthy, but the majority went in vain. It has been immortalized in photographs, books, films, and artifacts. -
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
The Sherman Anti-Trust Act is landmark 1890 U.S. legislation which outlawed trusts, then understood to mean monopolies and cartels, to increase economic competitiveness. -
How The Other Half Lives
The recent invention of flash photography made it possible to document the dark, over-crowded tenements, grim saloons and dangerous slums. Riis’s pioneering use of flash photography brought to light even the darkest parts of the city. Used in articles, books, and lectures, his striking compositions became powerful tools for social reform. -
• Influence of Sea Power Upon History
In 1890 Mahan published his college lectures as The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660–1783. In this book he argued for the paramount importance of sea power in national historical supremacy. The book, which came at a time of great technological improvement in warships, -
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Progressive Era
Progressivism refers to the different responses to the economic and social evolutions that occurred as a result of America’s rapid urbanization and industrialization at the end of the 19th century. In the late 1800s, millions of Americans migrated west and into urban areas, and hundreds of thousands of African Americans moved to northern cities. -
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Imperialism
a situation in which one country has a lot of power or influence over others, especially in political and economic matters: She accused the United States of economic imperialism. -
Homestead Steel Labor Strike
The Homestead strike, in Homestead, Pennsylvania, pitted one of the most powerful new corporations, Carnegie Steel Company, against the nation’s strongest trade union, the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers. An 1889 strike had won the steelworkers a favorable three-year contract; but by 1892 Andrew Carnegie was determined to break the union. -
Pullman Labor Strike
The Pullman Strike, as it would come to be called, emerged from one of the country’s most devastating economic crises, the Panic of 1893. Thousands of businesses shut down, and unemployment cracked 20%. To cope with plummeting demand and revenue, the Pullman Company, a premier railroad manufacturer, slashed its workforce by half and worker wages by a quarter, financially crippling its employees and their families under the weight of unsubsidized rents and living expenses. -
• Plessy v. Ferguson
The case Plessy against Ferguson, 163 US 537 is a legal decision in the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of the United States in which it was decided to maintain the constitutionality of the segregation -
• Annexation of Hawaii
On the Hawaiian Islands, a group of American sugar planters under Sanford Ballard Dole overthrow Queen Liliuokalani, the Hawaiian monarch, and establish a new provincial government with Dole as president. The coup occurred with the foreknowledge of John L. Stevens, the U.S. minister to Hawaii, and 300 U.S. Marines from the U.S. cruiser Boston were called to Hawaii, allegedly to protect American lives. -
• Spanish American War
The Spanish-American War (1898) was a conflict between the United States and Spain that ended Spanish colonial rule in the Americas and resulted in U.S. acquisition of territories in the western Pacific and Latin America. -
• Open Door Policy
statement of principles initiated by the United States in 1899 and 1900 for the protection of equal privileges among countries trading with China and in support of Chinese territorial and administrative integrity. The statement was issued in the form of circular notes dispatched by U.S. Secretary of State John Hay to Great Britain, Germany, France, Italy, Japan, and Russia. -
Assassination of President Mckinley
William McKinley was the 25th President of the United States from March 4, 1897 until his assassination in September 1901, six months into his second term. -
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Theodore Roosevelt
Political Parties:Republican and Progressive (Bull Moose) Party
Domestic Policy:Square Deal (3C's) ,Trust Busting Consumers, Conservation(nature) -
• Wright Brother’s Airplane
The Wright Flyer was the first powered flying machine built by the Wright brothers. The flight is recognized by the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, the body that elaborates standards -
• Panama Canal U.S. Construction Begins
Following the failure of a French construction team in the 1880s, the United States commenced building a canal across a 50-mile stretch of the Panama isthmus in 1904. Opened in 1914, oversight of the world-famous Panama Canal was transferred from the U.S. to Panama in 1999. -
The Jungle
Upton Sinclair wrote The Jungle to expose the appalling working conditions in the meat-packing industry. His description of diseased, rotten, and contaminated meat shocked the public and led to new federal food safety laws. -
Pure Food And Drug
On this date, the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 (PL 59-384) passed in the U.S. House of Representatives, 240 to 17. Muckraking journalists had long reported on the appallingly unsanitary conditions of the country’s manufacturing plants, especially those in Chicago’s meat-packing industry. -
Model-T
The Model T, also known as the “Tin Lizzie,” changed the way Americans live, work and travel. Henry Ford’s revolutionary advancements in assembly-line automobile manufacturing made the Model T the first car to be affordable for a majority of Americans. -
NAACP
NAACP Forward will guide our commitment to advancing civil rights through the present political climate and century ahead. In towns and cities nationwide, NAACP Forward will engage communities, members, supporters, partners and allies to confront the threats that citizens face each day, from voter suppression to income inequality to biased law enforcement. -
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William Howard Taft
Political Parties:Republican
Domestic Policy: 3C's 16/17 amendments -
16th Amendment
allows the Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states or basing it on the United States Census. -
Federal Reserve Act
The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 established the Federal Reserve System as the central bank of the United States to provide the nation with a safer, more flexible, and more stable monetary and financial system. -
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Woodrow Wilson
Political Parties:Democrat
Domestic Policy:Clayton Anti-Trust Act, National Park Service, Federal reserve Act, 18/19 amendments -
17th Amendment
Senators voted on by the people -
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
n an event that is widely acknowledged to have sparked the outbreak of World War I, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, nephew of Emperor Franz Josef and heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire, is shot to death along with his wife by a Serbian nationalist in Sarajevo, Bosnia, on this day in 1914. -
Trench Warfare. Poison Gas, and Machine Guns
Poison gas was probably the most feared of all weapons in World War One. Poison gas was indiscriminate and could be used on the trenches even when no attack was going on. Whereas the machine gun killed more soldiers overall during the war, death was frequently instant or not drawn out and soldiers could find some shelter in bomb/shell craters from gunfire. -
Period: to
World War I
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Sinking of the Lusitania
The sinking of the RMS Lusitania , which occurred off the coast of Ireland on May 7, 1915 due to the attack of a German submarine, was one of the greatest naval disasters to have occurred to a line ship during the First World War. -
National Parks System
The National Park Service (NPS) is an agency of the United States federal government that manages all national parks, many national monuments, and other conservation and historical properties with various title designations. -
Zimmerman Telegram
In January 1917, British cryptographers deciphered a telegram from German Foreign Minister Arthur Zimmermann to the German Minister to Mexico, von Eckhardt, offering United States territory to Mexico in return for joining the German cause. This message helped draw the United States into the war and thus changed the course of history. -
Russian Revolution
The Russian Revolution of 1917 was one of the most explosive political events of the twentieth century. The violent revolution marked the end of the Romanov dynasty and centuries of Russian Imperial rule. During the Russian Revolution, the Bolsheviks, led by leftist revolutionary Vladimir Lenin, seized power and destroyed the tradition of csarist rule. The Bolsheviks would later become the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. -
U.S. entry into WWI
When World War I broke out across Europe in 1914, President Woodrow Wilson proclaimed the United States would remain neutral, and many Americans supported this policy of nonintervention. However, public opinion about neutrality started to change after the sinking of the British ocean liner Lusitania by a German U-boat in 1915; almost 2,000 people perished, including 128 Americans. -
18th Amendment
declaring the production, transport, and sale of alcohol illegal. -
19th Amendment
Woman Suffrage -
President Harding's Return to Normalcy
The 29th U.S. president, Warren Harding (1865-1923) served in office from 1921 to 1923 before dying of an apparent heart attack. Harding’s presidency was overshadowed by the criminal activities of some of his cabinet members and other government officials, although he himself was not involved in any wrongdoing. -
• Harlem Renaissance
The Harlem Renaissance was the development of the Harlem neighborhood in New York City as a black cultural mecca in the early 20th Century and the subsequent social and artistic explosion that resulted. Lasting roughly from the 1910s through the mid-1930s, the period is considered a golden age in African American culture, manifesting in literature, music, stage performance and art. -
• Red Scare
As the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States intensified in the late 1940s and early 1950s, hysteria over the perceived threat posed by Communists in the U.S. became known as the Red Scare. (Communists were often referred to as “Reds” for their allegiance to the red Soviet flag.) The Red Scare led to a range of actions that had a profound and enduring effect on U.S. government and society. -
Period: to
Roaring Twenties
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• Teapot Dome Scandal
The Teapot Dome Scandal of the 1920s shocked Americans by revealing an unprecedented level of greed and corruption within a presidential administration. The scandal involved ornery oil tycoons, poker-playing politicians, illegal liquor sales, a murder-suicide, a womanizing president and a bagful of bribery cash delivered on the sly. -
• Joseph Stalin Leads USSR
Joseph Stalin (1878-1953) was the dictator of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) from 1929 to 1953. Under Stalin, the Soviet Union was transformed from a peasant society into an industrial and military superpower. However, he ruled by terror, and millions of his own citizens died during his brutal reign. Born into poverty, Stalin became involved in revolutionary politics, as well as criminal activities, as a young man. -
• Scopes “Monkey” Trial
In Dayton, Tennessee, the so-called “Monkey Trial” begins with John Thomas Scopes, a young high school science teacher, accused of teaching evolution in violation of a Tennessee state law. The law, which had been passed in March, made it a misdemeanor punishable by fine to “teach any theory that denies the story of the Divine Creation of man as taught in the Bible, and to teach instead that man has descended from a lower order of animals.” -
• Mein Kampf published
Seven months after being released from Landsberg jail, Nazi leader Adolf Hitler publishes the first volume of his personal manifesto, Mein Kampf. Dictated by Hitler during his nine-month stay in prison, Mein Kampf, or “My Struggle,” was a bitter and turgid narrative filled with anti-Semitic outpourings, disdain for morality, worship of power, and the blueprints for his plan of Nazi world domination. -
• Charles Lindbergh’s Trans-Atlantic Flight
7:52am - Charles Lindbergh takes off from Roosevelt Field, Long Island, New York. The heavy plane, loaded with 450 gallons of fuel, clears telephone wires at the end of the runway by only 20 feet. -
• St. Valentine’s Day Massacre
Gang warfare ruled the streets of Chicago during the late 1920s, as chief gangster Al Capone sought to consolidate control by eliminating his rivals in the illegal trades of bootlegging, gambling and prostitution. This rash of gang violence reached its bloody climax in a garage on the city’s North Side on February 14, 1929, when seven men associated with the Irish gangster George “Bugs” Moran, one of Capone’s longtime enemies, were shot to death by several men dressed as policemen. -
• Stock Market Crashes “Black Tuesday”
Black Tuesday hits Wall Street as investors trade 16,410,030 shares on the New York Stock Exchange in a single day. Billions of dollars were lost, wiping out thousands of investors, and stock tickers ran hours behind because the machinery could not handle the tremendous volume of trading. In the aftermath of Black Tuesday, America and the rest of the industrialized world spiraled downward into the Great Depression. -
Period: to
Great Depression
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• Hoovervilles
Hooverville was the name by which the irregular settlements built by the homeless during the Great Depression in the United States were known. They have this name because the President of the United States at the time was Herbert Hoover and, supposedly, let the country fall into recession. -
• Smoot-Hawley Tariff
Few areas of historical research have provoked such intensive study as the origins of America’s Great Depression. From 1929 to 1933 America suffered the worst economic decline in its history. Real national income fell by 36 percent; unemployment increased from 3 percent to over 25 percent; more than 40 percent of all banks were permanently closed; and international investment and trade declined dramatically. -
• 100, 000 Banks Have Failed
As the economic depression deepened in the early 30s, and as farmers had less and less money to spend in town, banks began to fail at alarming rates. During the 20s, there was an average of 70 banks failing each year nationally. After the crash during the first 10 months of 1930, 744 banks failed – 10 times as many. In all, 9,000 banks failed during the decade of the 30s. It's estimated that 4,000 banks failed during the one year of 1933 alone. -
• Agriculture Adjustment Administration (AAA)
The Agricultural Adjustment Act (May 1933) was an omnibus farm-relief bill embodying the schemes of the major national farm organizations. It established the Agricultural Adjustment Administration under Secretary of Agriculture Henry Wallace to effect a “domestic allotment” plan that would subsidize producers of basic commodities for cutting their output. -
• Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation is a federal agency independent of the United States and is formed as a result of the Great Depression of the year 1929. -
• Public Works Administration (PWA)
The Public Works Administration was an entity created by the government of the United States during the Great Depression, as a way to help unemployed workers, -
• Hitler appointed Chancellor of Germany
On this day in 1933, President Paul von Hindenburg names Adolf Hitler, leader or fÜhrer of the National Socialist German Workers Party (or Nazi Party), as chancellor of Germany. -
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Franklin D. Roosevelt
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: New Deal Programs
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The Holocaust
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• Dust Bowl
The phenomenon of the 1930s known as the Dust Bowl was one of the worst ecological disasters of the 20th century. The drought affected the plains and grasslands that extend from the Gulf of Mexico to Canada. -
• Social Security Administration (SSA)
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• Rape of Nanjing
The Massacre of Nanking or Nanking, also known as the Rape of Nanking, refers to the crimes committed by the Japanese Imperial Army in Nanjing -
• Kristallnacht
The Night of the Broken Crystals was a series of lynchings and combined attacks that took place in Nazi Germany during the night of November 9 to 10, 1938 and carried out against citizens ... -
• Hitler invades Poland
The Invasion of Poland, known in Poland as the September Campaign or the 1939 Defensive War , and in Germany as the Poland Campaign or Fall Weiss ("Case White"), was a joint invasion of Poland by Germany, the Soviet Union, the Free City of Danzig, and a small Slovak contingent that marked the beginning of World War II. -
Period: to
World War II
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• German Blitzkrieg attacks
Blitzkrieg (German, "lightning war"About this sound listen (help·info)) is a method of warfare whereby an attacking force, spearheaded by a dense concentration of armoured and motorised or mechanised infantry formations with close air support, breaks through the opponent's line of defence by short, fast, powerful attacks and then dislocates the defenders, using speed and surprise to encircle them with the help of air superiority. -
• Tuskegee Airmen
The Tuskegee Aviators is the popular name given to a group of African-American aviators from the United States who were trained at the Tuskegee Institute of Alabama -
• Navajo Code Talkers
Code talkers are people in the 20th century who used obscure languages as a means of secret communication during wartime. -
• Pearl Harbor
The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military offensive carried out by the Imperial Japanese Navy against the United States Naval Base at Pearl Harbor on the morning of Sunday, December 7, 1941. -
• Executive Order 9066
Executive Order 9066 was a United States presidential executive order signed and issued during World War II by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt on February 19, 1942. This order authorized the Secretary of War to prescribe certain areas as military zones, clearing the way for the incarceration of Japanese Americans, German Americans, and Italian Americans in U.S. concentration camps. -
• Bataan Death March
The march of the death of Bataán was a forced march of around 76,000 prisoners of war and civilians Filipinos and Americans who were captured by the Japanese -
• Invasion of Normandy (D-Day)
During World War II (1939-1945), the Battle of Normandy, which lasted from June 1944 to August 1944, resulted in the Allied liberation of Western Europe from Nazi Germany’s control. Codenamed Operation Overlord, the battle began on June 6, 1944, also known as D-Day, when some 156,000 American, British and Canadian forces landed on five beaches along a 50-mile stretch of the heavily fortified coast of France’s Normandy region. -
• GI Bill
GI Bill is a law passed in June 1944 in the United States, for the benefit of the American soldiers who fought then in World War II, -
• Atomic bombing of Nagasaki and Hiroshima
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• Victory over Japan/Pacific (VJ/VP) Day
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• Liberation of Concentration Camps
Soviet soldiers were the first to liberate concentration camp prisoners in the final stages of the war. On July 23, 1944, they entered the Majdanek camp in Poland, and later overran several other killing centers. -
• Victory in Europe (VE) Day
The Victory Day in Europe was on May 8, 1945, the date on which the Allies of World War II accepted the unconditional surrender of Nazi Germany. -
• United Nations (UN) Formed
The United Nations Organization, or simply the United Nations, is the largest existing international organization. -
• Germany Divided
was cut between the two global blocs in the East and West, a period known as the division of Germany. Germany was stripped of its war gains and lost territories in the east to Poland and the Soviet Union. -
Period: to
Harry S. Truman
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• Nuremberg Trials
The Nuremberg Trials or Nuremberg Processes were a set of jurisdictional processes undertaken at the initiative of the victorious allied nations at the end of the Second World War -
Period: to
Baby Boom
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• 22nd Amendment
The Twenty-second Amendment to the Constitution of the United States establishes a limit of mandates to the President of the United States. Congress passed the amendment on March 21, 1947. -
• Mao Zedong Established Communist Rule in China
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• Truman Doctrine
The Truman Doctrine was a measure created by the United States that aimed to support "free peoples who are resisting the attempts of subjugation by armed minorities or by external pressures" , since these regimes represented a threat to the capitalism of the United States, being these guidelines of fervent anticommunist tendency given the context in which they were, to the point of a persecutory fanaticism of any movement within the framework of the political left . -
Period: to
The Cold War
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Period: to
The Cold War
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• Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan - officially called European Recovery Program, ERP - was an initiative of the United States to help Western Europe, in which the Americans gave economic aid -
• Berlin Airlift
The blockade of Berlin was the closing of the borders that shared the United Kingdom and the United States with the Soviet Union in the occupied German territory, and that was developed between the 24 of June of 1948 and the 12 of May of 1949 -
• Arab-Israeli War Begins
The 1948 Arab–Israeli War, or the First Arab–Israeli War, was fought between the State of Israel and a military coalition of Arab states over the control of Palestine, forming the second stage of the 1948 Palestine war. -
• NATO Formed
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization or NATO, also known as the Atlantic Alliance, the North Atlantic Alliance or the Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance -
• Kim Il-sung invades South Korea
A few dissident students have described North Korea's invasion of the South as a response to the South's aggression. The fact is that Kim Il-sung in the North wanted to unite Korea – just as Rhee wanted to unite Korea – and Kim chose to invade. Kim Il-sung sent his military south across the 38th Parallel on June 25, 1950. If he were just interested in defense, he could have pursued a defensive strategy that would have served him in the clash of world opinion. -
• UN forces push North Korea to Yalu River- the border with China
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• Chinese forces cross Yalu and enter Korean War
On Nov. 25-26, 1950, the Chinese Army entered the Korean War in earnest with a violent attack against the American and United Nations forces in North Korea. The 300,000-man Chinese offensive caught the U.N. forces off guard, largely because of U.S. Gen. Douglas MacArthur's belief that China would not openly enter the war, and vastly expanded the conflict. -
Period: to
Korean War
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1950s Prosperity
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• Ethel and Julius Rosenberg Execution
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, a married couple convicted of conspiracy to commit espionage in 1951, are put to death in the electric chair. The execution marked the dramatic finale of the most controversial espionage case of the Cold War. -
• Armistice Signed
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Dwight D. Eisenhower
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• Ho Chi Minh Established Communist Rule in Vietnam
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• Warsaw Pact Formed
The Treaty of Friendship, Collaboration and Mutual Assistance, better known as the Warsaw Pact for the city in which it was signed, was a military cooperation agreement signed in 1955 by the countries of the Eastern Bloc. -
• Polio Vaccine
Polio vaccines are vaccines used to prevent poliomyelitis (polio). There are two types: one that uses inactivated poliovirus and is given by injection, and one that uses weakened poliovirus and is given by mouth.The World Health Organization recommends all children be fully vaccinated against polio.The two vaccines have eliminated polio from most of the world,and reduced the number of cases reported each year from an estimated 350,000 in 1988 to 37 in 2016. -
• Rosa Parks Arrested
Rosa Parks Was Arrested for Civil Disobedience
December 1, 1955
Rosa Parks stood up for what she believed, or rather, sat down for what she believed. On the evening of December 1, 1955, Parks, an African American, chose to take a seat on the bus on her ride home from work. Because she sat down and refused to give up her seat to a white passenger, she was arrested for disobeying an Alabama law requiring black people to relinquish seats to white people when the bus was full. -
• Montgomery Bus Boycott
The Montgomery bus boycott was a political and social protest that began in 1955 in Montgomery, Alabama, with the intention of opposing the policy of racial segregation in the public transportation system. -
Period: to
Vietnam War
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• Interstate Highway Act
The Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, popularly known as the National Interstate and Defense Highways Act (Public Law 84-627), was enacted on June 29, 1956, when President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the bill into law. With an original authorization of US$25 billion for the construction of 41,000 miles (66,000 km) of the Interstate Highway System supposedly over a 10-year period, it was the largest public works project in American history through that time. -
• Elvis Presley First Hit Song
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Sputnik I
Sputnik 1 launched on October 4, 1957 by the Soviet Union was the first artificial satellite in history. -
• Leave it to Beaver First Airs on TV
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• Civil Rights Act of 1957
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• Little Rock Nine
The Little Rock Nine -the nine of Little Rock- was a group of African-American students who on September 4, 1957 went to class at Little Rock Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, and were detained by the National Guard. -
• Kennedy versus Nixon TV Debate
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• Chicano Mural Movement Begins
The Chicano mural movement began in the 1960s in Mexican-American barrios throughout the Southwest. Artists began using the walls of city buildings, housing projects, schools, and churches to depict Mexican-American culture. -
• Bay of Pigs Invasion
The invasion of the Bay of Pigs, also known as the Bay of Pigs invasion or the Battle of Girón, was a military operation in which troops of Cuban exiles, supported by the United States -
• Peace Corps Formed
The Peace Corps is a federal agency independent of the United States. It was established by Decree Law 10924 on March 1, 1961 and was authorized by Congress on September 22 of the same year when approving the Peace Corps Act. -
• Affirmative Action
the policy of protecting members of groups that are known to have previously suffered from discrimination Historically and internationally, support for affirmative action has sought to achieve goals such as bridging inequalities in employment and pay, increasing access to education, promoting diversity, and redressing apparent past wrongs, harms, or hindrances. -
Period: to
John F. Kennedy
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• Cuban Missile Crisis
The Missile Crisis in Cuba is what is called the conflict between the United States, the Soviet Union and Cuba in October 1962, generated as a result of the discovery by the United States -
• Sam Walton Opens First Walmart
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• Kennedy Assassinated in Dallas, Texas
Kennedy was mortally wounded by gunfire while circulating in the presidential car at Dealey Plaza . 1 2 It was the fourth president of EE. UU murdered (with Abraham Lincoln, James Abram Garfield and William McKinley ) and the eighth who died in the exercise of his duties. -
• George Wallace Blocks University of Alabama Entrance
United States, on June 11, 1963. George Wallace , the Governor of Alabama, in a symbolic attempt to honor his promise by assuming his office of " segregation now, segregation tomorrow and segregation forever" and stop the processes of desegregation in schools, he stopped at the door of the auditorium to try to block the entrance of two black students, Vivian Malone Jones and James Hood . -
• The Feminine Mystique
The mystique of femininity is the name of a key book of Feminism of the second wave of feminism with which its author Betty Friedan won the Pulitzer Prize in 1964 -
• March on Washington
The March on Washington for work and freedom was a great demonstration that took place in Washington, DC on August 28, 1963. -
Period: to
Lyndon B. Johnson
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• The Great Society
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• Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
The incident in the Gulf of Tonkin was a false flag operation organized by the United States secret services, to be used as a pretext in their participation in the Vietnam War -
• Israeli-Palestine Conflict Begins
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• Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a landmark legislation in the United States that prohibits the unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools -
• 24th Amendment
The Twenty-Fourth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States prohibits both Congress and the states from conditioning the right to vote in federal elections to the payment of a capitation or any other type of tax. -
• Voting Rights Act of 1965
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a historic law within US law since it prohibited discriminatory practices in the right to vote for African-Americans in the United States. -
• Malcom X Assassinated
Malcolm X, born as Malcolm Little, and whose full official name was El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz, was a speaker, religious minister and American activist. -
• United Farm Worker’s California Delano Grape Strike
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• Thurgood Marshall Appointed to Supreme Court
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• Six Day War
The Six Day War - also known as the 1967 war in Arab historiography - was a war that pitted Israel against an Arab coalition formed by the United Arab Republic -
• Tet Offensive
The Tet offensive was a military operation planned by the government of North Vietnam and executed by the North Vietnamese Army and the Viet Cong in 1968, against the allied forces -
• My Lai Massacre
The My Lai Massacre was a well-known massacre of civilians that perpetrated a military unit of the United States Army during the Vietnam War. -
• Martin Luther King Jr. Assassinated
Martin Luther King, Jr. was an American pastor of the Baptist Church who developed crucial work in the United States at the forefront of the civil rights movement for African Americans -
• Vietnamization
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• Woodstock Music Festival
The Woodstock Music and Art Festival, more commonly known as the Woodstock Festival, was a rock and hippie festival held on 15, 16, 17 and until the early hours of August 18, 1969. -
• Draft Lottery
The NBA Draft lottery is an annual event held by the National Basketball Association (NBA), in which the teams who had missed the playoffs that previous year participate in a lottery process to determine the draft order in the NBA draft. The NBA Draft lottery started in 1985. In the NBA draft, the teams obtain the rights to amateur U.S. college basketball players and other eligible players, including international players. -
• Manson Family Murders
The Manson Family was a commune established in California in the late 1960s, led by Charles Manson. They gained national notoriety after the murder of actress Sharon Tate and four others on August 9, 1969 by Tex Watson and three other members of the Family, acting under the instructions of Charles Manson. Group members were also responsible for a number of other murders and assaults. -
• Apollo 11
Apollo 11 was a manned space mission from the United States whose goal was to get a human being to walk on the surface of the Moon. -
Period: to
Richard Nixon
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• Invasion of Cambodia
The Invasion of Cambodia was a series of military operations carried out in the east of Cambodia, in 1970, by the United States and South Vietnam, in the framework of the during the Vietnam War. -
• Kent State Shootings
The shooting at Kent State, also known as the May 4 Massacre or the Kent State Massacre was an event at the University of Kent, Ohio, where a chaotic panorama followed -
• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
The Environmental Protection Agency is an agency of the federal government of the United States responsible for protecting human health and protecting the environment: air, water and soil. The acronym USEPA can also be seen. -
• Pentagon Papers
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• 26th Amendment
The Twenty-sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution standardized the minimum age for voting in 18 years. -
• Policy of Détente Begins
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Period: to
Jimmy Carter
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• Nixon Visits China
The visit of US President Richard Nixon to the People's Republic of China was an important step to formally normalize relations between the United States and the People's Republic of China. -
• Watergate Scandal
The Watergate scandal was a major political scandal that took place in the United States in the 1970s in the wake of a theft of documents in the Watergate office complex in Washington D. -
• Title IX
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• War Powers Resolution
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• OPEC Oil Embargo
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• First Cell-Phones
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• Engaged Species Act
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• Roe v. Wade
The case Roe versus Wade or Roe vs. Wade is the name of the court case of 1973, by which the Supreme Court of the United States decriminalized 7-for a split decision against 2- induced abortion in that country. -
• United States v. Nixon
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• Ford Pardons Nixon
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Period: to
Gerald Ford
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• Fall of Saigon
The Fall of Saigon or Liberation of Saigon was the capture of the city of Saigon, capital of South Vietnam, by the National Front for the Liberation of Vietnam and the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam on April 30, 1975. -
• National Rifle Associate (NRA) Lobbying Begins
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• Bill Gates Starts Microsoft
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• Steve Jobs Starts Apple
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• Community Reinvestment Act of 1977
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• Camp David Accords
They are known as the Camp David agreements to which they were signed by Egyptian President Anwar el-Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin on September 17, 1978 -
• Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty
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Period: to
: Iran Hostage Crisis
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• Conservative Resurgence
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• War on Drugs
The War on Drugs is an initiative led by the government of the United States aimed at the pursuit of production, trade and consumption of certain psychoactive substances, -
• “Trickle Down Economics”
Trickle-down economics, also referred to as trickle-down theory, is an economic theory that advocates reducing taxes on businesses and the wealthy in society as a means to stimulate business investment in the short term and benefit society at large in the long term. It is a form of laissez-faire capitalism in general and more specifically supply-side economics. -
• AIDS Epidemic
The AIDS pandemic is a consequence of the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus around the world. The presence of the virus is documented in most of the countries of the planet, but the prevalence rates vary from country to country. -
• Sandra Day O’Connor Appointed to U.S. Supreme Court
Sandra Day O'Connor (born March 26, 1930) is a retired Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, serving from her appointment in 1981 by Ronald Reagan to 2006. She was the first woman to serve on the Court.[5] -
Period: to
Ronald Reagan
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• Marines in Lebanon
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• Iran-Contra Affair
The Iran-Contra scandal, also known as Irangate, is a political event that occurred in 1985 and 1986, in which the government of the United States, under the administration of the president -
• The Oprah Winfrey Show First Airs
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• “Mr. Gorbachev, Tear Down This Wall!”
Tear down this wall was a famous appointment and challenge of the ex-president of the United States Ronald Reagan to the former Secretary General of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev, to demolish the Berlin Wall. -
• Berlin Wall Falls
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• End of Cold War
The period of the Cold War of 1985-1991 began with the rise of Mikhail Gorbachev as leader of the Soviet Union. -
Period: to
George H. W. Bush
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• Germany Reunification
The term German reunification refers to the political and social changes that occurred during 1989 and 1990 in Germany, which ended in the accession of the former German Democratic Republic under the -
• Iraq Invades Kuwait
The Invasion of Kuwait was a military operation carried out by the Iraq of Saddam Hussein against the Emirate of Kuwait, perpetrated between the 2 and 4 August 1990. -
Period: to
Persian Gulf War
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• Rodney King
Rodney Glen King was an American taxi driver. Known for being brutally assaulted by several police angelina police on March 3, 1991 after being chased by these being on probation for theft. -
• Soviet Union Collapses
The dissolution of the Soviet Union or the dissolution of the USSR was the disintegration of federal political structures and the central government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics -
• Operation Desert Storm
The Gulf War was a warlike conflict waged by a coalition force authorized by the United Nations, composed of 34 countries and led by the United States, against the Republic of Iraq -
• Ms. Adcox Born
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Period: to
Bill Clinton
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• Contract with America
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• NAFTA Founded
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• O.J. Simpson’s “Trial of the Century”
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• Bill Clinton’s Impeachment
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• War on Terror
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9/11 (September 11, 2001)
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• USA Patriot Act
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Period: to
War in Afghanistan
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Period: to
George W. Bush
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• NASA Mars Rover Mission Begins
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Period: to
: Iraq War
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• Facebook Launched
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• Hurricane Katrina
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• Saddam Hussein Executed
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• Iphone Released
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• Sonia Sotomayor Appointed to U.S. Supreme Court
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• Hilary Clinton Appointed U.S. Secretary of State
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• American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
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Period: to
Barack Obama
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• Arab Spring
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• Osama Bin Laden Killed
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• Space X Falcon 9
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• Donald Trump Elected President
