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Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)
This organization was founded by Marcus Garvey to promote black self-help, pan-Africanism, and racial separatism. Garvey's movement differed from the goals of the NAACP in that it focused on repatriating black Americans to their ancestral homeland and overthrowing colonial rule and using power to assist black people throughout the world. The NAACP sought equal access to American institutions and cooperation with white people. -
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The resurgence of the Klu Klux Klan
During the 1920s, this group, which had previously declined in membership and activity, began to grow again. This was due to the desire to re-establish traditional values and sheer hostility towards black people and immigrants. Furthermore, because they were being faced with challenges to conventional values, changing morality, and the flaunting of prohibition, wives joined as well as husbands. -
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Rapid changes in the movie industry
The entertainment industry during this time period played a role in promoting relaxed attitudes towards sexual relations. Movies now appealed to a national audience and expanded into feature-length pictures. To adjust to this, Hollywood film studios became major corporations and movies showed in ornate theaters. Furthermore, the star system was born, allowing matinee idols to influence fashions and hairstyles. -
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The Harlem Renaissance
This was a period of time where Harlem-based black writers, artists, and musicians created works that flourished. It started following World War I and through the 1920s. The movement included writers like Langston Hughes and Zora Neale Hurston, musicians like Ferdinand Morton, Louis Armstrong, and Edward Ellington, and singers like Bessie Smith. -
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The era of Prohibition
The era was created by a constitutional law that prohibited the production, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages. Even though overall consumption lowered, alcohol was still available illegally. It did not accomplish the intended goal of lowering crime, and the law was eventually repealed. -
The radio enters and changes everyday life
On the day specified, the first United States licensed commercial broadcasting station was established. It had the ability to spread political and economic information from coast to coast, making knowledge much more widespread. Furthermore, listening to the radio became a popular American pastime and it changed American culture. -
The Sacco and Vanzetti Case
This was a court case in which Nicolo Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were convicted of robbery and murder. Both of them were Italian immigrants and at least one was a guaranteed anarchist. The trial focused more on their foreign birth and political views instead of actual facts about their guilt or innocence. -
National Origins Act
This law was passed to establish immigration quotas by national origin. Additionally, it was intended to severely limit immigration from southern and eastern Europe and to halt all immigration from east Asia. -
Indian Citizenship Act
The act granted citizenship and the right to vote to all indigenous Americans. However, indigenous Americans still faced discrimination during this time period. This included a lack of federal funds for public health programs, causing rising rates of disease and mortality, and boarding schools promoting only menial jobs for native students. -
The election of 1928
In this election, Republican Herbert Hoover beat his opponent Al Smith in both the electoral vote and the popular vote. This election confirmed that the 1920s were an "age of conservative political ascendancy". It was proven because, despite his loss, Smith captured the twelve largest cities in the nation, all of which had voted Republican four years earlier.