Topic 11 & 14 Project

Muhammad, preacher of Islam, is born

570 BCE

Muhammad was born around 570, AD in Mecca (now in Saudi Arabia). By his 20's, he was married and it is believed that was his wife who first believed his new proposal of religion.

Al-Razi writes medical texts and becomes a very important person in medical history.

400 BCE

Al-Razi was a musician and a money-changer until his 30s, when he began to study medicine in Baghdad. He went on to become one of the greatest physicians of the medieval period, writing over 200 works; half of them on medicine, but others on topics that included philosophy, theology, mathematics, astronomy and alchemy. He includes gout, for example, also covers diseases related to large and small worms in the abdomen, piles, hunchback, varicose veins and elephantiasis.

Mali Becomes West Africa's Trading Center

250

Mali expanded its territory, influence, and culture over the course of four centuries. An abundance of gold dust and salt deposits helped to expand the empire’s commercial assets. Mali included the city of Timbuktu, which became known as an important center of knowledge.

Arab and Berber traders travel across the sahara desert

700

In the eighth and ninth centuries, Arab merchants operating in southern Moroccan towns such as Sijilmasa bought gold from the Berbers, and financed more caravans. These commercial transactions encouraged further conversion of the Berbers to Islam. Increased demand for gold in the North Islamic states, which sought the raw metal for minting, prompted scholarly attention to Mali and Ghana,

Al-Azhar University, a center of Islamic learning, is founded in Caria.

970

Al-Razi was a musician and a money-changer until his 30s, when he began to study medicine in Baghdad. He went on to become one of the greatest physicians of the medieval period, writing over 200 works; half of them on medicine, but others on topics that included philosophy, theology, mathematics, astronomy and alchemy. He became known as a historical figure in medical history. In honor of his tributes, a medical school is named after him.

The Empire of Mali is formed

1100

Mali began as a small Malinke kingdom around the upper areas of the Niger River. It became an important empire after 1235 when Sundjata organized Malinke resistance against a branch of the southern Soninke, who made up the center of the older kingdom of Ghana. The empire developed around its capital of Niani.

Mansa Musa, King of Mali, makes the hejj to Mecca

1234

Mansa Mūsā, either the grandson or the grandnephew of Sundiata, the founder of his dynasty, came to the throne in 1307. In the 17th year of his reign (1324), he set out on his famous pilgrimage to Mecca. ... In addition, Mansa Mūsā had a baggage train of 80 camels, each carrying 300 pounds of gold.

Mongols Burn Baghdad, Arabia's Capitol

1258

The Siege of Baghdad was a siege that took place in Baghdad in 1258, lasting for 13 days from January 29, 1258 until February 10, 1258. The siege, laid by Ilkhanate Mongol forces and allied troops, involved the investment, capture, and sack of Baghdad, which was the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate at that time. The Mongols were under the command of Hulagu Khan, brother of the khagan .Möngke Khan, who had intended to further extend his rule into Mesopotamia

Ottoman Empire is founded by Osman I

1300

Osman I, a leader of the Turkish tribes in Anatolia, founded the Ottoman Empire around 1299. The term “Ottoman” is derived from Osman's name, which was “Uthman” in Arabic. The Ottoman Turks set up a formal government and expanded their territory under the leadership of Osman I, Orhan, Murad I and Bayezid I.

First people become captives in European slave trade

1441

Between about 1500 and 1900, Europeans forcibly uprooted millions of people from throughout West Africa and West Central Africa and shipped them across the ocean.

First People become captives in European slave trade

1441

Between about 1500 and 1900, Europeans forcibly uprooted millions of people from throughout West Africa and West Central Africa and shipped them across the ocean.

Ottoman Turks conquer Constantinople

1453

The city of Constantinople fell on May 29, 1453. Mehmet’s forces sacked the city and sold the surviving inhabitants into slavery. The Sultan Mehmet entered Hagia Sophia, what had been a church, and now turned it into a mosque. Geometric designs were painted over the famous mosaics of Hagia Sophia, and verses of the Koran were placed where earlier holy icons had been hung.