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541
Plague of Justinian
Named after the ruler of the Byzantine Empire at the time, the Plague of Justinian was the first recorded major pandemic.
This caused the decline of the Byzantine Empire. This event was significant as it greatly weakened one of the strongest forces during the middle ages. -
541
Plague of Justinian Bibliography
Time and dates of the event and what happened
https://www.worldhistory.org/article/782/justinians-plague-541-542-ce/ The image for the plague of Justinian is actually a Primary source painting of the Plague at Ashdod by Nicolas Poussin done in 1631. Artworkis located in the Louvre Museum, in Paris. Believed to be similar looking to the plague of Justinian.
https://www.thecollector.com/plague-of-justinian-byzantine-empire/ -
850
Invention of gunpowder (china)
During the Tang dynasty, Chinese alchemists accidentally discovered saltpeter, the main ingredient of gunpowder. saltpeter, combined with charcoal and sulfur made a substance with excellent explosive properties. Gunpowder was an important invention as it proved to be a very useful weapon in the middle ages. As many people started to use it.
Although outdated in modern weaponry, gunpowder is still used in fireworks. -
850
Gun powder Bibliography
General facts about gunpowder
https://www.britannica.com/technology/gunpowder A possibility on how it was discovered and where the image is from
https://editions.covecollective.org/chronologies/discovery-gunpowder#:~:text=While%20trying%20to%20discover%20a,combined%20with%20charcoal%20and%20sulfur. -
1070
stone castles Bibliography
General information about castles
https://www.britannica.com/technology/castle-architecture Time and information about castles
https://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/iha-stone-castles/heag235-stone-castles/#:~:text=The%20first%20stone%20castles%20were,extended%20over%20the%20following%20centuries. image is a primary source, it is an existing medieval castle located in England that's been abandoned
https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/medieval-castles/ -
1070
Stone castles
During the 11th century, around the Norman conquest (1066). The first stone castle was finished building in 1070.
This was an important event as the idea of castles was adopted in several countries and proved to be very successful until the use of cannons and gunpowder.
During the middle ages, castles provided a safe haven by having impenetrable stone walls which protected everyone within.
Castles are still significant today as they provide information on what people did in the past. -
1095
The first crusade
The time when Pope Urban II started a military campaign so they could take control over the holy lands, and asked Christians for their help. The crusades are important as they led to the decline of the feudal system, and also changed the economy at the time as Crusaders brought back luxery goods. -
1095
First crusade Bibliography
General information and dates
https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/crus/hd_crus.htm#:~:text=The%20First%20Crusade&text=At%20their%20core%20was%20a,373.100).
A 19th century CE painting by Jean-Joseph Dassy of Robert of Normandy at the Siege of Antioch, 1097-8 CE during the First Crusade (1095-1102 CE).
https://www.worldhistory.org/image/8992/robert-of-normandy-at-the-siege-of-antioch/ -
1201
Eye glasses
Eyeglasses were important during the middle ages as it increased productivity over the ages. It allowed people with impaired vision to see clearly and gave them the ability to continue to read. This is also the creation that led to modern-day glasses -
1201
eye glasses bibliography
Dates and origin 9/3/2023
https://mfgsc-vic.libguides.com/c.php?g=916765&p=6610145#:~:text=A%20number%20of%20very%20important,Mills%2C%20Gunpowder%20and%20Printing%20Press. Numbers and dates
https://www.britannica.com/science/eyeglasses The image dates to around 1400. (primary source)
http://cdalebrittain.blogspot.com/2016/07/eyeglasses-in-middle-ages.html -
1215
Magna carta
The Magna Carta is a document of rights agreed to by King John of England. It stated that the king and his government were not above the law. It established law as a power and placed limits on royal authority. This event was significant because it was the first ever to put this rule into writing. -
1215
Magna carta bibliography
General information about what the Magna Carta is, what it does, etc
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Magna-Carta What the Magna carta exactly did
https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/originsofparliament/birthofparliament/overview/magnacarta/#:~:text=Magna%20Carta%20was%20issued%20in,as%20a%20power%20in%20itself. image from
https://www.historyextra.com/period/medieval/magna-carta-when-signed-date-king-john-debate/ -
1324
Pilgrimage to Mecca by Mansa Musa
Mansa Musa, one of the richest people in history, is the ruler of the Mali Empire and in 1324 he started his two-year pilgrimage to Mecca. This event is significant as Musa's would have economic consequences for North Africa and Arabia that would last decades. It was said that Mansa Musa brought as much as 18 tons of gold or 18000 kilograms. -
1324
Pilgrimme to mecca Bibliography
Information about what Mansa Musa did.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Musa-I-of-Mali The image is a zoomed-in version taken from Britanica
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Musa-I-of-Mali -
1346
Black death
One of the biggest pandemics in history killing around 200 million people and wiping out 30-50% of European countries. The black death was important because it made improvements in medical ethics and public health. -
1346
Black death Bibliography
General information and dates
https://www.britannica.com/event/Black-Death What time it occur
http://hosted.lib.uiowa.edu/histmed/plague/#:~:text=In%20October%201347%2C%20a%20ship,people%20had%20died%20in%20Asia. The black death was depicted as hell on Earth and this is an illustration on what that would've looked like.
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/the-plague -
1377
Quarantine
Around the 14th century, a technique called quarantine was invented. They made arriving ships wait 30 days in the harbour before docking so they could see if they were infected. This technique proved to be so successful that parts of Italy of Europe started using it as well. -
1377
Invention of quarantine Bibliography
The area that invented quarantine and what century it was in. https://www.cdc.gov/quarantine/historyquarantine.html The picture is of a city called Dubrovnik that was in the middle ages. It was said to be one of the first places to lock down and go to quarantine to combat the plague.
https://www.timeout.com/croatia/news/the-history-of-quarantines-in-the-city-that-invented-them-033120 -
1436
Printing press
Despite being far from the first to automate the book printing, Goldsmith Johannes Gutenberg is credited with inventing the movable printing press around 1436.
This tool was important as it quickly applied ideas on paper.
Which enabled people to share information widely. -
1436
Printing press Bibliography
Dates and general information (10/3/2023)
https://www.medievalchronicles.com/medieval-history/medieval-inventions-list/printing-press/ where was it invented and the image
https://www.britannica.com/technology/printing-press -
General Bibliography that applies to all
general information about events during the middle ages
https://www.medievalists.net/2018/04/most-important-events-middle-ages/ General information about inventions during the middle
ages. https://mfgsc-vic.libguides.com/c.php?g=916765&p=6610145#:~:text=A%20number%20of%20very%20important,Mills%2C%20Gunpowder%20and%20Printing%20Press.