Title IX and Sports

By cgropp10

  • Title IX origination

    “No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.” Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, 20 U.S.C. § 1681 C.F.R. (1972). Although today, Title IX is attached to the hip of sports, there is no mention of Sports in the original Amendment.

  • Grove City College vs Bell

    "Case in mid-1980s, which achieved what the Republican legislators were not successful doing through amendments, narrowing the scope of Title IX to individual
    programs receiving federal funding rather than institutions
    receiving federal funds. For a four-year period between 1984 and
    1988, the vast majority of athletic departments in the country were
    exempted from the requirements of Title IX because they did not
    directly receive federal financial support (Staurowsky, Zonder, Riemer).

  • Civil Rights Restoration Act in 1988

    This is an important event because it reversed many laws for example: Colleges athletics that did not receive federal money were exempt from Title IX, however this act defined any college receiving ANY federal money is obligated to adhere to the rules and regulations of Title IX. This changed the culture of athletics by making sure women has equal opportunities to the same sporting events as males.

  • Changing the Culture

    With the new Civil Rights Restoration Act, it held colleges and the overall landscape of Title IX come from the "Empty Promise" to fully giving specific guidelines for College and Universities to adhere by. This impacted key business and stake holders to no longer make key decisions in the athletic departments.

  • Franklin vs. Gwinnett County Public Schools

    The Supreme Court decides that plaintiffs can sue for monetary damages under Title IX.

  • Coach Sanya Tyler

    Sanya Tyler sues the University of Howard stating she gets paid less than the Howard mens basketball coach and is award 1.1 millions dollars.

  • Cohen vs. Brown

    Federal courts forced Brown university top reinstate the women gymnastics and volleyball programs after they find the university did not meet the requirements of the Civil Rights test. The test comprises of three components: number of male and female enrollments, expanding participation opportunities for female, and accommodations for the interest of female athletes.

  • Equity in Athletics Disclosure Act

    This Act requires federally funded coed institutions to submit annual reports to help monitor the Title IX compliance.

  • Olympic Program Changes

    Women's Soccer and Softball are part of the Olympics for the first time and both US teams win gold. This was a major impact because it not only showed America but the world that women are no less than men in Athletics.

  • Department of Education

    Department of Education clarifies a stating that allows schools to via email women in their interest in sports, and failure to respond is enough to not start programs. This shows just how slow Title IX took off, and how important later people like Obama was key to help women in athletics. However in 2010 Obama's administration rescinded this provision in 2010.

  • Lawsuit of UC Davis

    Three female wrestler sue UC Davis for failure to provide athletic opportunities forcing UC Davis to pay over 1.3 million in attorney fees. This impacted colleges on how they offer sports and overall the image of women in athletic events.

  • References:

    Staurowsky, E. Zonder, E. Riemer, B. So, What Is Title IX? Assessing College Athletes Knowledge of the Law. (November 1, 2017). 25, 30 -42 University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG) ARTICLE Accessed: 9/16/18 https://www.si.com/vault/2012/05/07/106189983/title-ix-timeline
    accessed: 9/16/2018

  • The Future of Title IX

    The future can be tricky to predict, but one thing is for sure on Title IX, and that is it is here to stay and grow. Title IX has impacted businesses investing in sports, and those businesses making key decisions with the rules and regulations on Title IX. I predict in the future that women will become men's head coaches, more women athletic directors, and more women leadership opportunities.