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Colour Codes
Blue - Political *
Yellow - Social *
Red - Economic * -
Billy Bishop and the Air War -1
The air war was brutal as pilots tried mainly to kill enemy pilots as quickly and as efficiently as possible. The life expectancy of a new pilot could be measured in weeks. Billy Bishop was one of the few pilots who survived. This is a significant decline for Canada because it shouldn't be such a big accomplishment for someone to not die. The air wars caused many scary, unnecessary deaths which did not help society. (BLUE) (primary source) -
Francis Pegahmagabow -2
Francis Pegahmagabow was an Ojibwa from the Parry Island Band in Ontario and one of 4 000 Aboriginals who served in the war. He witnessed soldiers foaming at the mouth and gasping for air through soaked and muddy handkerchiefs. In the 48 hours of battle, 6 035 Canadians, one man in every three, became casualties of whom more than 2 000 died. This is a significant decline for Canada because of the mass death that occurred. (BLUE) (primary source) -
Private Leo Le Boutillier -2
The Newfoundland Regiment which suffered disastrous consequences on the first day of battle, July 1st. Of 801 men at the beginning of the battle, only 68 were not wounded or killed. This is a significant decline for Canada because of the mass death and injury that occurred. This also affects the soldiers families. (BLUE) (primary source) -
Taxes -1
The government had to turn to its citizens to help finance the war. Taxes on tobacco, alcohol, transport tickets, and telegrams were introduced. Citizens were not happy with this and riots began. This created a decline for Canada because at a time of war, riots do not help the situation. (BLUE) (secondary source) -
Food Shortage -2
The war also created a food shortage. By 1917, the government was forced to create the Farm Service Corps program. This was a significant decline for Canada because it put extra stress on society and weakened the country as a whole. (RED) (secondary source) -
Jeremiah Jones +2
Jones was a black soldier who rescued his unit from an enemy machine gun nest in what was to become a battle that is now known as Canada's greatest success and source of great national pride. This is significant because Jones had proven a black man's worth in a white man's army. This was recognized when Jones was recommended for a Distinguished Conduct Medal. (YELLOW) (primary resource) -
School Explosion -1
Tufts Cove School was destroyed in the explosion. In 1917, schools and cities were not required to have emergency disaster plans. This was a significant decline for Canada because it shows how people of all ages, even children, were negatively affected by the war. (BLUE) (secondary source) -
Mae Belle Sampson +2
During the war, medical care was needed so many women landed jobs as nurses. For some Canadians, images and news of nurses working hard at the front and sacrificing their lives helped to change notions of women as fragile, helpless creatures. Mae Belle Sampson was the first nurse in the Hamilton area to enlist for service overseas. This was significant progress for Canada because it was the beginning of equality between women and men. (YELLOW) (secondary source) -
Forced Employment -2
Many times people were forced to work in places that were far away from their families. The photo on the right shows internees working in extremely cold conditions to build Banff, Alberta. However, all of their earnings were given to the government. This was a decline for Canada because it made the people unhappy being away from their families. It made them even angrier that they didn't get most of the money they earned. (RED) (secondary source) -
Canadian Artists +1
The First World War actually created opportunities for Canadian photographers and painters to hone their skills and get their names recognized. This was progress for Canada because it shows how although the war caused fear and stress, it also opened up many jobs. (RED) (secondary source)
