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The Great Darkness
The Union National Party was headed by Maurice Duplessis who governed Quebec from 1930-1939 and 1944-1959. He strong armed unions, resulting in bad working conditions. He believed that for Quebec to surivive, they would need to maintain a strong Catholic faith, staying rural, and giving unquestioned obedience to his leadership. -
The United Nations is Created
As the League of Nations failed in stopping World War II, the United Nations was created. Canada was commited to peacekeeping and began serving in every peace keeping initative. -
End of World War II
Before the War ended, Canada landed at Juno, where they pushed the German forces back. Later, World War II ended with the suicide of Hitler. With the suicide, Germany surrendered, and the War was over. -
Creation of the United Nations
The United Nations was created because of the failure of the League of Nations to prevent World War II. This failure was a result of the biggest democracies, such as the United States, not joining the League. The UN was established in New York. -
Louis St. Laurent
Liberal, 1948-1957. He encouraged Newfoundland to join Canada in 1949. He encouraged American investment in Canada. He brang prosperity through mega projects, trans canada highway. He refused to support Britian in Suez Crisis. -
UN Declaration of Human Rights
The Declaration served as a model for constitutional documents, such as the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. From World War II, the UN learned that human rights had to be protected. As a result of this declaration, Canada stopped racist immigration, and became more multiculturalist. The Declaration of Human Rights was drafted by a Canadian, John Humphrey. -
Creation of NATO
Canada was a part of NATO, a democratic alliance. Members of NATO decided how to support the common interest of countries. The main principle of NATO is to maintain adequate military strength and to deter agression and military pressure. -
Communists take control of China
Led by Mao Zedong, China fell under communist power. Canada attempted to contain communism, but this is an example of how Communism spread nonetheless our efforts. Canada recognized the Communist government, whereas other countries did not. -
The Korean War
The Korean War displayed the difference in political views between North Korea, who was communist, and South Korea, who was democratic. The United Nations, including Canada and the United States entered to keep peace between the two nations. The War ended on July 27, 1953. -
The Korean War
Canada was a part of the UN army, where they were peacemaking, fighting for peace. This War ended in 1953. -
Creation of the WARSAW Pact
The WARSAW Pact, an alliance of the communist countries was led by the Soviet Union. This alliance was headquarted in Warsaw, Poland and included mainly Eastern European countries. Canada was not involved as they were democratic. -
Vietnam War
Similar to the Korean War, the Vietnam War was a War between the North and South divisions of the country. Again, the North was communists, and the South was democratic. The Communists attacked, and the UN enters in 1961 to keep peace. However, they left after 10 years, leading the present-day Vietnam to be Communist. The War ended on April 30, 1975. -
Lester B. Pearson diffuses the Suez Crisis
Lester Pearson was sent by the United Natiosn to keep peace in an area known as Suez. The Suez crisis involed the British, the French, and the Egyptians. The British and the French built a trench connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. After it was in use, the Egyptians claimed it was their's, as it was in their land. This started a war, with the British, French, and the Israeli's against Egypt. Lester Pearson proposed to send soldiers to the trench, to keep peace. -
John Diefenbaker
Conservative 1957-1963. First Con. elected after RB Bennett. He created the Bill of Rights 1960 from inspiration from UN declaration. He was concerned about American investment, and losing Canadian identity. Reluctant to have US Bomarc missiles in Canada. Signed Norad, refused to help US in Cuban Missile Crisis. Cancelled AVRO ARROW project, as he thought he couldn't afford. US made them, sold them back to Canada. -
The Quiet Revolution
The new premier was Jean Lesage, who wanted greater French involvement. He wanted to modernize Quebec and encourage growth in hydro to finance the development of France. -
Berlin Wall is built
The Soviets built the Berlin Wall overnight, to show the seperation between the Democratic West Berlin and the Communist East Berlin. For one year, the United States provided supply missions. This Wall became a symbol of the Cold War. Some Canadian soldiers served in West Berlin to defend East Berlin to stop Communism. -
Cuban Missile Crisis
The Cuban Missile Crisis began when the Soviets placed nuclear missiles in Cuba, pointed to the U.S.A.The United States finds out, and a nuclear war was threatened. This was the closest to global destruction. Later, the Soviets backed down. -
Lester Pearson
1963-1968 Liberal. Appointed Royal Commision on Bilngualism to improve Fr-Eng relation. Introduced Pension Plan, Medicare. Changed Canada's flag to show independence, for 100th birthday. Signed Auto Pact with US allowing Am car company to enter Canada. Won Nobel Peace Prize for Suez Crisis. -
United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus
This was created to prevent hostilities between Turk and Greek Cypriots. The United Nations force comprised of Canada, Finland, Ireland, Sweden and the UK. This was Canada's longest peacekeeping nation. -
Expo '67
Daniel Johnson, Lesage's succescor, demanded an increase of power to Quebec. He insisted on a 50-50 split between Quebec and the rest of Canada. French president Charles DeGaulle came to Expo '67 and proclaimed "Vive le Quebec Libre!" Pearson kicked him out. -
Parti Quebequois created
Under the leadership of Rene Levesque. This party demanded Quebec to enter into a sovereignty association. The current PM was Pierre Trudeau, who wanted Quebec to remain in Canada and that they should have equal opportunities. -
Pierre Trudeau
1968-1979, 1980-1984. Liberal, longest serving PM. Passed official languages act 1969, making Canada bilingual. Policy of multiculturialism. Patriated Constitution, Charter of Rights and Freedom. Established FIRA to stop Am. investment. National Energy program to control price of oil. Responsible for debt in Canada. Increase foreign aid by CIDA to help poor countries. -
FLQ Crisis
The FLQ took terrorist measures to have Quebec seperate from Canada. On Oct 5, they kidnapped James Cross, a British trade commisioner. Later, they also captured Pierre LaPorte, Quebec MLA and made demands to Quebec government. Bourassa, premier of Quebec asked for help from Ottawa. Thus, Trudeau imposed War Measures Act, arresting anyone connected. It ended with the killing of LaPorte, and Cross transported to Cuba. -
Joe Clark
1979-1980 Conservative. Defeated in a vote of non-confidence. Trudeau successor of PM. -
USSR invades Afghanistan
The USSR invaded Afghanistan as they wanted more land. Canada participated in this War in 2004. They assisted the Americans and other forces against the Taliban and Al-Qaeda. -
First Referendum on seperation
59% voted on not to seperate -
Patriation of the Constitution
Charter of Rights and Freedoms added to the constitution. Quebec did not sign it. -
Meech Lake Accord
attempt to bring Canada into Constitutional family
Quebec would be a Distinct Society
Manitoba and Newfounland did not sign.
Manitoba did not sign because of Elijah Harper, who did not think Quebec deserved special rights if Aboriginal's did not. -
Brian Mulroney
1984-1993 Conservative. Attempted to sign Meech Lake Accord, Charlottetown Accord to have Quebec sign constitution.
dismantled FIRA, did not like gov regulation.
signed NAFTA, allowed trade freely. Close relation to US -
John Turner
Replaced Trudeau, PM for 3 months -
Berlin Wall is torn down
The Berlin War was torn down because of the decision of Mikhail Gorbachevs' decision to take the army out of Eastern Europe. This ended communism in Europe as he decided to reform communism. This ended the Cold War. As Canada was a member of the UN, Canada kept peace, and attempted to contain Communism in Berlin. -
The Gulf War
Canada was part of the UN force that drove Iraq out of Kuwait, known as Operation Desert Storm. This War only lasted three days. -
Peacekeeping in Yugoslavia
When communism ended in Yugoslavia, war broke out. The Serbs were accused of Genocide, and the UN was sent in to act as peacekeepers. -
Charlottetown Agreement
Mulroney attempted to reach a new agreement.
Changes to the Senate, recognition for Quebecers and Aboriginal as Distinct Society.
Canadians voted against this. -
Somalia: Peacekeeping Failure
A Canadian beat a Somalian to jail, with pictures going viral. It was a hit to Canada's reputation as peacekeepers. Canadian soldiers were convicted of many crimes. -
Bloc Quebecquois as Official Opposition
1994, Parti Quebequois, under JAcques Parizeau promised a second referendum. 50.1% voted not to seperate.
Jean Chertian passed Clarity Act forcing Quebec to ask a clear question on seperation, and more than a simple majority. -
Kim Campbell
Conservative. Replaced Mulroney, not elected. First female PM. -
John Chretian
1993-2003 Liberal. Passed Clarity Act of 1995. Team Canada trade missions to have CEO connections. Paid off lots of debt. Supported Nato in Kosovo, refused to send Cad troops to Iraq, but sent troops to Afghanistan. -
Rwanda: Peacekeeping Failure
Canada was sent by the UN to keep peace in a civil war. A small force was sent under Dallaire. Dallaire asked for help from the government, but no answers were provided. -
Paul Martin
Liberal 2003-2006. Was Jean Chretian finance minister. Lost to Harper in 2006
