-
Building of Fort Lawrence
Colonies and Settlements:
Fort Lawrence enabled trade along the St. Lawrence RIver and populate the eastern edge of Canada. -
Period: to
Canadian History
-
Acadian Deportation
Provincial Notes:
Part of a British military action against New France, forcing out Acadians from the maritime provinces. Another development with tensions between french and english. -
The Beginning of The Seven Years War
BIG6 - Analyze Cause and Consequence:
Wars and Battles:
This event marks the very beginning of tensions between the French and the English in Canada. The seven years war was started because France wanted to combat the growth of the British Empire and further their own. The consequences of this war are primary the strain between the French and English Canadians that still lasts today. -
Beginning of The Battle of The Plains of Abraham
Wars and Battles:
A pivotal moment in the Seven Years' War and in the history of Canada. A British invasion force led by General James Wolfe defeated French troops under the Marquis de Montcalm, leading to the surrender of Québec to the British. -
End of The Battle of The Plains of Abraham
British victory over the French led Canada to be controlled by Britain, angering the French. -
Montreal Surrenders to the English
Colonies and Settlements:
Another development in French/English relations where French culture is under English control. This event is one of many that contribute to today's Canada. -
Treaty of Paris
Documents Acts & Treaties:
This ended the seven years war. In the treaty the French signed over all it's territories in mainland North America, eliminating France's military threat against Britain. Frence, Britain and Spain signed it. -
New France becomes Quebec
BIG 6 Establish Historical Significance:
Provincial Notes:
As a result of the Seven Years war and the Battle of the Plains of Abraham, New France was in British control. As part of a plan to make Canada an English country, New France was named Quebec. This is significant because Quebec is still primarily French today and there are still French and English tensions. This event developed those things that still exist today. -
PEI becomes seperate british colony
Exploration/Discovery: -
Hudson's Bay Company opens Cumberland House in SK
Colonies and Settlements:
Oldest settler community in Saskatchewan. This community was along the river giving it access to trade and other means of transportation. This was also the first inland post established by the Hudson's Bay Company. -
Quebec Act
BIG 6 Take of See Different Historical Perspectives:
Notable Events:
The main purpose of the Quebec Act of 1774 was to meet the needs of the government of the Province of Quebec more effectively. It was also viewed as a means of satisfying the aspirations of French Canadians. The British thought of it more as a way to please them and stop them from complaining, whereas the French saw it as rights they needed and deserved to preserve their culture. -
American invaders assault Quebec
Wars and Battles:
The Americans wished to expand their territory, and saw a way to expand upward into Quebec. -
NorthWest Company competes with Hudson Bay Company
Exploration and Discovery:
These two trading companies "battled" for control over trading in North America. The Hudson Bay Company won this competition and took in the NorthWest company for itself, including all the territory and buisness that came with it. The trade industry was a big source of income for Canada (Britain) at the time. -
American Revolutionary War ends
BIG 6 Identify Continuity and Change:
Wars and Battles:
The American Revolution was a fight between Britain and thirteen of their colonies. The 'United States of America' were the thirteen colonies. These conlonies wanted to be independant from Great Britain, and so there was this war. They succeeded in becoming independant from Britain.
The United States gained independance from Britain just as Canada would do over a century later. -
Border between Canada and U.S. is further established
Exploration and Discovery:
The border between Canada and the U.S. is accepted from the Atlantic Ocean to Lake of the Woods. This haulted the Americans from moving upward into Canada for the next while. -
40 000 United Empire Loyalists immigrate to Canada
Colonies and Settlements
Around 40 000 United Empire Loyalist from the Thirteen Colonies start immigrating to Canada. Most settle in Nova Scotia, Quebec, and New Brunswick (established as a colony separate from Nova Scotia in 1784). Three thousand Black Loyalists settle near Shelburne, Nova Scotia. -
Province of New Brunswick is formed
Provincial Notes:
Another province is added to Canada. -
Iroquois are given two land grants
Documents and Treaties:
After helping the British during the American Revolution, the Iroquois are given two land grants. Thayendanegea (Joseph Brant) settles his followers at the Six Nations Reserve, near Brantford. -
Constitutional Act of 1791
Provincial Notes:
With western Québec filling with English-speaking Loyalists, the Constitutional Act of 1791 divides Québec into Upper and Lower Canada (modern-day Ontario and Quebec). -
Alexander Mackenzie reaches the Pacific Ocean after crossing the Rockies
Exploration and Discovery:
By canoe and on foot, Alexander Mackenzie crosses the Rocky Mountains and the Coast Range, reaching the Pacific Ocean on July 22.
Alexander Mackenzie, first man to cross North America north of Mexico, records his arrival at the Pacific on a rock near Bella Coola, B.C. -
Signing of Jay's Treaty between U.S. and Britain
Documents Acts and Treaties:
BIG 6 Establish Historical Significance:
An American diplomat, John Jay, oversees the signing of Jay's Treaty (Nov. 19) between the U.S. and Britain. It promises British evacuation of the Ohio Valley forts and marks the beginning of international arbitration to settle boundary disputes. This event further solidifies the boundary and separation between Canada (Britain), and the US -
York (now Toronto) becomes the capital of Upper Canada.
-
First Paper Mill Established
Exploration and Discovery:
First paper mill established in Lower Canada, producing paper from cloth rags. -
Le Canadian, a Québec nationalist newspaper, is founded
Documents Acts and Treaties:
This newspaper, still known today, showed the separation between Quebec and the rest of Canada, with Quebec having it's own French only newspaper. -
Slavery is abolished in British colonies
BIG 6 Understand the Ethical Dimensions of Historical Interpretations:
Governors and Prime Ministers:
Slavery being abolished in all British colonies puts Canada ahead of the united states in abolishing racism which still exists today. Ending slavery meant ending the misstreatment of a group of people. -
Fulton sails Hudson River in first steamboat
Exploration and Discovery:
this event progresses Canada's culture and technology forward. -
United States declares war on Britain (the War of 1812)
Wars and Battles:
As a colony of Great Britain, Canada was swept up in the War of 1812 and was invaded a number of times by the Americans. -
Treaty of Ghent ends war of 1812
Documents Acts and Treaties:
returns captured land to the Americans -
Americans burn York
BIG 6 Analyze Cause and Consequence
Wars and Battles:
York, current day Toronto, was burned by the Americans as part of the War of 1812. This inspired many future conflicts between Canada and the US and shows the sibling rivalry between the two that still exists today. -
Canada's border is defined as the 49th Parallel
Exploration and Discovery:
Canada's border is defined as the 49th Parallel from Lake of the Woods to the Rocky Mountains. -
Hudson's Bay Company absorbs North West Company
Colonies and Settlements:
Hudson's Bay Company dominates trading in NorthAmerica -
Act of Union is rejected in British Parliament
BIG 6 Take or See Different Historical Perspectives:
Documents Acts and Treaties:
Louis-Joseph Papineau, a member of the legislative assembly since 1814, travels from Montréal to England to oppose an Act of Union identifying the French Canadians as a minority without language rights. The act is not passed in the British Parliament. This is a big step forward for the French, as the English had been surpressing their rights to language and culture for many years. French is now the second language -
Welland Canal completed
Colonies and Settlements:
The first Welland Canal is completed, partly in response to American initiatives in the Erie Canal. Erie Canal completed in 1825 by the State of New York providing waterway between Buffalo on Lake Erie and Albany on the Hudson River, the greatest single transportation factor in early settlement of the lake region and growth of lake navigation Work on Welland Canal starts. -
the last of the Beothuks dies
Notable Events:
Shawnandithit, the last of the Beothuks, dies at about age twenty-eight in St. John's, Newfoundland. -
The first railway in Canada opens
BIG 6 Identify Continuity and Change:
Exploration and Discovery:
Running from La Prairie to St. John's, Quebec the first railway enabled faster transportation within Canada and ultimately united Canada with the completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway. -
Unsuccessful rebellions against Canadian government
Governors and Prime Ministers:
Along with a general feeling that the government was not democratic, the failure of the executive committee to maintain the confidence of the elected officials leads to violent but unsuccessful rebellions in Upper and Lower Canada. The leaders, W.L. Mackenzie (Reformers) and Louis-Joseph Papineau (Patriotes), both flee to the U.S. -
Lord Durham comes to Canada as governor.
Governors and Prime Ministers:
He recommends that the governments of the colonies should be chosen by the people's elected representatives.This leads to Canada's current democratic system. -
Lord Durham's report urges changes for Canada
Provincial Notes:
Durham Report urges responsible government and political union for Lower and Upper Canada, and assimilation for French Canadians. -
Upper and West Canada
BIG 6 Establish Historical Significance:
Colonies and Settlements:
Upper Canada becomes Canada West, and Lower Canada becomes Canada East: they are united into Province of Canada. This is the beginning of uniting Canada in a way that still remains today. -
Victoria
Colonies and Settlements:
Work starts on the Vancouver Island HBC post that will become Victoria. -
Oregon Treaty/49th Parrell
Documents Acts and treaties:
Oregon Treaty sets the 49th parallel as the western Canada/U.S. boundary. -
Franklin Expedition Abandoned
Exploration and Discovery:
Franklin expedition ships Erbus and Terror abandoned. All 130 expeditions members will perish. -
Canada's first postage stamp is issued
\Notable Events:
It was a three-penny stamp with a beaver on it. -
Canada signs Reciprocity Treaty with the U.S.
BIG 6 Establish Historical Significance:
Documents Acts and Treaties:
Canada and the U.S. sign a Reciprocity Treaty, ensuring reduction of customs duties. This makes Canada's market more appealing, and increases trade between the US and Canada. -
Chinese Immigrants arrive in Canada
BIG 6 Understand the Ethical Dimensions:
Colonies and Settlements:
Chinese immigrants from California arrive in British Columbia, attracted by the Fraser River Gold Rush. These immigrants would be used to build the CPR, with Canada abusing the rights of these people. -
Gold is discovered in the sandbars of the Fraser River.
Exploration and Discovery:
Some twenty thousand miners rush to the area, and it comes under British rule as the colony of British Columbia. -
Cornerstone Parliament Building laid
Governors and Prime Ministers:
The cornerstone of the Parliament buildings is laid. -
BNA Act
BIG 6 Identify Continuity and Change:
Documents Acts and Treaties:
British parliament passes the British North America Act. It adds on to the existing structure and updates it for the future. This act defines the majoity of Canada's government structure. -
Confederation of Canada
Provincial Notes/Colonies and Settlements/Governors and Prime MInisters:
Confederation: New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Quebec, and Ontario form the Dominion of Canada. John A. Macdonald becomes the first prime minister. -
First Woman Doctor in Canada
Notable Events:
Emily Stowe, the first woman doctor in Canada, begins to practice medicine in Toronto. -
Red River Rebellion begins
Wars and Battles:
Louis Riel and Métis occupy Lower Fort Garry. The red River Rebellion has begun. -
Manitoba and Northwest Territories join Confederation.
Provincial Notes:
The new province was much smaller than today's Manitoba. -
British Columbia and Prince Edward Island join confederation
Provincial Notes:
This further fleshed out today's Canada -
Prime Minister Sir John Macdonald resigns
Governors and Prime Ministers:
Prime Minister Sir John Macdonald resigns as a result of scandal over the partial financing of the Conservative election campaign by the Canadian Pacific Railway Company. -
Jennie Trout becomes the first woman licensed to practice medicine in Canada
Notable Events:
Jennie Trout becomes the first woman licensed to practice medicine in Canada, although Emily Stowe has been doing so without a license in Toronto since 1867. -
The Supreme Court of Canada is established.
BIG 6 Understand the Ethical Dimensions:
Documents Acts and Treaties:
The Supreme Court of Canada is established. This gave way to Canada's judicial system that is still used today, and used as a model for justice in other countries. -
Pacific Railway Labourers
BIG 6 Understand the Ethical Dimensions:
Notable Events:
The Canadian Pacific Railway recruits thousands of underpaid Chinese Labourers. The mistreatment of these labourers had effects many years later with resentment of European Canadians by the workers, and for good reason. Canada was being hypocritial after having already abolished slavery, and using these people much like slaves. -
Batoche
Wars and Battles:
The Métis are defeated at Batoche. This leads to the handing of Louis Riel, an uproar in Quebec, and tensions between French and the English as well as English and Metis and First Nations. -
Louis Riel Hanging
Governors and Prime Ministers:
Louis Riel is hanged in Regina causing an uproar in Quebec. -
Last Spike in The CPR driven
Exploration and Discovery:
Last spike of the CPR driven at Craigellachie, British Columbia. This is a step towards uniting all of Canada. -
Funding for Catholic Schools cut by Liberals
Governors and Prime Ministers:
Manitoba Liberals under Thomas Greenway halt public funding of Catholic schools. This puts a strain on French and English relations. -
Laurier wins Federal Election
BIG 6 Establishing Historical Significance:
Governors and Prime Ministers:
Liberals under Laurier (the first French Canadian prime minister) win federal election partly on the Manitoba Schools Question, though his compromises are not instituted until 1897. Because language and religion were closely tied, there was concern in Quebec and other French speaking parts of Canada that the French language would be abolished. -
Yukon Territory joins Confederation
Provincial Notes:
Canada grows -
Canadian Troops sent to South Africa
Notable Events/ Wars and Battles:
The first Canadian troops sent overseas participate in the Boer War in South Africa. -
Canada loses Alaska
Provincial Notes:
Canada loses the Alaska boundary dispute when British tribunal representative Lord Alverstone sides with the U.S.. Silver is discovered in Northern Ontario. So this is why we have a funny chunk out of the side of the country that belongs to the US, but fits more with Canada.... -
Saskatchewan and Alberta join Confederation
Colonies and Settlements:
Saskatchewan and Alberta join Confederation. Immigrants rush to settle in the plains, mainly as wheat farmers. -
First ship to sail the Northwest Passage
BIG 6 Establish Historical Significance:
Exploration and Discovery:
Roald Amundsen's Gjoa reaches Nome, Alaska, after becoming the first ship to sail the Northwest Passage. The Northwest Passage would later become famous for the voyages through it and Canada having to protect it to reserve access to the arctic. -
Royal Canadian Navy formed.
Wars and Battles:
We have our own Navy division, apart from the British. -
Free trade rejected under Liberals
BIG 6 Establish Historical Significance:
Documents Acts and Treaties:
A proposal for free trade between the United States and Canada is rejected in a fiercely contested general election. This impacts trade today. -
New Conservative Gov't voted in,
Governors and Prime Ministers:
The Liberal government, under Wilfrid Laurier, is replaced by a Conservative government led by Sir William Borden. -
British declare war on Germany
BIG 6 Analyze Cause and Consequence:
Wars and Battles:
Britain declares war on Germany, automatically drawing Canada into the conflict. This war had a huge impact on Canada, helping it to achieve independent status from Britain by it's success in the war, as well as taking a toll on Canadians with many deaths and effecting the economy. -
Canada commits 25,000 troops to support England.
-
Bloody Saturday
Wars and Battles:
A call for union recognition, a general strike expands to Winnipeg (May 19-June 26). A bomb by the RCMP on Bloody Saturday kills one and injures thirty (June 21). -
Mackenzie King and the Liberals win federal election.
-
First woman elected to Parliament
Notable Events
Agnes Macphail becomes the first woman elected to Parliament -
Andrew Bonar becomes leader of Conservative Party
Andrew Bonar Law of New Brunswick became leader of the Conservatives in England and then prime minister, post that he held for 209 days before resigning because of bad health. He moved to England in 1900 and became a MP. -
Newfoundland women receive the right to vote.
BIG 6 Establish Historical Significance
Provincial Events:
Newfoundland women receive the right to vote. This event shows Canada progressing in culture. Eventually the right to vote would be extended to First Nations people as well. -
Britain's Privy Council awards Labrador to Newfoundland
Provincial Notes:
Labrador is given to Newfoundland instead of Quebec. This strengthens tensions between French and English Canadians. -
women are legally declared "persons"
Notable Events:
The British Privy Council reverses the Supreme Court decision of 1928, and women are legally declared "persons" -
Great Depression Begins
North American stock markets crash and the Great Depression begins. -
Statute of Westminster
BIG 6 Establish Historical Significance:
Documents Acts and Treaties:
This grants Canada control over internal and external affairs. This is one more step towards Canada's independance. -
Bank of Canada created
Notable Events:
The Bank of Canada is created with a mandate to be the sole issuer of Canadian bank notes. The first issue of bank notes was unilingual English or French, becoming bilingual in 1937. -
Heat wave of The Prairies
Notable Events:
Seven hundred and eighty Canadians died when temperatures exceeded 42 degrees Celsius from Alberta to Ontario, in Canada's longest and deadliest heat wave. -
Franklin D. Roosevelt is the first U.S. president to make an official visit to Canada
Governors and Prime Ministers:
Franklin D. Roosevelt is the first U.S. president to make an official visit to Canada, meeting Mackenzie King in Kingston. -
Canada declares war on Germany
BIG 6 Analyzing Cause and Consequence:
Wars and Battles:
Britain declares war so Canada has to as well. This war would help Canada to be independant from Britain, but at a great cost. -
Pearl Harbour
The Japanese attack the U.S. Naval base at Pearl Harbor, in Hawaii, and Canada declares war on Japan. -
Japanese evacuated from Canada
BIG 6 Understand Ethical Dimensions:
Provincial Notes/Wars and Battles:
Due to Pearl Harbour and WWII
About 22000 Canadians of Japanese descent are stripped of non- portable possessions, interned and evacuated as security risks. This altered the relationship between Canada and it's immigrants. -
Dieppe Raid
Notable Events:
Dieppe raid leaves 907 Canadians dead. 1, 946 capture. -
Invasion of Normandy France as part of WW2
Wars and Battles:
This event prooved Canada could hold it's own, which further gave Canada indepandance from Britain and respect from other countries. -
Canada joins the Korean War
Wars and Battles:
Volunteers in the Canadian Army Special Force join the United Nations forces in the Korean War. -
1st Canadian Subway
The first Canadian subway opens in Toronto. -
Hurricane Hazel
Notable Events:
Hurricane Hazel kills eighty-three people in Ontario -
The Liberals use closure to limit the Pipeline Debate
BIG 6 Analyze Cause and Consequence:
Governors and Prime Ministers:
This Pipline Debate is over funding the natural gas industry and the proper parliamentary procedure with it. This contributes directly to their parliamentary defeat. -
Socialized medicine is introduced
Socialized medicine is introduced in Saskatchewan leading to a doctors’ strike. -
Trans Canada Highway opens
BIG 6 Analyze Cause and Consequence:
Exploration and Discovery:
This event, like the railway, joins Canada together and gives Canadians another way to get across Canada. -
Canada becomes the third nation in space
Notable Events:
Canada becomes the third nation in space with the launch of the satellite Alouette I. -
Front de libération du Québec (FLQ) sets off bombs in Montréal
Front de libération du Québec (FLQ) sets off bombs in Montréal spurring a national crisis (October Crisis) where government officials are kidnapped and the War Measures Act is put in place by PM Trudeau. -
October Crisis
War and Battles:
British trade commissioner James Cross is kidnapped by the
Québec's labour and immigration minister Pierre Laporte is kidnapped (Oct. 10) and later found murdered. The War Measures Act is put in place (Oct. 16), banning the FLQ and leading to almost 500 arrests. -
The federal government officially adopts a policy of multiculturalism
Documents Acts and Treaties:
Multiculturalism is on the rise in Canada, and the government recognizes that. -
Canada abolishes death penalty
BIG 6 Understand the Ethical Dimensions.
Notable Events:
Canada abolishes the death penalty after deciding that it is unethical. -
Québec passes Bill 101
Documents Acts and Treaties:
Restricting English schooling to children of parents who had been educated in English schools -
Terry Fox dies of cancer
BIG 6 Use Primary Evidence:
The Terry Fox run for cancer is still in effect today. We participate in this at school every year and more money is now raised for cancer research than ever before.
Notable Events:
Terry Fox dies of cancer in the middle of his cross-Canada Marathon of Hope. His leadership in raising awareness for cancer raises more than 25 million dollars soon after and international fame. -
Québec bans public signs in English (Sept. 23)
Documents Acts and Treaties:
Québec bans public signs in English. This strains French and English relations once again. -
The Calgary Winter Olympics
Notable Events:
The world spotlight comes to Canada with hosting the Olympics. -
Free Trade comes into effect.
Documents Acts and Treaties:
Free trade between Canada and the United States encourages trade between the two countries and decreases Canada's trade with other countries, but boosts Canada's economy due to oil trade. -
Nunavut is formed
The federal government settles a land claim with the Inuit that will give them 350 000 square km of territory in the North, to be called Nunavut. -
Charlottetown Accord
Documents Acts and Treaties:
Canadians vote "no" in a referendum seeking popular support for the Charlottetown Agreement, intended as a corrective to the Canadian Constitution in the wake of the failed Meech Lake Accord. -
Kim Campbell becomes Prime Minister
Governors and Prime Ministers:
Kim Campbell had a very short term in office as the prime minister before her set her up for failure. She was the first and only female Prime Minister. -
NAFTA comes into effect
Notable Events:
The North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) comes into effect, linking Canada, the United States, and Mexico in a new economic partnership. -
Quebec votes in referendum
BIG 6 Establish Historical Significance:
Documents Acts and Treaties:
This is the closest vote in history for Quebec's separation from Canada. Tensions were at an all time high with a vote of 50.6% against separation. It was a close call, but there has been no referendum since. -
Annotated Bibliography part 1
"Important Moments in Canadian History." 1968 to Present ::. Web. 19 Jan. 2016.
used for significant events from the late 60's to 2000 "Important Moments in Canadian History." 1946 to 1967 ::. Web. 19 Jan. 2016.
used for events from mid 1940's to late 1960's "Important Moments in Canadian History." 1919 to 1945 ::. Web. 19 Jan. 2016.
used for events from 1920'2 to 1940's "Important Moments in Canadian History." 1868 to 1918 ::. Web. 19 Jan. 2016.
used for events from the 1860's to the 192 -
Annotated Bibliography part 2
http://globalnews.ca/news/1420149/timeline-notable-dates-in-the-history-of-canada/ "War of 1812." War of 1812. Web. 19 Jan. 2016.
used for information on wars and conflicts "Canada." Canada. Web. 19 Jan. 2016. used for significants events from 1750 onwards.
