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the west was severely shaken in 410 when the city of Rome was plundered by the Visigoths which was a wandering nation of Germanic people from the northeast.
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Islam originated in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7th century.
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Battle of Tours also called Battle of Poitiers, victory won by Charles Martel the de facto ruler of the Frankish kingdoms over Muslim invaders from Spain. The battlefield cannot be exactly located, but it was fought in Tours and Poitiers
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Charlemagne was crowned "emperor of romans" leading to the restoration of the roman empire in the west for the first time.
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the treaty of Verdun divided the Frankish Empire into three kingdoms among the surviving sons of the emperor Louis.
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the crusades were organized by the Europeans also known as the Christians after the Muslims were killing great masses of the Europe's and controlling their land this caused the first crusade
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the magna carta was document that guaranteed English political liberties.
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the hundred-year war was a struggle between England and France in the 14th-15th century. they came into an argument over a series of issues including English territorial possessions in France and the succession of the French throne.
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the black death was a dangerous disease caused by bacteria which infected fleas which spread onto animals such as rodents. soon enough it was spread to humans causing it to spread rapidly killing almost half the population.
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after sailing the Atlantic Ocean Columbus discovered land and which is now known as America.