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John Locke
Published “An Essay Concerning Human Understanding,” which laid the foundation for empiricism and the idea that the mind is a blank slate (tabula rasa) at birth. -
WIlhelm Wundt
Established the first experimental psychology lab in Leipzig, Germany, marking the formal beginning of psychology as a scientific discipline. -
William James
Published “The Principles of Psychology,” which introduced functionalism and emphasized the adaptive purpose of consciousness and behavior. -
Sigmund Freud
Published “The Interpretation of Dreams,” introducing psychoanalysis and the concept of the unconscious mind. -
Ivan Pavlov
Conducted experiments on classical conditioning, demonstrating how stimuli can be associated with reflexive responses. -
John B. Watson
Published “Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It,” which established behaviorism and emphasized the study of observable behavior. -
Jean Piaget
Published “The Language and Thought of the Child,” introducing his theory of cognitive development in children. -
B.F. Skinner
Published “The Behavior of Organisms,” which introduced operant conditioning and the concept of reinforcement. -
Carl Rogers
Published “Client-Centered Therapy,” which emphasized the importance of the therapeutic relationship and introduced the concept of unconditional positive regard. -
Abraham Maslow
Published “Motivation and Personality,” introducing the hierarchy of needs and the concept of self-actualization. -
Albert Bandura
Conducted the Bobo doll experiment, demonstrating the principles of social learning theory and the importance of observational learning.