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Plessy v. Ferguson
Homer Plessy, who was seven-eighths caucasian, decided to challenge the Separate Car Act in Louisiana. The Separate Car Act was set in place to have the cars on trains for either white people or black people. Under law, Plessy was considered of African American decent. He refused when asked to leave a white car and was arrested. -
Plessy v. Ferguson (DECIDED)
The court case went on for a little over a month. Plessy’s lawyers argued that the Separate Car Act was against the thirteenth and fourteenth amendments. The judge claimed that Louisiana could enforce the law because it affected railroads within its boundaries. The trial was decided and Plessy was convicted. -
Brown v. Board of Education
This case was part of a consolidation of cases including places in Kansas, South Carolina, Virginia, Delaware, and Washington, d.c. The case is about segregation throughout public schools. Multiple African American children were denied access to join public schools, solely on the basis of race. -
Brown v. Board of Education (RETRIAL
This case was taken to the courts again to argue against the actions taken place a year ago. It was argued this time that it went against the 14th amendment “Equal Protection Clause”. -
Brown v. Board of Education (DECIDED)
The plaintiffs were denied relief in the lower courts. It was decided that racial segregation of public facilities was legal if the facilities for blacks and whites were equal. Henceforth the term, “Separate but Equal”. -
Title IX
Title IX was passed to prohibit sexual discrimination in educational institutes that received federal funding. The US Department of Education gave the law a broad scope that also covered sexual harassment and sexual violence. Schools were legally required to respond and solve hostile educational environments. Not responding could be considered a violation to the law and the school would loose funding. -
Education of all Handicapped Children Act
EHA was established to start trying to meet needs and improving results for all ages of people with disabilities and their families. In 1970, 1 in 5 children with disabilities was educated. Some laws excluded deaf, blind, emotionally disturbed or if they had intellectual disabilities. The US went from excluding 1.8 million children with disabilities to providing 7.5 million children with disabilities with special education programs (stats from 2018-2019 school year.) -
Pyler v. Doe
A revision that was made to the Texas education laws in 1975 allowed the State to withhold from funding the local school districts for educating children of illegal immigrants. It was decided together with Texas v. Certain named and Unnamed Alien Child. -
Pyler v. Doe (DECIDED)
They argued that even though the children are not citizens, they are still people so the fourteenth amendment applies to them still. The state law disadvantaged children of illegal immigrants by denying them proper education, so Court struck down the law. -
New Jersey v. T.L.O.
A teacher caught two girls smoking, one admitted to it, one refused. The Principal searched the girl’s, T.L.O., purse and found evidence as well as that she was selling in school. T.L.O. was taken to police. She admitted to selling. She was then taken to court. T.L.O. argued that the searching of her purse was against the 4th amendment. The court sided with the school. -
New Jersey v. T.L.O. - DECIDED
T.L.O. took the decision to the New Jersey Supreme Court. They decided that it was unreasonable and that the evidence couldn’t be used. New Jersey appealed it to the US Supreme Court. They decided that it was reasonable and that administrators don’t need search warrants or probable cause before searching because students have reduced expectations of privacy during school. -
Title IX - Revamped
Close to forty years after Title IX was put in place, a new Title IX rule was introduced. It took away some of the protection, making it easier for schools to sweep sexual harassment and sexual violence under the rug and completely pretend it didn’t happen.