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William Lyon Mackenzie
Mackenzie published a newspaper called "The Colonial Advocate" that first issued reformist ideas and greatly critizing The Family Compact. Starting the push for a new government and that leads to confederation. -
The Rebellion of Lower Canada
November: Battle of St Charles
December: Battle of Montgomery's Tavern
The Patriots against The British Troops. -
Louis Joseph Papineau
Moderate reformer of the Patriot Party, Papineau wrote the 92 Resolutions that called for responsible government in Lower Canada. -
Period: to
The Complete Confederation of Canada
The events of Canada becoming whole during the years of 1837 to 1999 -
The New Upper Canada
William Lyon Mackenzie proclaimed the republic of Upper Canada after being influenced by the Americans. -
The New Lower Canada
Robert Nelson proclaimed the republic of Lower Canada by being greatly influenced by the Americans -
Lord Durham's Recommendations Leading to Confederation
Before he left for Britain, Lord Durham has recommended that Upper and Lower Canada be joined together. Although Lower Canada was opposed to the idea, Upper Canada favoured the plan and acted upon it. However, he had also recommended that responsible government was needed; Britain, Family Comapst and Chateau Clique opposed. Many thought that this would make Canada's governmant weak and their enemies stronger, so majority of Upper and Lower Canada were opposed to the idea of Union. -
Lord Durham
February of 1838, he was armed Governal Gerneral to succed John Colbourne. In May of 1838, he was given responsibility of studying the causes of the Rebellions of Upper and Lower Canada and recomending solutions. In the attempt to ease the tension, he granted amnesty (pardoned) to the patriots, who were caught, in 1837, and exiled others without political consent. Angered from the British Government, he submitted his report and resigned in November of 1838 -
Act of Union
Act of Union was passed by British Parliament to allow Upper and Lower Canada to join as one. Allowing Canada to come colser and see what confederation would be like. -
Upper and Lower Canada Unite
Abolishment of Parliament of Upper and Lower Canada, merging into two colonies to make a single one. -
Repealing Corn Laws
The British government repealed the Corn Laws, ( laws which protected agriculture in the British Empire by limiting the import of grain from other countries), which were part of the Navigation Acts and gave preferential treatment to the British colonies. Canadian grain came into Britain with lower tariffs than grain form other countries. This helped canadian producers by increasing profit, but limiting the import of grains. This drove colonies into a economic depression. -
Rebellion Losses Bill
The Bill was to compensate Canadians who lost property during the rebellions of 1837, which was signed by Lord Elgin. The Loyalists were angered since this also compensated the rebels who destroyed the country. -
Act of Amnesty
An Act of Amnesty provides for W.L. Mackenzie's return from exile in the U.S.Mackenzies return encouraged confederation because it showed the need for a new government. -
Canadian - American Reciprocity Treaty
Treaty between united provinces of Canada and United States, that reduces taxes, customs and tolls. This caused economic depression in the Canadian clonies. -
New Capital of United Canada
Queen Victoria chooses Ottawa as the new capital of the United Province of Canada. -
The American Civil War
This war hightened the threat when it ended in 1865. The army of the victorious nothern states could have easily invaded Canada because it had more soldiers than the totoal population in all of the Canadian colonies. -
Quebec Conference
Was opened to continue of how union would work ( decideing who got what power and responsibilities), which lasted nearly 3 weeks. All the decisions that they agreed on were called the Quebec Resolutions. Although, during conference, PEI emerged dissapointed and backed out of confederation as well as NFLD -
Charlottetown Conference
The Charlottetown conference was planned as a meeting wtih leaders of the three Maritime provinces in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. They wanted to discuss the possibility of a union among the Maritime provinces. The leaders of Canada East and West asked to attend the conference because they wanted to convince the Maritimers to join a larger union. In the result of the conference, the delegates from NS, NB and PEI gave a positive answer, and agreed to meet again in Quebec. -
London Conference
Held leaders from NB, NS, and the Provinces of Canada took the rough draft of the Quebec Resolutions to London to settle on a final agreement which was given "Royal Assent". The final agreement was called the British North America Act passed by British Parliament with the date of union set for July 1, 1867. -
New Provinces Joining Canada
New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Ontario and Quebec all joined together as Canada. -
John A Macdonald
A man who became the first Prime Minister of Canada, and the first to bring most of the provinces together into Canada. He also was the leading figure of the discussions and conferences, which resulted in the British North America Act and the new birthing of Canada as a nation on July 1, 1867 -
Manifest Destiny
Canadians had suspected the Americans in having a idea of Manifest Destiny , ( an idea that it was fate of the United States to control all of North America) that also pushed the Canadians into Confederation of all provinces. -
More Provinces and Territories Join Canada
Manitoba and Northwest Territories join The Provinces of Canada. -
British Columbia
British Columbia decides to join The Provinces of Canada -
Yukon Territory
Yukon Territory decides to join The Provinces of Canada -
Alberta and Saskatchewan
Alberta and Saskatchewan are the last provinces to join The Provinces of Canada -
World War I Begins
Canada enters the first world war and its economy is impacted greatly pushing the need for confederation between provinces. -
Newfoundland and Labrador
The last province to join Canada -
Nunavut Joined Canada
The Northwest Territories Seperated into two different territories, the one farthest east being called Nunavut. This seperation was because the Inuit people wanted to make their own decicions regarding land and government. This completed the 10 provinces and 3 territories of Cananda.
