Timeline #5 Between the Wars

Social Darwinism

1859

1. Originated in Britain, the theory that groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals (On the Origin of Species 1859).
2. Social Darwinism was advocated by Herbert Spencer was used to justify political conservatism, imperialism, and racism and to discourage intervention and reform.
3. Darwin had write about a work that critics interpreted as justifying cruel social policies at home and imperialism abroad name as The Descent of Man (1871).

Frances Willard

1876

1. She was chosen corresponding secretary of the national Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU). In 1876 she also became head of the national WCTU’s publications committee.
2. WCTU quickly evolved into a well-organized group able to mount campaigns of public education and political pressure on many fronts.
3. In 1877, she left the national WCTU to help the issues of liquor prohibition and woman suffrage. She had help to pass the passage of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Amendment.

Tin Pan Alley

1900

1. Genre of American popular music that arose in the late 19th century from the American song-publishing industry the name given to the collection of New York City music publishers.
2. Its name became synonymous with American popular music in general because it include the commercial music of songwriters of ballads, dance music, and vaudeville.
3. When these genres first became prominent, home consumption, songwriters, and popular performers. The growth of film, audio recording, and television.

Federal Reserve System

Dec 23, 1913

1. The Federal Reserve was created on December 23, 1913, when President Woodrow Wilson signed the Federal Reserve Act into law.
2. It was created on December 23, 1913, with the enactment of the Federal Reserve Act, after a series of financial panics, events such as the Great Depression and the Great Recession.
3. It was created by the Congress to provide the nation with a safer, more flexible, and more stable monetary and financial system. The U.S. was divided geographically into 12 Districts.

The Great Migrations

1916

1. In the end 1919, more than 1 million African-American move to the cities of the North by train, boat or bus or even horse-drawn carts.
2. The African-American don't have many good jobs for them, they began to build a new place for themselves in public life and face to confronting racial prejudice or discrimination.
3. African-American move to the north because they are want to have opportunities and the economic motivations, and they hope to escape oppressive economic conditions in the south

1st Red Scare (1917)

Nov 7, 1917

1. The First Red Scare was a time of the United States marked by a widespread fear of Russia’s Bolshevik Revolution (1917) and anarchist bombings.
2. The end of WW I, Bolshevik Revolution in Russia which led many to fear that immigrants, a fear-driven, anti-communist movement intended to overthrow the United States government.
3. November, 7, 1917 with forces that number no more than 250,000 marks the Bolshevik seizure of power, and after that formed immediately 15 member Politburo.

Prohibition & 18th Amendment

1919

1. Anti-Saloon League, Temperance League, Women’s Christian, Temperance Union, etc...all this group had establish call to banned or prohibition alcohol.
2. This amendment took effect in 1919 and was a huge failure because this unpopular amendment banned the sale and drinking of alcohol in the U.S.
3. This act also defined strict limits on beverages containing alcohol, the content would be no more than .5% because when people drink too much alcohol they cannot control themselves.

Marcus Garvey

1919

1. Born in Jamaica, Marcus Garvey was an orator, a proponent and advanced a Pan-African philosophy which inspired a global mass movement, Black nationalism.
2. 1919 with the Red Summer of nationwide racial disturbances. Not long after his arrival, Garvey quietly organized a chapter known as Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA).
3. With Garvey's talent and magnetic personality, after few years, UNIA had over eight million followers with 900 branches in 40 different countries.

Harlem Renaissance

1920

1. The Harlem Renaissance was the development in New York City, a period flourishing of African American musical, literary, and artistic talent.
2. By 1920, some 300,000 African Americans move to Harlem -was one of the most popular place for these families.
3. It marked a moment the intellectual contributions of Blacks by their identity intellectually and linked their struggle to that of all blacks people and rebirth of African-American arts.

Jazz music

1920

1. Jazz had originated in New Orleans, considered the only truly “American” music frequently played in speakeasies; many saw it as corrupting youth.
2. Jazz was a cultural period include both new styles of music and dance emerged that took place in America during the 1920s.
3. Jazz music influenced all aspects of society upon popular culture and fashion in the 1920s, and most white, upper middle class listeners.

Warren G. Harding's return to normalcy

1920

1. After WWI, economic stagnation and the failing Presidency of Woodrow Wilson, Warren G. Harding ran for president on a promise to a return to the way of life before WWI.
2. In 1920, he won the general election in a landslide, he favored pro-business policies and limited immigration.
3. His message resonated with voters' conservative postwar mood; and he won the election. However, he did speak out against racism and ended the exclusion of African Americans from federal positions.

Langston Hughes

1920

1. Hughes in New York City's Harlem, this place had influence his thinking, he was known as a important writers and creative genius, humor, and spirituality.
2. During the 1920s, it the time of burgeoning Black intellectualism in an age of racial oppression. Hughes had write "Harlem (Dream Deferred)" is the most his famous poem to condemned racism.
3. His literary works helped shape American literature and politics, and he was a person contributor to the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s.

Tea Pot Dome Scandal

1922

1. The Teapot Dome Scandal was a bribery incident that took place in the United States from 1921 to 1922, during the administration of President Warren G. Harding.
2. Before the Watergate scandal, Teapot Dome was regarded as the "greatest and most sensational scandal in the history of American politics".
3. A government scandal involving a former United States Navy oil reserve in Wyoming that was secretly leased to a private oil company in 1921.

Clarence Darrow

1924

1. Clarence Darrow agreed to join the ACLU in the defense, and the stage was set for one of the most famous trials ( Monkey Trial ) in U.S. history.
2. He was a lawyer, he had save Richard Loeb and Nathan Leopold from a death sentence for the murder of 14-year-old Robert Franks in Chicago, in 1924.
3. Darrow defended several war protesters charged with violating sedition laws. In Sweet case, he won acquittal for a black family that had fought against a mob trying to expel it from its residence.

William Jennings Bryan

1925

1. He was an American orator, politician and the three-time Democratic presidential candidate and a fundamentalist hero, volunteered to assist the prosecution.
2. He was helping Woodrow Wilson (28th) become president. Bryan campaigned for peace, prohibition and suffrage, and increasingly criticized the teaching of evolution.
3. In 1925, he joined the prosecution in the trial of John Scopes. Bryan give ignorance of science and archaeology. He died after the conclusion of the Monkey Trial.

Henry Ford

1925

1. He developed the assembly line and conveyor belt to speed up motor production. Ford's River Rouge plant in Michigan became the largest factory in the world.
2. His famous car is the Model T Ford because it cost less than $300 in the mid-1920s, soon almost every American family had a car.
3. Ford begin production of Ford tri-motor airplanes, was one of the first airplanes used by America's early commercial airlines, the plane helped spur the creation of the commercial airline industry.

Scopes Monkey Trial

Jul 20, 1925

1. This trial talk about a young high school science teacher, John Thomas Scopes, accused of teaching evolution in violation Tennessee state law.
2. At that time, they are forbid the teaching of any theory that denied the biblical story of Creationism and Scopes fined $100.
3. The trial attracted worldwide attention as a dramatic duel between fundamentalism and modernism. After the Trial, Creationism was the only theory that was taught in science classrooms for years.

Charles A. Lindbergh

May 20, 1927

1. He was a famous aviator because making the first successfully solo fly an airplane across the Atlantic Ocean, he also helped make Missouri a leader in the developing world of aviation.
2. "We" is the about he had publish to talk about Lindbergh and his his transatlantic flight.
3. Lindbergh learned about the pioneer rocket research of Robert H. Goddard, development satellites, and space travel, he also worked for several airlines as a technical adviser.

The Great Depression

1929

1. From 1929 to 1939, and was the worst economic downturn in the history of the industrialized world, after the stock market crash
2. Panicking investors who had lost faith in the American economy. Steep declines in industrial output and employment as failing companies laid off workers.
3. Although President Herbert Hoover attempted to spark growth in the economy, these measures did little to solve the crisis. Roosevelt’s New Deal offered a new approach to the Great Depression.

Stock Market Crash "Black Tuesday"

Oct 29, 1929

1. The stock market crash of 1929, it did act to accelerate the global economic collapse of which it was also a symptom and it made the seller panicked.
2. On the New York Stock Exchange (four times the normal volume at the time), and the Dow Jones Industrial Average fell -12%. Black Tuesday is one of the reason of the Great Depression.
3. Production has already declined and unemployment had risen, leaving stocks in great excess of their real value, nearly half of America’s banks had failed.

The Dust Bowl

1930

1. The Dust Bowl of the 1930s lasted about a decade. Its primary area of impact was on the southern Plains. The northern Plains were effected the drought, windblown dust and agricultural decline.
2. The Dust Bowl intensified the crushing economic impacts of the Great Depression and drove many farming families on a desperate migration.
3. A combination of a severe water shortage and harsh farming techniques create it. People can't even do the simple acts of life.

"Relief, Recovery, Reform"

1933

1. Relief- action taken to halt the economies deterioration. Recovery- programs to restart the flow of consumer demand. Reform- programs to avoid another depression and insure citizens against economic disasters.
2. Known as the 'Three R's', were introduced by President F.D.R. during the Great Depression to address the problems of mass unemployment and the economic crisis.
3. The many Relief, Recovery and Reform programs were initiated by a series of laws that were passed between 1933 and 1938.

Eleanor Roosevelt

1933

1. Eleanor Roosevelt was a key figure in several of the most important social reform movements: the Progressive movement, the New Deal, the Women's Movement, the struggle for racial justice.
2. In White House, she has a key voice to for appointing women to positions in the administration, improving the plight of the unemployed.
3. She worked to boost morale important to American troops, encourage volunteerism on the home front and championed women employed in the defense industry.

The New Deal

1933

1. Aimed at three R's--relief, recovery, and reform to combat the effects of the Great Depression during the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt.
2. Over the next eight years, New Deal, that aimed to restore some measure of dignity and prosperity to many Americans, changed the federal government’s relationship to the U.S. populace.
3. Encompassed national planning laws and programs for the impoverished from 1933 1934 by reforms in industry, agriculture, finance, water power, labor, and housing.

20th Amendment

Jan 23, 1933

1. This amendment was ratified on January 23, 1933. If president die, vice president with qualified will become new president, and shall end at noon on the 20th day of January.
2. At noon on the 3d day of January, The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year.
3. If the President elect shall have failed to qualify, then the Vice President elect shall act as President until a President shall have qualified.

Civillian Conservation Corp

Apr 5, 1933

1. During the Great Depression, more than 25% of the population was unemployed,and Franklin Delano Roosevelt was inaugurated in March of 1933.
2. Over the course of its nine years in operation, 3 million young men participated in the CCC, which provided them with shelter, clothing, and food, together with a wage.
3. The CCC made valuable contributions to forest management, flood control, conservation projects, and the development of state and national parks, forests, and historic sites.

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

Jun 16, 1933

1. A modeled after the deposit insurance program initially enacted in Massachusetts, the FDIC's purpose was to provide stability to the economy and the failing banking system.
2. It create during the Great Depression to restore trust in the American banking system; more than one-third of banks failed in the years before the FDIC's creation.
3. The way to mitigate the damage caused by thousands of bank failures stemming from the stock market crash of 1929 and other risky investments.

21st Amendment

Dec 5, 1933

1. The Constitution has been formally amended 27 times, the 21st Amendment (1933) is the only one that repeals a previous amendment, namely, the 18th Amendment (1919).
2. This amendment tell which prohibited the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors or use therein of intoxicating liquors, in violation of the laws thereof, is hereby prohibited.
3. People call this is Dry laws because allowed states to set their own laws for liquor licensing and alcohol consumption.

Security & Exchange Commission

Jun 6, 1934

1. An independent, federal government agency responsible for protecting investors, maintaining fair and orderly functioning of securities markets, and facilitating capital formation.
2. The law are considered parts of Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal raft of legislation, found in June, 6, 1934.
3. A U.S. government agency that oversees securities transactions, activities of financial professionals and mutual fund trading to prevent fraud and intentional deception.

Franklin D. Roosevelt

1935

1. Smoot-Hawley Act of 1930, worsened the Depression. Roosevelt already spoke against the act and get the country out of the depression.
2. The first days of Roosevelt's administration saw the passage of banking reform laws, emergency relief programs, work relief programs, and agricultural programs.
3. His slate of New Deal programs and reforms redefined the role of the federal government, but it is unsuccessful. In the 1935, he launched a second, more aggressive set of federal programs.

Social Security Administration

Aug 14, 1935

1. Before the 1930s, support for the elderly was not matter a Federal concern. However, the widespread suffering caused by the Great Depression brought support for this Act.
2. On January 17, 1935, President F.D.R sent a message to Congress asking for "social security" legislation, and this act was create on August 14, 1935.
3. A system of old-age benefits for workers, benefits for victims of industrial accidents, unemployment insurance, aid for dependent mothers and children, the blind, etc.

1936 Summer Olympics

1936

1. Games of the XI Olympiad was an international multi-sport event, final time the International Olympic Committee gathered to vote in a city.
2. The 1936 Olympics were held in a tense, politically charged atmosphere, two years after its racist policies led to international debate about a boycott of the Games.
3. Fearing a mass boycott, the International Olympic Committee pressured the German government. Nonetheless, in the end 49 countries chose to attend the Olympic Games in Berlin.