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Period: to
Felix Mendelssohn
German composer who composed in most genres. -
Character pieces
One-movement piano pieces: equally cheap to perform
Composers usually performed their own
They could be performed anywhere with a piano -
Lieder
Composers created poetry settings and emotional expression and they were cheap to perform or share with others
Lieder are re-envisioned in the 19th century -
Orchestral changes in the 19th century
New combinations of instruments
More instruments were added to the orchestra: orchestras increased in size
More brass and percussion were included -
Rescue Operas
The public loved this topic as they imagined good triumphing over wrong, the freeing of the oppressed, and most importantly, heroism, Beethoven only composed one opera which was a rescue opera called Fidelio in 1805 -
Important Points for Romanticism
Poets and musicians focused on trying to create moments during which ‘inexpressible longing’ could be felt, This was the ultimate issue of the romantic aesthetic -
Period: to
Robert Schumann
Composer who was also known as an editor and promoter of music. -
Period: to
Frederick Chopin
Pianist and composer who's works have a distinct style. Educated at the Conservatory of Warsaw in Poland. -
Period: to
Franz Liszt
Piano virtuoso, writer, conductor, composer, innovator, and supporter of Wagner -
Period: to
R. Wagner
One of the most influential composers of the 19th century. Known for some of his operas. -
Period: to
G Verdi
Most important Italian composer in the mid to late 19th century. Primarily an opera composer. Composed 28 operas. -
Erlkönig
Based on the legend that whoever is touched by the king of the elves must die -
The Carlsbad Decrees of 1819
Limited freedom of expression by individuals, institutions, universities, and presses. Impacted composers in the Romantic Era. -
Period: to
Clara Schumann
Virtuoso pianist, and important composer. Wife to Robert Schumann. -
Period: to
B. Smetana
Bohemian, best known for his programmatic cycle of symphonic poems. Pianist and child prodigy, went deaf. -
Period: to
S. Foster
American song composer who was the first to make a living as a professional songwriter. -
Period: to
J. Brahms
German romantic composer who continued classical traditions. Favored absolute music. -
Period: to
A. Dvorak
Czech nationalist composer. Took interest in a variety of different music cultures. -
Period: to
E. Greig
Norwegian nationalist composer, had a famous piano concerto. -
Period: to
G. Mahler
Mostly known as a conductor, but was also a composer. Bridged romantic styles with new modern styles. -
Period: to
I. J. Paderewski
Polish pianist and composer, made a piano roll recording of one of his pieces.