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Period: to
African Americans
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Niagara Movement Organized
The Niagara Movement was a call for opposition to racial segregation and disenfranchisement was opposed to policies of accommodation and conciliation promoted by African American leaders such as Booker T. Washington. -
Springfield Massacre
The Springfield Race Riot of 1908 was sparked by the transfer of two African American prisoners out of the city jail by the county sheriff. This act enraged many white citizens, who responded by burning black-owned homes and businesses and killing black citizens. -
NAACP Founded
NAACP is an African-American civil rights organization in the United States, formed in 1909. Its mission is "to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination." -
World War I breaks out in Europe
It was a war that began with an assassination and ended with a series of revolutions. The assassination on 28 June 1914 of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary was the trigger of the war. -
Great Migration of African Americans from the South begins
The Great Migration was the movement of 6 million blacks out of the Southern United States to the Northeast, Midwest and West from 1910 to 1930. Alabama, Louisiana and Mississippi, contributed to a large net migration of blacks to the other three cultural regions of the United States. -
Marcus Garvey brings UNIA to New York
Garvey is a Jamaican publisher, journalist, entrepreneur, and orator, and he founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League -
United States Enters the War
U.S. President Woodrow Wilson outlined the case for declaring war upon Germany in a speech to the joint houses of Congress on 2 April 1917. -
Red Summer Race Riots
the race riots that occurred in more than three dozen cities in the United States during the summer and early autumn of 1919. In most instances, whites attacked African Americans. -
Warren Harding elected President
Warren Harding was the 29th President of the United States. A Republican from Ohio, Harding was an influential self-made newspaper publisher. He served in the Ohio Senate as the 28th Lieutenant Governor of Ohio and as a U.S. Senator. He was the first newspaper publisher to be elected President. -
19th Amendment
Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton drafted the amendment in 1878; it was forty-one years later, in 1919, Congress submitted the amendment to the states for ratification. A year later, it was ratified. -
Stock Market Crash
The crash signaled the beginning of the 12-year Great Depression that affected all Western industrialized countries, and that did not end in the United States until the onset of American mobilization for World War II at the end of 1941. -
Great Depression
This and the next year are the worst years of the Great Depression. For 1932, GNP falls a record 13.4 percent; unemployment rises to 23.6 percent. -
Franklin D. Roosevelt elected President
He was the 32nd President of the United States and a central figure in world events during the mid-20th century, leading the United States during a time of worldwide economic crisis and world war. -
New Deal begins
The New Deal was a series of economic programs. They were passed by the U.S. Congress during the first term of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The programs were Roosevelt's responses to the Great Depression, and focused on what historians call the "3 Rs": Relief, Recovery, and Reform. -
Works Progress Administration
WPA was the largest and most ambitious New Deal agency, employing millions of unskilled workers to carry out public works projects, including the construction of public buildings and roads, and operated large arts, drama, media, and literacy projects. -
Social Security Act
On August 14, 1935, the Social Security Act established a system of old-age benefits for workers, benefits for victims of industrial accidents, unemployment insurance, aid for dependent mothers and children, the blind, and the physically handicapped. -
World War II breaks out in Europe
The war is generally accepted to have begun on 1 September 1939, with the invasion of Poland by Germany, and subsequent declarations of war on Germany by France and most of the countries of the British Empire and Commonwealth. -
Roosevelt Issues Executive Order 8802
In June of 1941, President Roosevelt issued Executive Order 8802, banning discriminatory employment practices by Federal agencies and all unions and companies engaged in war-related work. The order also established the Fair Employment Practices Commission to enforce the new policy. -
African American leaders plan protest march on Washington
A large political rally in support of civil and economic rights for African Americans that took place in Washington, D.C. on Wednesday, August 28, 1963. Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered his historic "I Have a Dream" speech advocating racial harmony at the Lincoln Memorial during the march. -
Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor brings the United States into World War II
The attack came as a profound shock to the American people and led directly to the American entry into World War II in both the Pacific and European theaters. The following day (December 8) the United States declared war on Japan.