-
Jan 1, 1555
The Peace of Augsburg
Source
The Peace of Augsburg was a temporary solution to the religious conflict withing the Holy Roman Empire which allowed every prince to choose either Lutherism or Catholicism for his state. -
Period: to
King Christian IV of Denmark
Source
Christian 4 was one of the most ambituos kings of Denmark. He wanted to improve the economy of Denmark as well as to make it the leading power on the Baltic. This ambition though made him go to war with Sweden and intervene in the 30 Years War, where he failed. This resulted in Sweden tooking over the power on the Baltic. -
Period: to
Maximilian I of Bavaria
sourceMaximilian I is known for creating the Cathilic League in opposition of Protestantism. Becuase he conquered the Palatines and other enemies in favour of the Holy Roman Eporor, Ferdinand gave him the electoral vote of his opponent -
Period: to
King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden
Source
King Gustavus Adolphus was the leader of Sweden during her participation in the Thirty Years War. He was not only a great military commander, but balanced political and religious powers in Europe during the time of his ruling. His rulling talents pushed Sweden to the leading Baltic power during the war. -
Period: to
King Lpuis XIII
Source
Louis XIII became king too early, so his Mother became a regent of the king during his childhood. When he was 16, he took full control over France and send his mother into exile. He appointed cardinal Richelieu as his chief minister, who had a great influenced on the king's ruling. When his mother came back, she demanded the chief minister to be unseated, but Louis did not agree and sent her back to exile -
Period: to
Ferdinand of Styria as king of Bohemia
Source
In 1617 Ferdinand was elected king of Bohemia, and two years later- a Holy Roman Emporor. He was known for his strictness of the religion in the state- he believed in casthoicism, and outlawed and percecuted protestants. His regime caused the Bohemian Protestants revolt, which turned out to be e failure. -
Defenestration of Prague
Source
Bohemian resistance attacked the Habsburg authority and preceeded the beginning of the Thirty Year's war. -
-
Battle of White Mountain
Source
The battle fought near Prague in Bohemia that marked the first major victory of the Roman Catholic Habsburgs over the Protestant Union. -
Period: to
Philip IV
source
The king had interest in bringing back Spain's dominance in Europe, so he entered the war. Spain had success in the beginning but started failing , when rebellions in the country occured. -
Period: to
Cardinal Richelieu King Louis XIII
source
From 1624 Richelieu lead the french politics as the king's, Louis XIII, chief minister, and was considered one of the best politicians in France of all time. Richelieu had great ambitions, he made sure there were even no thoughts of rebellion and also made royal absolutism main policy in France. -
Period: to
The Danish Period
Source
The Dansish king attempted to take over Saxony and opposed the Emperor Ferdinand. -
Treaty of Lubeck
Source
The battle that marked the ending of the Danish period during the Thirty Years war -
Period: to
The Swedish Period
Source
The Swedish Period lasted five years. It began when the king Gustavus Adolphus entered the war. The exoteric reason of his participation in the war was his belief in the cause protestantism claimed to persue, while the esoteric reason was that he feared that Ferdinant would become more influencial. This became the first example of political reason to interfere in the war. -
Battle of Lutzen
Source
A battle between the protestant army (lead by Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden) and the imperial army (lead by Wallenstein). Both armies lost thousands of men, but the victory was actually protestant even though Gustavus himself died. -
Period: to
The French Period
Source
The French borke the Treaty of Prague by entering the war. Cardinal Richelie, who was the chief minister of the king, thought that France had interest to weaken the Hapsburgs and take territories of the Holy Roman Empire. -
The Treaty of Prague
Source
A treaty that confirmed imperial authority signed by ferdinand to end the civil war aspect during the thirty years war. -
The Peace of Westphalia
Source
The peace treaty marking the end of the thirty years war (one of the most destructive conflicts in Europe). -
Treaty of the Pyrenees
Source
The Treary of the Pyrenees is the peace treaty that finally truly puts an end to the war between France and Spain
