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Heliocentric Theory
Copernicus presented the theory that the sun is the center of our solar system. This was a very different way of thinking since most people believed that the earth was in the center. Copernicus also suggested that the earth was the third planet from the sun. His owrk on Heliocentrism is called "On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies." (https://www.universetoday.com/33113/heliocentric-model/) -
Kepler's Law
Johannes Kepler discovered the three laws of planetary motion. The first law says that planets move in the shape of an elipse, which is like an oval. The second law says that planets move faster when closer to the sun and slower when further away. His third law presents a relationship between the motions of different planets. (http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/kepler.html) -
Newton's Laws of Motion
Three laws that Sir Isaac Newton is best know s for are his laws of motion. Newton's First Law states that an object at rest will stay at rest or an object in motion will stay in motion unless a force acts upon it. Newton's second law states that pushing or pulling an object causes a change in its speed. Newton's Third Law states that for each action there is an equal and opposite reaction. (https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/newton.html) -
Law of Universal Gravitation
Sir Isaac Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation is a mathematical way of proving gravity. The equation describes how the masses of two objects and the distance between them work together to produce a gravitational pull. Newton realized that the more mass an object has, and the closer an object is to any other object, the greater the force of attraction would be. (http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/circles/Lesson-3/Newton-s-Law-of-Universal-Gravitation) -
Cell Theory
Thanks to inventions like the microscope scientists learned that every living thing is made up of cells. That is the first part of cell theory. Cell theory also says that cells are the basic units of all structures in all living things. Finally, cell theory says that only a living cell can make another living cell. (http://www.kidsbiology.com/biology_basics/cells_tissues_organs/cell_history_discovery4.php) -
The Theory of Natural Selection
Charles Darwin created the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection. Natural selection says that animals with the best traits for their environment will generally survive and produce more offspring. Over time, these best traits will become more common and the animal evolve as a result. (https://globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/selection/selection.html) -
Mendel's Law
Gregor Mendel used pea plants in experiments that led to import discoveries in genetics. Mende's Laws discuss how traits are passed from parents to children. He figured out that genes come in pairs and a child gets one gene from each parent to make those pairs. Mendel is known as the father of modern genetics. (http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/inheritance/laws.html) -
The Doppler Effect
The law known as the Doppler Effect was discovered by a man named Christian Doppler. Doppler noticed that the same series of sounds seemed closer together when the source of the sound was approaching and farther apart when the source was moving away. Doppler knew that sound travelled in waves, he then realized that the frequency of the waves increases as the source approaches and decreases as they move away. (http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/waves/Lesson-3/The-Doppler-Effect) -
Theory of Special Relativity
Albert Einstein knew that light travels 186,000 miles per second, and nothing moves faster than light. Einstein noticed that when objects in motion got close to that speed the laws of physics started to fail. Einstein's complicated theory allows time to slow down for fast moving things, which helps to explain why that happens. (https://www.space.com/36273-theory-special-relativity.html) -
Theory of Plate Tectonics
Plate Tectonics is the theory that the earth has an outer shell that is made up of giant plates. These plates slowly move over the earth's mantle. The outermost layer is divided into seven major plates. There are also minor plates. The plates are constantly moving 2-10cm a year. As the plates move, the appearance of the earth changes. (https://www.livescience.com/37706-what-is-plate-tectonics.html)
