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Temperance
In the early 19th century, a social movement rose called the Temperance movement. This was a movement that was against the consumption of alcohol. Their primary problem was alcohol consumption by many. They would promote complete teetotalism,which promoted the complete abstinence from alcoholic beverages,or they used its political influence to press the government to enact a law that regulated the availability of alcohol or even its prohibition. This movement was tied with women suffrage. -
YMCA
YMCA, other known as, Young Men's Christian Association, was founded by George Williams in 1844. His aim was to put Christian principles into practice by developing a healthy body, mind, and spirit. YMCA grew rapidly and became a worldwide movement. Their focuses was on charitable activities, providing athletic facilities, holding classes for a wide variety of skills, promoting Christianity, humanitarian work. Its main motto is "empowering young men" They continue to be religious organizations. -
Knights of Labor
Knights of Labor was the largest and most important American labor organizations of the 1880's. It began as a secret society of tailor in Philadelphia, who meant to protect its members from employer retaliations. The organization grew slowly during the hard years, but worker militancy rose toward the end of the decade, especially after the great railroad strike of 1877. The goal for the organization was to combat the situation for workers, unions of the Gilded Age pursued two broad strategies. -
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Transforming The West
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Morrill Land Grant College Act
This law was in enacted in order for colleges to be established for citizens in new western states. The colleges emphasized in agriculture and mechanic arts, which opened opportunities for thousand of farmers and working people previously excluded from higher education. The act granted each state 30,000 acres of public land. The law was the spark for a national system of state colleges and universities, and was a major boost to higher education in America. -
Homestead Act
The Homestead Act enacted during the Civil War. The enacted law gave an opportunity for any American to settle in western territory, which means it developed a rapid growth of settlement in the U.S. Many Americans, including freed slaves, put in a claim up to 160 acres of federal land. In order to gain their land, they had to pay a small filing fee and were required to complete 5 years of residence before receiving ownership of land.By 1900, there was distribution of 80mil acres of public land. -
Worker Exploitation (Chinese)
In 1864, the Central Pacific started to hire Chinese workers. The demand for labor increased as they were convinced that Chinese workers were capable for the backbreaking, hazardous work. Work continued on horrid winters. Snow from fierce blizzards blocked tunnel entrances, and avalanches swept away camps of Chinese men. In result, between 50-150 Chinese were killed due to snow slides, landslides, explosions, falls and other accidents. These men were a major part of the Transcontinental Railroad -
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Shipping and Railroad businessman Cornelius Vanderbilt was a multi-millionaire who became very wealthy in the 19th century. In 1860, he took part of the railroad industry, where he built another building and helped make railroad transportation more efficient. He gained control of railway lines operating between Chicago and NY and established interregional railroad system. Vanderbilt did not own grand homes or give away much of his vast wealth to charitable causes. Vanderbilt died at age 82. -
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Becoming an Industrial Power
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Granges
The Patrons of Husbandry, other known as Grange, was founded in 1867. This was a method to advance agriculture and promote the social and economic needs of farmers. Farmers used their voice against high rates charged by warehouses and railroads to handle their grain. Women wee a major role in the movement. The Grange's political activism resulted in "Granger Laws," which were not effective in solving farmers conflicts. The movement was a major role in creating the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 -
Tenements
Tenements were urban dwellings that became acceptable for middle class people in the 19th century. The urban dwellings impoverished families. They were apartment houses that had little to no standards of safety, comfort, and sanitation. The tenements housed about two-thirds of the city's total population. A tenement usually had five-7 stories and occupies nearly all of the lot upon which it was built. A reform of Progressive Era the New York State Tenement House Act was to ban poorly tenements. -
Social Gospel Movement
Social Gospel was a movement of liberal Protestant progressives in response to the social harms of rapid Industrialization, urbanization, and the immigration during the Gilded Age era. The social gospel believed itself to be different from earlier Christian reform movements by social salvation being their main goal instead of individual salvation. The movement interest was mostly in social science rather than theology. Their goal was to prepare the middle-class America for progressivism. -
John D. Rockefeller
John Rockefeller was the founder of the Standard Oil Company. He was known to be one of the wealthiest men and a philanthropist. He entered the fledgling oil business in 1863. He established his own Standard Oil Company in 1870, which controlled 90 percent of U.S refineries and pipelines. He was accused of gaining monopoly in the industry by predatory pricing and colluding with railroads to eliminate competitors. Rockefeller donated more than 500 million to various philanthropic causes. -
Battle of Little Bighorn
The battle is commonly referred to as "Custer's Last Stand." The battle took place between the U.S Cavalry and northern tribe Indians, including the Cheyenne, Sioux, and Arapaho. This battle marked the most decisive Native American victory and the worse for the U.S Army defeat in the long plains Indian War. The demise of Custer and his men outraged many white Americans and confirmed their image of the Indians as wild and bloodthirsty. It was the most successful action fought by American Indians. -
George Armstrong Custer
Born in December 5, 1839, Custer was a United States cavalry officer who distinguished himself in the American Civil War. Custer was known for leader his 200 of his men to the scandalous Battle of the Little Bighorn. The battle was named after Custer himself, and was known as "Custer's Last Stand." Although he was mostly known for his defeat in the battle of little bighorn, Custer has been better known for his characteristics of bravery. He became the most celebrated and controversial figures. -
Phonograph
The phonograph is a device that was invented for mechanical recording and reproduction of sound. This device was invented by Thomas Edison. It was the first to be able to reproduce the recorded sound. His phonograph originally recorded sound onto a tinfoil sheet wrapped around a rotating cylinder. A stylus responding to sound vibrations produced an up and down or hill-and -dale groove in the foil. The stylus vibrated a diaphragm coupled to open air through a flaring horn. -
Period: to
The Gilded Age
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Assassination of President Garfield
The assassination of Garfield occurred in 1881, being less than four months into his term as a President. Charles J. Guiteau, the assassinate, motivation to due to revenge against Garfield for an imagined political debt. He turned to politics after failing in theology, a law practice, bill collecting, and time in the utopian Oneida Community. After 2 bullets striking Garfield, he remained conscious but in shock. One bullet remained lodged in his body, but doctors couldn't find it. -
Chinese Exclusion Act
The enacted law was significant as it was the first law restricting immigration into the United States. The law provided a 10 year suspension on Chinese labor immigration.The act also placed requirements to Chinese who had already immigrated the country. If they left the U.S, they had to obtain certification to re-enter. Congress refused for Chinese residents to be granted citizenship. Irish, Swedish, Norwegian, and German were affected by this Act due to the prohibition of immigration in U.S. -
Pendleton Act
The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act was a federal law that was enacted in 1883. The Act established positions within federal government should be awarded on basis of merit instead of political affiliation. The Act importance was due to stopping the appointment of people to governmental offices merely because of individual's political affiliation or their connection to the president. The Act requisites was by qualified people to be elected to governmental offices based on the individuals merit -
American Federation of Labor
The American Federation of Labor is an organization for other unions. Samuel Gompers to the lead of the organization. It initially had members of skilled workers. Dozens of craft unions, which were groups of skilled workers, formed the loose affiliation of the AFL. Unlike more radical unions such as the KOF, the AFL did not agree with socialists or anarchists. Gompers supported the use of strikes, but preferred peaceful negotiations to attain fair contracts for workers from their employers. -
Great Upheaval of 1886
The "Great Upheaval' is a term used to describe a massive series of strikes that rolled across industrial. Local leaders were primarily responsible for commencing the strikes in 1886 to agitate for an eight-hour workday, which culminated in the Haymarket Riot. Another strike that rose was the Great Southwest Railroad strike, it included a labor union strike involving more than 200,000 workers. The Great Railroad strike was a great upheaval due to Baltimore and Ohio Railroad cut wages. -
Coca Cola
Coca Cola was first introduced by John Pemberton and was bought by businessman Asa Griggs Candler, whose marketing tactics led Coca-Cola to its dominance of the world soft-drink market. The prototype Coca-Cola recipe was formulated at Permberton's Eagle Drug and Chemical House, a drugstore. The drink's name refers to its natural ingredients, which are Kola nuts and coca leaves. In 1892, Candler set out to incorporate a second company, "The Coca-Cola Company, which is the current corporation. -
Haymarket Riot
The Haymarket Riot was the outbreak of many workers. Many demanded for an eight--hour work day and this increasingly became widespread among laborers in the 1880s. Anarchist caused a crowd of some 1,500 people that gather at Haymarket Square. The riot had a lasting effect on the labour movement in the U.S. The Knights of Labor at the time had the largest and most successful union organization in the country, and it was blamed for the incident. At least 8 people died and 8 activist were convicted -
Dawes Severalty Act
This act was enacted and was, 'An Act to Provide for the Allotment of Lands in Severalty to Indians on the Various Reservations. The act emphasized severalty, the treatment of Native Americans as individuals rather then viewing them as members of tribes. The Dawes Act gave the president power to divide Indian reservations into privately owned plots. This turned Native Americans into farmers and landowners by providing cooperating families 160 acres of land for farming or 320 acres for grazing. -
Andrew Carnegie
Andrew Carnegie was born November 25, 1835. Carnegie was a Scottish immigrant who grew up being poor. He worked hard and invested. Pushed production costs to lowest levels as possible. Carnegie was the first one to invest in the Bessemer Process. This caused for mass production of strong steel at low prices. By 1889, he owned Carnegie Steel Corporation, the largest kind in the world. He allowed for his company to control all phases of production. Became a well known, successful business man. -
Sherman Antitrust Act
This enacted law was the first Federal law that forbid monopolistic business practices. It was the first measure passed by Congress to prohibit trusts. The Act was based on the constitutional power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce. This authorized Federal Government to institute proceedings against trusts in order to reduce them. Any form of trust or restrain of trade or commerce among the several states, or with foreign nations was considered illegal. Designed to restore competition. -
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Imperialism
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Wounded Knee
The Wounded Knee Massacre occurred on the morning of December 29. Wounded Knee, located on top of the Pine Ridge Indian reservation, was the location of two conflicts between North America Indians and representatives of the U.S gov't. An old man was performing a ritual called the Ghost Dance. The U.S cavalry saw it as a sign of threat and the U.S army began shooting at the Native Americans. By the time the massacre ended, more than 150 men, women, and children of the Lakota had been killed. -
Depression of 1893
The Depression of 1893 was an economic depression that occurred in the United States and commenced from 1893 and lasted throughout 1897. The depression constructed many political upheavals that led to the realigning election of 1896 and the presidency of McKinley. It also affected every aspect of the economy. One of the causes for the depression was due to Argentina. Cheap crop failure and a coup in Buenos Aires affected investments. Many concerns developed and wanted to withdraw money from bank -
World's Columbian Exposition 1893
The World's Columbian Exposition was a world's fair held in Chicago to celebrate the 400th anniversary of the accomplishment of Christopher Columbus arrival to the New World. The event was an influential social and cultural event and had effect on architecture, sanitation, the arts, Chicago's image, and American industrial optimism. Many civic, professional, and commercial leaders from around the U.S invested in the fair. It was planned during Gilded Age where rapid industrial growth occurred. -
Henry Cabot Lodge
Henry Cabot Lodge was a Republican U.S senator from the years 1893 to 1924. He was the reason of the successful congressional opposition to his country's participation in the League of Nations following World War I. Lodge was very suspicious of Wilson and his treaty. Article X of the League of Nations required the United States to respect the territorial integrity of member sates. During World War I Lodge role and was best known for his positions on foreign policy, battle w/ President Woodrow. -
Anti-Saloon League
The League commenced in 1893 in Oberlin, Ohio. It was a major force in American politics. Influencing the U.S through lobbying and the printed word. It began as a state organization. The league was a non-partisan organization that focused on the issues of single prohibition. The organization had branches across the United States to work with churches in marshalling resources for the prohibition fight. The League promoted National Prohibition in the U.S -
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Progressive Era
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Plessy V Ferguson
Plessy V Ferguson is a supreme court case that occurred in 1896. The case established that both white and the black race should be "separate but equal." This case was a major set back as it made if more difficult for equality to occur between the races. The Case stemmed from an 1892 incident in which an African America train passenger Homer Plessy refused to sit in a Jim crow car, breaking a Louisiana Law. Due to this there were laws that required racial segregation in public/ private facilities -
William McKinley
William McKinley became the 25th president of the United States. During his term, he has made many accomplishments. For instance, leading the United States in victory in the Spanish-American War, raising protective tarrifs to promote American industry, and maintained the nation on the gold standard in a rejection of inflationary proposals. He was the last president to have served in the American Civil war and one to commence the war as an enlisted soldier. His assassination made Teddy president. -
Battle of San Juan Hill
The Battle of San Juan hill other known as San Juan Heights was a decisive battle of the Spanish-American War that occurred in Cuba. This battle for the heights was the bloodiest and most famous of the war. It was also where victory was attained for the Rough Riders, as claimed by the press and their commander, Theodore Roosevelt. Americans suffered almost five times as many losses as the Spanish. Spaniards lost a third of their force in casualties, but attaining very few prisoners. -
Treaty of Paris 1898
Treaty of Paris of 1898, was a treaty that ended the Spanish-American War. Following Spanish defeats in Cuba and Puerto Rico, an armistice was arranged on August 12, 1898. The Treaty was an agreement made that involved Spain relinquishing nearly all of the remaining Spanish Empire, especially Cuba, and ceding Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to the United states. The Treaty of Paris marked the end of Spanish Empire. It marked the beginning of the Age of the United States as a world power. -
William Randolph Hearst
William Randolph Hearst was known for publishing a large business of American newspapers, called "yellow journalism." This was a type of journalism that is based upon sensationalism and crude exaggeration of social and political events that are occurring. Randolph's newspaper had a major influence in the Spanish America War. Yellow Journalism led the exaggeration and led to blame the Spanish for the sinking of the U.S.S Maine. Much of Hearst wealth was due to the massive media empire. -
George Dewey
George Dewey was the only person in history to have attained the rank. He is mostly known due to gaining victory at the Spanish American War and the Battle of Manila Bay. He was assigned as the executive lieutenant of the USS Mississippi at the beginning of the Civil War. On October 3 1899 Dewey was presented with a special sword by McKinley. In 1901 Dewey was an honorary member of the NY Society of Cincinnati. Dewey will always be known as a hero due to fighting and gaining victories for U.S. -
Emilio Aguinaldo
Emilio Aguinaldo was a Filipino politician and a military leader who was recognized as the youngest president of the Philippines and first president of a constitutional republic in Asia. He led Philippine forces first against Spain in the later part of the Philippine Revolution. Then he led against the United States during the Philippine-American War. He was captured in Palanan, Isabela y American forces which brought an end to his presidency. In 1935 Aguinaldo ran unsuccessfully for president. -
Election of 1900
The U.S presidential election of 1900 was the 29th quadrennial presidential election. Republican president William McKinley defeated the Democrat, William Jennings Bryan. McKinley's victory made him the first president to be consecutive re-elected since Ulysses S. Grant. Both candidates faced little opposition within their own party. McKinley had the total of 292 electoral votes, whereas Bryan received 155 electoral votes. Economic prosperity and victory in S-A War helped McKinley victory -
Teddy Roosevelt
Due to McKinley's assassination, young Republican politician, Teddy Roosevelt, unexpectedly became president in 1901. Teddy won a second term on his own merits in 1904. Roosevelt confronted the struggles between management and labor head-on and became known as the great "trust buster" for his efforts to break up industrial combinations under Sherman Antitrust Act. He was a conservationist; set 200 mil. acres for national forest, reserves and wildlife refuges, and ended the Russo- Japanese War. -
Russo- Japanese War
The Russo- Japanese War was an international significance as it was the first out war of the modern era in which a non- European power defeated one of the strongest powers in Europe. It began by unleashed torpedoes against Russian ships in surprise attack. Conflict grew over competition for territory. The Japanese won every battle during war. Russian naval forces based on Port Arthur were rattled by losses they suffered, and were even more affected by the death of Admiral Stephan Makarov. -
Meat Inspection Act (1906)
The Federal Meat Inspection Act of 1906, is a law that makes it a crime to misbrand meat and meat products to be sold without meat and the products being slaughtered and processed under sanitary conditions. The meat products must be inspected under equivalent foreign standards. The law was a response due to the publication of Upton Sinclair's the Jungle, an exposure of the Chicago meat packing industry, as well as to other Progressive Era Muckraking publications of the day, bringing attention. -
Pure Food And Drug Act
The Pure Food and Drug Act 1906 was enacted in 1906. The Act was enacted in order to prevent the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated or misbranded or poisonous or deleterious foods, drugs, medicines, and liquors, and for regulating traffic and for the other purposes. It directed the U.S Bureau of Chemistry to inspect products and refer offenders to persecutors. It also required for the ingredients to be placed on the label of a packaging and that drugs couldn't fall below purity. -
Model T
By 1908, the first Model T production was finally completed. Ford eventually became the longest production run of any automobile model in history. At the beginning of 1908, there were fewer than 200,000 on the road. The Model T was built for ordinary people to drive every day. It had 22 horsepower, four cylinder engine and was made of a new kind of heat-treated steel, pioneered by French race car markets that made it lighter. As tastes changed, the era of the Model T came to an end. -
Muller V. Oregon
In this Supreme Court, the court made the decision that women were provided by state mandate, and lesser work hours than men. This law didn't recognize the sex discrimination in 1908. This was state that Oregon's limit on the working hours of women was constitutional under the fourteenth amendment, as it was justified by the strong state interest in protecting women's health. Supreme Court of Oregon affirmed. The case describes women needed their rights to be preserved by the state. -
The Election of 1912
This election was fought among three candidates. William Howard Taft was renominated by the Republican Party with the support of the conservative wing of the party. President "Teddy" Roosevelt called his own convention and created the Progressive party, which was named the "Bull Moose Party." Democrat Woodrow Wilson was nominated on the 46th ballot, due to William Jennings Bryan. Wilson defeated Roosevelt and Taft in the general election. He became the second of the two Democrats to be elected. -
17th Amendment
This amendment changed the fact that voters had to cast direct voters for the U.S Senators. Prior, Senators were chosen by state legislatures. The constitution in 1788, the senate made an assembly where the states would have equal representation. The amendment was part of a wave or progressive constitutional reforms that sought to make the constitution more democratic. This game Americans the right to vote directly for senators. This strengthened the link between citizens and federal government. -
Federal Reserve Act
The Federal Reserve Act is an Act of Congress that created the central banking system of the United States. This created the authority to issue Federal Reserve Notes, known as the US dollar, as legal tender. This act was signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson. The act created a system of private and public entities. The Act also created a national currency and a monetary system that could respond effectively to the stresses in the banking system and create a stable financial system. -
Panama Canal
The panama canal was a 10 year project. In 1904, the United States commenced building a canal across the Panama isthmus. Building the Panama Canal, President Theodore Roosevelt oversaw the realization of a long-term United States goal. Throughout America and British leaders and businessmen wanted to ship goods quickly and cheaply between the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. It Was built to reduce the distance that ships travel and ship commercial goods between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. -
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
In 1914, the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife Sophie by Gavrillo princip. Princip was one of a group of a six assassins. The political objective of the assassination was to break off Austria-Hungary's South /Slav provinces so they could be combined into a Yugoslavia. The assassination sparked the first World War when Austria-Hungary subsequently issued an ultimatum to the Kingdom of Serbia, which was partially rejected. Then Austria declared war triggering many. -
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World War I
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Great Migration
The Great Migration was the migration of 6 million African-Americans. African Americans moved out of the rural southern U.S to the Urban Northeast. Until 1900, more than 90 percent of the African American population lived in the South. By the end of the Great migration, 53 percent of the African-American population remained on the South while 40 lived in the North. Due to moving to the North, the African American population became highly urbanized. It was one of the largest and rapid movements. -
Zimmerman Telegram
In the telegram, Zimmermann instructed the ambassador, Count Johann Von Bernstorff to offer significant financial aid to Mexico if they agreed to enter any future U.S and German conflict and become a German ally. Zimmermann was a secret diplomatic communication issued from the German Foreign Office, this proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico in the prior event of the United States entering World War I and being the enemies of Germany. This caused more tensions for the U.S. -
Espionage Act
The Espionage Act of 1917 was enacted after the United States entry into World War I. Its purpose was to prohibit interference with military operations or recruitment, to prevent issues in the military, and prevent the support of United States enemies during wartime. This was an Act to punish acts of interference with the foreign relations, and the foreign commerce of the United States, to punish espionage, and better to enforce the criminal laws of the United States, and for other purposes. -
John J. Pershing
General of the Armies John Joseph Pershing was mostly known for serving as the commander of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) on the Western front in World War I. Buffalo soldiers...Native Americans called the troops buffalo soldiers due to their believe that soldiers' hair resembled that of a buffalo. At the time, blacks were segregated from whites in the military. General Pershing rank been held twice in history- once by active-duty officer and by posthumous promotion to George Washington -
Spanish Flu
The 1918 flu or the pandemic was an unusually deadly influenza pandemic. It infected around 500 million people around the world. Unfortunately at the time there was no effective medicine or vaccine that treated this killer flu strain or prevent its spread. Later on many discovered the influenza virus had invaded their lungs and caused pneumonia. The 1918 flue was first observed in Europe, the United States and parts of Asia before swiftly spreading around the world. Virus caused negative impacts -
14 points
The Fourteen Points purpose was for peace that was to be used for peace negotiations in order to cease and World War I to come to an end. The principles were outlined in a 1918 speech on war aims and peace terms to the United States Congress by President Woodrow Wilson. He address his outlined vision for a stable, long-lasting peace in Europe, the Americas and the rest of the world following World War I. -
American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
On 1918, General John Joseph "Black Jack" Pershing was designated the supreme commander of the American army in France, and the American expeditionary forces were created. the leader was President Woodrow Wilson who initially planned to give command of the AEF to Gen. Frederick Funston, but after Funston's sudden death, Wilson appointed Major Pershing, and he remained command for the entire war. First American troops were called the "doughboys" due to the brass buttons on their uniforms. -
Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles was an important peace treaty that brought end to World War I. The treaty eneded the state of war between Germany and the allied powers. It was signed in Versailles, which took place exactly fiver years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The other central Powers on German side of WWI signed separate treaties. Although the armistice signed in 1918, ended the actual fighting, it took six months of allied negotiations at the Paris Peace conference. -
Louis Armstrong
Louis Armstrong was a trumpeter, a singer, bandleader, film star and comedian. He was practically considered one of the most well developed and influential artists in jazz history. He is known for songs like "Star Dust", "La Vie En Rose" and 'What a Wonderful World." Louis Armstrong became such a well known person and became so influential and was set to be the foundation for modern jazz. One of Armstrong inspiration was Lil Hard he influenced Armstrong's technique and style. -
The 18th Amendment
The 18th Amendment was ratified in 1919. This is the only Amendment to ever be repealed from the United States constitution. The 18th amendment was for the banning of manufacture, sale, or transportation of alcohol. As national Prohibition, the eighteenth amendment banned intoxicating liquors. The amendment didn't specifically banned the consumption of alcohol. Due to the Temperance Movement, many states prohibited the consumption of alcohol prior to the ratification of the 18th amendment. -
Volstead Act
The Volstead Act other known as the National prohibition Act was enacted to carry out the purpose of the 18th amendment, which established prohibition in the U.S. The Anti-Saloon League's Wayne Wheeler conceived and drafted the bill, which was named for Andrew Volstead, chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, who managed the legislation. The Act got passed due to President Woodrow Wilson's veto. It was an reinforcement of the 18th amendment, also known as the Prohibition amendment. -
World Christian Fundamentals Association
World Christian Fundamentals Association was an organization that was founded in 1919 by the Baptist minister William Bell Riley of the first Baptist Church. It was developed due to launching "a new protestanism' based upon premillennial interpretations of biblical prophecy, but soon turned its focus more towards opposition to evolution. -
19th Amendment
Passed by Congress during 1919, and ratified in the 1920, the 19th amendment finally granted the right for women to vote. Achieving this required many to speak up and a difficult struggle. Beginning in the 1800s, women organized, picketed, and petitioned to win the right to vote, but it took them decades to accomplish one of their main purposes. Secretary of State Bainbridge Colby certified the ratification. This was a drastic change for many. This changed the American electorate forever. -
Fall of the Ottoman Empire
The armistice ended the fighting between the Ottoman empire and the allies but did not bring stability or peace to the empire. The British were in control of Syria, Palestine, and Mesopotamia, and British, French and Greek forces stood steady to march across the Bulgarian border and Occupy Ottoman Thrace and Constantinople. Stability was urgently needed. Young Turk gov't led by Enver Pasha had collapsed in the days leading up to the amistice. -
American Civil Liberties Union
The American Civil Liberties Unions is a nonpartisan nonprofit organization whose stated mission is "to defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties guaranteed to every person in this country by the Constitution and laws of the United States. The organization is practically our nation's guardian of liberty. The ACLU works in the courts, legislatures, and communities to defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties guaranteed to all people in this country by Constitution. -
Susan B. Anthony
Susan B. Anthony was an American social reformer and a women's right activist who played a major role in the women's suffrage movement. She collected anti-slavery petitions. In 1851, she met Elizabeth Stanton, who became her lifelong friend and co-worker in social reform activities, primarily in the field of women's rights. Due to her perseverance and determination and the her rise of voice, the 19th amendment came to take in place in the constitution. -
Francis Willard
Frances Elizabeth Caroline Willard was an american educator, temperance reformer, and women's suffragist. Willard became the national president of Woman's Christian Temperance Union in 1879, and remained president until her death. Her influence continued in the next decades, and the eighteenth amendment and Nineteenth Amendments to the United States constitution were finally enacted. Willard developed the slogan "Do Everything' for the WCTU, encouraging members to engage in a broad array. -
Ku Klux Klan
The Ku Klux Klan abbreviated as the KKK, extended into almost every southern state by 1870 and became a vehicle for white southern resistance to the Republican's Party Reconstruction-era policies aimed at establishing political and economic equality for blacks.Its members waged an underground campaign of intimidation and violence directed at white and black republican leaders Though Congress passed a legislation designed to curb Klan terrorism the organization saw a goal to reestablish supremacy -
Period: to
1920s
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American Indian Citizenship Act
During a period of time, Native Americans were forced to leave their culture behind and assimilate the American culture. Until 1924, Native Americans weren't considered citizens of the U.S. On June 2, 1924, Congress enacted citizenship to all Native Americans who were born in the United States. However, Native Americans didn't have all the privileges citizens should receive. They were largely governed by state law, and the right to vote was often denied to Native Americans in early 20th century. -
Immigration Act of 1924
The Immigration Act of 1924, was a United states federal law that limited the amount of immigrants entering the country. This caused a small amount of immigrants who could be admitted from any country 2? of the number of people from that country who were already living in the United States. Immigration Act made permanent the basic limitations on immigration into the United States, established in 1921 and modified the National Origins Formula established then. -
Valentine's Day Massacre
During 1920's many gang warfare took over streets o Chicago. Chief Gangster Al Capone sought to consolidate control by eliminating his rivals in the illegal traders of bootlegging, gambling and prostitution. The clash of gang violence was bloody in a garage on the city's North side on February 14, 1929, when seven men associated with the Irish gangster George 'Bugs" Moran, one of Capone's longtime enemies, were shot to death by several men dressed as policemen. -
Herbert Hoover
A couple months after he was elected, the stock market crashed and the Great Depression was beginning. Unlike Andrew Mellon and Calvin Coolidge who believed that the federal government should keep its hands off the economy, Herbert Hoover believed that some action from the federal government is necessary. Hoover was known as the 31st president, whose term was notably marked by stock market crash, which commenced the great depression. -
Period: to
The Great Depression
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October 20, 1929
The Wall Street Crash of 1929, also known as Black Tuesday, the Great Crash, or the Stock Market Crash of 1929, began and it was the most devastating stock market crash in the history of the United States. This was an indicator of the Great depression, when taking into consideration the full extent and duration of its after effects. The crash, which followed the London Stock Exchange's crash of September, signalled the beginning of the 12 year Great Depression that affected Western countries. -
Election of 1932
The presidential election of 1932 took place as the effects of 1929 Wall Street Crash and the Great Depression were being felt intensely across the country. President Herbert Hoover popularity was falling as voters felt he was unable to reverse the economic collapse or deal with prohibition. Franklin D. Roosevelt used what he called Hoover's failure to deal with these problems as a platform for his own election, promising reform in his policy called the NEW DEAL. Of course, Roosevelt won. -
First 100 Days
The term First Hundred Days meant that the first hundred days in the first term of a President Of the United States. Every United States president has been judged on the effectiveness of his first 100 days, which is the stretch of just over three months after his inauguration that arguably sets the tone for the rest of his time in office. Until Franklin D Roosevelt took office in 1933 the importance of the president's 100 days commenced. Roosevelt productivity was viewed into enormous popularity -
Glass-Steagall Act
The Glass-Steagall Legislations describes four provisions of the U.S Banking Act of 1933 separating commercial and investment banking. The partial repeal of Glass-Steagall after decades of lobbying and proposed legislation, some Glass-Steagall provisions were repealed in 1999, when the Gramy-Leach-Bliley Act was signed. Glass-Steagall's opponents had objected to what they perceived as over-regulation of the banking industry. -
21st Amendment
National prohibition came to an end, as Utah became the 36th state to ratify the 21st amendment to the constitution. The amendment repealed the 18th amendment, which had taken effect nearly 14 years earlier. The 18th article of amendment to the Constitution of the U.S is hereby repealed. The 21st amendment to the constitution was passed and ratified, ending national prohibition. After the repeal of the 18th amendment, some states continued prohibition by maintaining statewide temperance laws. -
Holocaust
During the Holocast, two thirds of all Jews in Europe were killed and one third of the world's Jewish population. The Nazi rule and the ethnic cleansing plant that they called the final solution developed gradually. Only 3 months after Hitler was appointed chancellor, the boycott of Jewish-owned businesses and shops in Germany started. For Hitler, Jews were an inferior race, an alien threat to German racial purity and community. Jews were constantly persecuted and sent to concentration camps. -
Emergency Relief Act
The Federal Emergency Relief Administration was the new name given by Roosevelt Administration to Emergency Relief Administration which president Franklin Delano Roosevelt had created in 1933. The purpose for this Act was to initially to distribute 500 million dollars in federal funds to state agencies. These funds were grants and not loans. They worked cooperatively with the state government proving federal grants for relief purposes. -
Eleanor Roosevelt
Eleanor Roosevelt was an Politician, diplomat and activist. She was the longest-serving First Lady of the United States, having held the post from March 1933, during her Husband's presidency. President Harry S. Truman later called her the First Lady of the World in tribute to her human rights achievements. After Roosevelt's death, Eleanor was a delegate to the United Nations and continued to serve as an advocate for a wide range of human rights issues. She Remained active in democratic causes. -
Securities and Exchange Commission
The Securities Exchange Act of 1934, is a law governing the secondary trading of securities in the United States. This Law, together with the securities Exchange Act of 1934, which created the SEC was designed to restore investors confidence in our capital markets by providing investors and the markets with more reliable information and clear rules of honest dealing. Enforces federal security laws, by regulating the securities industry, nation's stock and option exchanges, and other activities. -
Federal Housing Authority
The Federal Housing Administration is a United States government agency created in part by the National Housing Act of 1934. The Federal Housing Administration, generally known as FHA provides mortgage insurance loans made by FHA approved lenders throughout the United States and its territories. FHA insures mortgages on single family and multifamily homes including manufactured homes and hospitals. It is the largest insurer of mortgages in the world, insuring over 47.5 million properties. -
Hitler
Adolf Hitler, the leader of Germany's Nazi Party, became of the of the most powerful dictators during the 20th century. Hitler focused on popular discontent, political infighting to take absolute power in Germany beginning in 1933. Germany's invasion of Poland led to the outbreak of World War II, and led by 1941 Nazi Forces had occupied much of Europe. Hitler's anti-Semitism and pursuit of supremacy sparked the murder of 6 million jews, along with other victims of the Holocaust. -
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World War II
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Battle of Leningrad
The siege of Leningrad was known as the 900 day siege. This resulted in the deaths of some one million of the city's civilians and Red Army defenders. Leningrad, Formerly St. Petersburg, capital of Russian Empire, was one of the initial targets of the German Invasion. This was a horrific event. It lasted almost two and one and a half years and cost the life of many. Soviet forces permanently break the Leningrad siege line, ending the almost 900 day German enforced containment of the city. -
Battle of Moscow
The Battle of Moscow took place between 1941 and 1942. The Soviet defensive effort frustrated Hitler's attack on Moscow, the capital of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the soviet Union's largest city. Moscow was one of the primary military and political objectives for Axis forces in their invasion of the Soviet Union. In result, Strategic soviet Union got its victory and Germany's operational and tactical was a failure, and led to defeat. -
Battle of Stalingrad
The Battle of Stalingrad is considered to be the turning point in World war two in Europe. The Battle bled the German army dry in Russia and after this defeat, the Germany Army was in full retreat. General Paulus surrendered what remained of his army. About 150,000 Germans had died in the fighting. The Soviet victory at Stalingrad was a great humiliation for Hitler, who had elevated the battle's importance in German opinion. -
U.S Office of War Information (OWI)
The United States Office of War Information was a United States government agency created during World War II. OWI would have connection between the civilian communities and the battlefront through radio, broadcats, newspapers, posters, photographs, films and other forms of media. The office also displayed several overseas branches, which launched a large-scale information and propaganda campaign abroad. -
2nd Battle of El Alamein
The Battle of El Alamein marked the culmination of the World War II North African campaign between the British Empire and the German-Italian army. The second Battle of El Alamein was a battle of the second World War that took place near the Egyptian railway halt of El Alamein. With the allies victorious, it was the watershed of the Wester Desert Campaign. The British victory turned the tide in the North-African Campaign and ended the Axis threat to Egypt. -
Battle of Burge
On this day, the Germans had the last major offensive of the war, Operation Mist also known as the ardennes Offensive and the Battle of the Bulge, an attempt to push the allied front line west from Northern France to northwestern Belgium. The battle of Bulge, fought over the winter months of 1944-1945, was the last major Nazi offensive against allies in World War two. The battle was a last ditch attempt by Hitler to split the allies to destroy the ability to supply themselves. -
Battle of Montecasino
The battle of Monte Cassino was a costly of series of four assaults by the allies against the Winter line in Italy. This battle marked one of the longest and bloodiest contributions of the Italian campaign during World War II. After attempts to overcome the Germans in the Liri Valley and at Anzio ended in stalemate, the allies struggled to capture the western anchor of the Gustav Line and the Roman Catholic Abbey of Monte Cassino. -
Battle of Berlin
The Battle of Berlin was the last major battle in Europe during World War II. It resulted in the surrender of the German army and an end to Adolf Hitler's rule. The battle began when on Hitler's 56th birthday, soviet artillery began shelling Berlin and did not stop until the city surrendered. The weight of ordnance delivered by Soviet artillery during the battle was greater than the total tonnage dropped by Western Allied Bombers on the city. -
Little Boy
Little Boy was a atomic bomb dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. Little Boy was the first atomic bomb to be used in warfare. Hiroshima bombing was the second artificial nuclear explosion in history and the first uranium based detonation. It exploded with an energy of 15 kilotons. The bomb caused significant destruction to the city of Hiroshima and its occupants. Little boy was a development of the unsuccessful Thin Man nuclear bomb. It was developed by Lieutenant Commander Francis Birch.
