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Cornelius Vanderbilt
Cornelius Vanderbilt was a business magnate and philanthropist who built his very own railroad that connected Chicago and New York. He popularized the use of steel in railroads, which made the railroads safer and more economical. -
Bessemer Process
This was a large steel-making process in which impurities in the steel such as carbon & silicon were removed from the steel to make it pure. This also allowed the price of steel to drop for the production to be done with ease. The process consisted of cold air blown on molten hot steel so the impurities would ignite and burn right out of the steel. -
Western Dime Novels
After the Civil War, Americans created and bought millions of short paperbacks, costing only 10 cents depicting paint-daubed Indians and quick-triggered gunmen and scenarios from the "Wild West" and other American tales. One of the most famous dime novels is called the "Buffalo Bill Cody", the novel that popularized Wild West shows, it consisted of a former Pony Express rider and Indian fighter (mostly popular towards children). This romanticized the West and the life of the cowboy. -
Morill Land Grant College Act
This was an act that granted land to states to finance the establishment of colleges specializing in “agriculture and the mechanic arts.” This was named for it's sponsor Justin Smith Morill it granted states 30,000 acres. -
Period: to
Transforming the West
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Homestead Act
The Homestead Act was signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln. This was a program to grant farmers land at a low cost and 160 acres of land to each farmer that was part of the act or chose to settle on the land for at least 5 years. -
John Rockefeller
John D. Rockefeller became one of the world's most wealthiest men through his oil business. Rockefeller was also a philanthropist, which means he gives money to charity, or donates. Rockefeller donated more than $500 million to many different philanthropic causes. Rockefeller died at the age of 97 on May 23, 1937 -
Period: to
Becoming an Industrial Power
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Knights of Labor
They were founded in 1869 as a secret society of garnet workers in Philadelphia they believed that fraternity was harnessed to labor reform, and intended to set up factories and shops that would lead to a cooperative common wealth. Grew rapidly because of a combination of their open-membership policy, and the growth of urban population; welcomed unskilled and semiskilled workers, including women and African Americans. They believed they could get rid of conflict between labor and managements. -
Social Darwinism
This applied Darwin's theory of natural selection and "survival of the fittest" to the human society. Which meant that the poor were poor and the rich stayed rich no matter what. During the 19th century this opposed intervention in the human order. This also increased the inequality of the late 19th century. -
Laissez Faire
This policy was one that allowed almost to no government interference in economic affairs on individuals and society. The doctrine of the Laissez Faire is usually associated with economists known as Physiocrats. This was developed under the influence of economist Adam Smith. -
Oil
Oil was the first great monopoly, it was made into a big business by John D. Rockefeller. Standard Oil Co. was the first major oil refinery and marketing system in America. -
Red River War
The Red River War was fought between the United States Army and warriors of Kiowa. This was originally a campaign started by the United States in order to remove the Comanche and other Native American tribes. -
Telephone
The telephone was invented by a man named Alexander Graham Bell. Bell placed the first call on March 10, 1876. Alexander Bell called his assistant Thomas Watson and told him "Mr. Watson--come here-- I want to see you." -
Phonograph
This device was used for mechanical recording and the reproduction of sounds. The phonograph was invented by Thomas Edison, who figured out a way to record sound on tinfoil-coated cylinders. -
Period: to
The Gilded Age
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Ghost Dances
Ghost Dances were used to intimidate the enemy. During the Battle of Wounded Knee, the US Army shot and killed the dancers. This is known as the Wounded Knee Massacre -
Chinese Exclusion Act
The Chinese Exclusion Act was the first law that restricted immigration into the United States. Americans did not want the Chinese to come to America, because they were taking over their jobs. Even though the Chinese made .002 of the US population -
Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show
Buffalo Bill was an American Hunter born in Le Claire, Iowa. His show opened May 19th of 1883 in Omaha Nebraska. This show was like the rodeo in Houston. It was used for entertainment purposes for all the Americans that were in Iowa. -
Cocaine Toothache Drops
In the 1800s, doctors didn't have anesthesia like they do now in the 21st Century. So locals would use cocaine as an anesthesia to numb certain parts of the body before operation. -
Kodak Camera
"Now is the time to get a camera for your Portland trip. We have a large stock to select from and at prices to suit. If you do not wish to develop your own negatives we will do them for you and guarantee satisfaction. Gailey Supply Co." is what the first Kodak advertisement said on it. The Kodak camera was invented by George Eastman. -
Cattle Drives
Cattle Drives were large herds of cattle moving at once. The first Cattle Drive in the west was the Chisholm Trail, they crossed central markets and railheads in Kansas. The drives eventually came to an end because of the barbed wire that was put into use. -
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
The Anti-Trust act was a federal act that out lawed business men in their monopolies. As stated in the name this act was against many Trusts which were many of the same businesses put together by one man who ran the same type. -
Philanthropy
A philanthropist is someone who seeks fortune in the less fortunate. Someone who gives their money to people in need, as a donation, or simply just to charity. Many big philanthropist gave a large amount of money to foundations, Andrew Carnegie for example gave 10 million to establish a scientific research. -
Period: to
Imperialism
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Andrew Carnegie
Andrew Carnegie was a Scottish-American industrialist, business magnate, and philanthropist. Carnegie became another one of the richest men in the 19th Century due to his steel industry, Andrew was the first man to mass produce steel, he was successful in mass production when he adopted the Bessemer process for making steel. -
City Beautiful Movement
Reduced/ elimate city problems by redesign. Like public square, large open parks, Bouleyards, and classical architeture. World's Columbian Exposition Chicago 1893 -
Coxey's Army
Supporters of Ohio populist Jacob Coxey who in 1894 marched on Washington, demanded that the government create jobs for the unemployed; although this group had no effect whatsoever on policy, it did demonstrate the social and economic impact of the Panic of 1893. -
Pullman's Strike
in Chicago, Pullman cut wages but refused to lower rents in the "company town", Eugene Debs had American Railway Union refuse to use Pullman cars, Debs thrown in jail after being sued, strike achieved nothing. -
Period: to
Progressive Era
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Klondike Gold Rush
This was an event of migration with over 100,000 people from the Klondike region in Canada. Gold was discovered. Of the 30,000 to 100,000 that arrived only about 4,000 of the settlers found gold. -
William Jennings Bryan
American orator and politician from Nebraska, he emerged as a dominant force in the Democratic party, standing as a three times party nominee for the President of the United States. William Jennings was born in Illinois. -
Cross Gold Speech
The Cross of Gold Speech was delivered by William Jennings Bryan, a former US Representative. Bryan supported bimetallism, or free silver, which he believed would bring the naiton prosperity. He vehemently oposed the gold standard, and famously said, "you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold". The speech helped put him on as the Democratic presidential nomination. The nation since 1873 was bitterly divided on the monetary standard. -
Election of 1896
This election was the 28th quadrennial presidential election, this election was held on Tuesday, November 3, of 1896. The two main candidates were William McKinley and William Jennings Bryan. The Republican party ended up winning this election. -
Battle of Manilla Bay
This battle occurred at Manila Bay in the Philipines when the US destroyed the Spanish Pacific Fleet with their Asiatic Squadron in the Spanish-American War. Under Commander George Dewey, the US victory won with American steel ships versus Spanish wooden ships. Dewey sailed from Hong Kong to the Philippine to defeat the Spanish fleet at the Battle of Manila Bay, and he open fire with the command, "You may fire when you are ready, Gridley." No US ships were lost, and the US gained the Philipines. -
Platt Amendment
This created a joint resolution of the U.S. Congress that replaced the earlier Teller amendment. This restricted Cuba's sovereignty and gave the US the right to intervene if Cuba got into trouble. Cuba pledged not to make treaties with other countries that might compromise its independence, and it granted naval bases to the United States, most notable being Guantanamo Bay. This defined the conditions for the withdrawal of United States troops from Cuba at the end of the Spanish-American war -
Gentlemen's Agreement
An agreement with Japan where Japan agreed to limit emigration into the United States and Theodore Roosevelt agreed to talk with the San Francisco School Board about the segregation of Japanese children in school so it could be stopped. The reason why Roosevelt wanted to implement this agreement was that he wanted to stop the growing tension between the United States and Japan over the immigration of Japanese workers. A final Japanese note made the Gentlemen’s Agreement fully effective. -
Angel Island
The Angel Island is an island in the San Francisco Bay, which is the main immigration processing station, mostly for the Chinese. Between the years of1910 and 1940, 50 thousand Chinese immigrants entered through Angel Island. The island had lots of questioning and, the conditions at Angel Island were much harsher than Ellis Island in New York because Angel Island was more of a prison, that held people for up to several years for interrogation, while most went through Ellis Island in a few hours. -
Bull Moose Party
This was a nickname for the new Progressive third Party, which was created to support Roosevelt in the election of 1912. The Republicans were badly split in the 1912 election, so Roosevelt broke away forming his own Progressive Party/ Bull Moose Party. He chose to nickname his party "Bull Moose Party" because he believed he felt "fit as a bull moose". The third party called for direct election of U.S. senators, woman suffrage, reduction of the tariff, and many social reforms. -
Trench Warfare
The trench warfare was a type of military strategy in which the opposing sides fought one another from the holes in trenches facing one another. By hiding in the trenches troops are protected from the enemy's small arms fire and are substantially sheltered from artillery. The trench warfare reached its highest development on the Western front during the World War 1 when men from Belgian coast through northeastern France and Switzerland using trench warfare as a tactic. -
Period: to
World War I
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Mustard Gas
This gas was also known as sulfur mustard, this gas was very poisonous, Fritz Harber was the man who invented this gas. During a mustard gas attack, the effects are very gradually, then after a few days the red spots turn into bumps and blisters and can cause second or even third degree burns to the skin. -
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
This is a disorder a person gets when they are in a traumatic accident and they can't get past it. During WWI, the stress disorders came from concussions from impacts that the soldiers would take from shells. Symptoms included panic and sleeping problems. -
The Great Migration
Movement in which African Americans moved from the South to industrial centers of the Northeast and Midwest, the migration caused cotton prices to decrease, lack of immigrant workers, in the North, and it also increased manufacturing which caused the KKK to become even stronger than they already were. -
Weapons
Spent 3 weeks in trenches (1 week off). Germans had mustard gas (kills you slowly). US had machines gun that were faster. US had tanks to be able to go through no man lands -
Spanish Flu
The flu became an unusually deadly disease. This flu caused more dead people tha, with a number of 20 and 40 million deaths. More people have died from this disease than the Black Death Bubonic Plague from 1347 to 1351. The flu was first spotted in Europe, the United States, and Asia but is unknown how it came to be a pandemic. Victims died within hours or days of developing symptoms, their skin turning blue and their lungs filling with fluid -
Sedition Act
The sedition act made it illegal to criticize the government. This legislation attempted to silence criticism of the John Adams' Administration and weaken the many politically active Democratic-Republicans foreigners who had recently come to America from Europe. The legislation punished by fining or imprisoning people if they publicly spoke out, wrote critical articles or conspired against the government. Extended by Espionage Act, it reflected current fears about Germans and anti-war Americans. -
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Fitzgerald was born in St. Paul, dropped out of Princeton University and went on to join the army. He was one of the 20th century's literary stars, most of his novels were written during the Jazz Age. He married a woman named Zelda who was mentally ill. He wrote the greatest novel, the Great Gatsby and This Side of Paradise, during the roaring 20s. The Great Gatsby was considered a masterpiece about a gangster's pursuit of an unattainable rich girl. -
Longhorns
The Texas Longhorn was a breed of cattle that was known for their lean beef and their very long horns that they have. The Longhorn was a benefit to America when they were first bred because of how much beef you could take off one cattle. -
Volstead Act
This act was also known as the National Prohibition Act. This was established under the Prohibition Bureau, it was also under budgeted and very ineffective in strong anti-prohibition states. The Volstead asked that "no person shall manufacture, sell, barter, transport, import, export, deliver, furnish or possess any intoxicating liquor except as authorized by this act." -
Jazz
Tin Pan Alley was New York city music publishers and singers. Dominated American music (19th century and early 20th century). Jazz evolves from Harlem Renaissance. Louis Armstrong: Duke Ellington. Jazz verses (white and black attend). Whites jazz bands from the Jazz Age. People thought jazz equal bad behavior. -
Period: to
The 1920's
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19th Amendment
The 19th amendment brought women's rights to vote to the United States. After this was passed women were allowed to vote and were given equal rights in 1920 when this amendment was passed. -
The Pan Alley
The Tin Pan Alley is the name given to the collection of New York City-centered music publishers and songwriters who dominated the popular music of the United States in the late 1800's and early 1900's. The was named by a place onWest 28th Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenue in Manhattan, and a plaque on the sidewalk on 28th Street between Broadway and Sixth. The group started around in 1885, when a number of music publishers set up shop in the same district of Manhattan. -
Tea Pot Dome Scandal
This scandal shocked the Americans by revealing the greed and corruption of the federal government. It was a bribery incident during the administration of President Warren G. Harding. The Secretary of the Interior Albert Fall had leased the government's oil reserves, which were meant for the navy, to private oil companies in exchange for financial compensation. The event became the subject of a sensational investigation, and Fall was later convicted of accepting bribes from the oil companies -
Margret Sanger
Sanger was an American birth control activist, sex educator, writer, and nurse. She was an early feminist and women's rights activist who worked with the birth control towards legalization. In 1916, she opened the first birth control clinic in the U.S. She wrote a column about the world of sex to women called "What Every Girl Should Know." She was a nurse in the poor sections of New York City, where she had seen the suffering caused by unwanted pregnancy. And she founded the Planned Parenthood. -
American Indian Citizen Act
On this day, the Congress has granted citizenship to all Native Americans born in the United States. The main reason for the whites to finally grant citizenship to Native Americans is because they wanted to absorb the Indians into white culture (also known as assimilation). Before the Citizenship Acts, getting Natives to have citizenship was almost impossible. Despite the Native Americans being able to become citizens in the United States, the Native Americans were still able to vote. -
Herbert Hoover
Hoover was an American engineer, businessman, and politician who served as the 31st President of the United States from 1929 to 1933 during the Great Depression. He promised the American people prosperity and attempted to first deal with the Depression by trying to restore public faith in the community. Hoover attempted to combat the ensuing Great Depression with the strategy of volunteer efforts, but his tactics were useless which produced no economic recovery during his term. -
Period: to
The Great Depression
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Valentine's Day Massacre
This event was a 7 man massacre in Chicago, given this name because it was on the day of Valentine's. The men who were killed were involved in gang activity and were caught lacking by the rival gang. The 7 men who were killed were part of the North Side gang during the progressive era. They got wet up -
Black Tuesday
The Black Tuesday was named after the day New York Exchange crashed. The day of the crash was a result because of inflated stock prices, they were too costly and much higher than their worth. With the products becoming worthless, people started to lose their money. Investors were willing to sell their shares for pennies on the dollar. People also had to borrow money to hold high-priced stocks, that the people became bankrupt. The Black Tuesday marked the beginning of the Great Depression. -
The Dust Bowl
This event, also known as the DIrty Thirties, was referred to the drought in Southern Plains region of the United States after a severe dust storm formed in the 1930s. The dust and high winds spread from Texas to Nebraska, and people and livestock died, and crops failed to grow everywhere. With the Dust Bowl taking place during the Great Depression, the economic depression intensifies and it made many farming families to migrate somewhere else for better living conditions and to find work. -
Hoover Flag
The Hoover flag was a sign that showed you had no money. You would flip your pockets inside out and walk around like that to show where you are from and how you are living. -
20th Amendment
Was known as the Lame Duck Amendment and written by George Norris, which changes the date on which the terms of the President and Vice President (January 20) and Senators and Representatives (January 3) end and begin.This was an amendment that shortened the time between Presidential election and inauguration. In short, the amendment cut the lame-duck period down to 6 weeks so that FDR began his second term a month and a half early. It also said Congress must assemble at least once a year. -
Election of 1932
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (Democratic) ran against the Herbert Hoover (Republican). The election happened around the time that the effects of the 1929 Stock Market Crash and the Great Depression. President Herbert Hoover's fame was falling as voters felt he was unable to reverse the economic collapse or deal with prohibition. In the end, Franklin D. Roosevelt won 472 electoral votes and 22,821,857 popular votes. White Hoover lost with 59 electoral votes and 15,761,841 popular votes. -
The Holocaust
The holocaust was the reason for 6 million of European Jews, including Jews, homosexuals, disabled people and people against Hitlers view of killing Jews The Nazis were responsible for the killings that were happening throughout the time the holocaust was happening . Concentration camps were a way to make sure Jews and others were killed, they would be poisoned, beaten , burned or used as labor workers. The concentration camps were a part of the "final solution" located in Poland and europe. -
First 100 Days
The term First Hundred Days meant that the first hundred days in the first term of a President Of the United States. Every United States president has been judged on the effectiveness of his first 100 days, which is the stretch of just over three months after his inauguration that arguably sets the tone for the rest of his time in office. Until Franklin D Roosevelt took office in 1933 the importance of the president's 100 days commenced. Roosevelt productivity was viewed into enormous popularity -
Concentration Camps
The concentration camps were first made in Germany after Hitler had been appointment as chancellor in January 1933. Germans had established these concentration camps to handle the masses of people arrested as alleged subversives but also included Jewish people, disabled people, gypsies and people opposed to Hitlers beliefs. Concentration camps were disease-infected living areas that allowed disease to spread quickly for the Jewish to get sick and die. They used Jews as labor workers also. -
Emergency Relief Act
This was a relief effort founded by Harry L. Hopkins for the unemployed people with immediate relief goals looking for immediate relief rather than long-term alleviation. The act fought for adult unemployment, they gave money away and provided a short term solution to unemployment. The relief included giving state and localities $3.1 billion and soon 20,000,000 people got jobs. Its purpose was to provide immediate relief until the economy was able to recover. It only lasted for two years. -
The Brain Trust
The trust was coined by James Kieran, a New York Times reporter. The Brain Trusts was a group who helped Roosevelt during his presidential candidacy continued to aid him after he entered the White House. They were more influential than the Cabinet. The trust consisted of Raymond Moley, Rexford Guy Tugwell, and Adolph A. Berle, Jr. They were specialists in law, economics, and welfare, many were young university professors. The government needed to regulate soon became the first new deal. -
Glass-Steagall Act
This act forbade commercial banks from engaging in excessive speculation, added $1 billion in gold to the economy (bank reforms) and established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. This was a reaction of U.S. government to cope with the economic problems which followed the Stock Market Crash of 1929. The $750 million that was kept in the government gold reserve was now able to be in use from the creation of loans. It took the U.S off the gold standard, and gave government power over banks -
Federal Housing Authority
The Federal Housing Administration is a United States government agency created in part by the National Housing Act of 1934. The Federal Housing Administration, generally known as FHA provides mortgage insurance loans made by FHA approved lenders throughout the United States and its territories. FHA insures mortgages on single family and multifamily homes including manufactured homes and hospitals. It is the largest insurer of mortgages in the world, insuring over 47.5 million properties. -
Securities and Exchange Commission
The Securities Exchange Act of 1934, is a law governing the secondary trading of securities in the United States. This Law, together with the securities Exchange Act of 1934, which created the SEC was designed to restore investors confidence in our capital markets by providing investors and the markets with more reliable information and clear rules of honest dealing. Enforces federal security laws, by regulating the securities industry, nation's stock and option exchanges, and other activities. -
Social Security Act
Established a system of old-aged benefits for workers and victims of industrial accidents, unemployment insurance, aid for dependent children and mothers, the blind and physically handicapped. 83 years later, it remains one of the nation's most successful, effective, and popular programs. -
Wagner Act
Guaranteed basic rights of private sector employees to organize into trade unions, engage in collective bargaining for better terms and conditions at work, and take collective action including strike if necessary. The act also created the National Labor Relations Board, which conducts trade unions. Does not apply to workers who are covered by the Railway Labor Act (agricultural or domestic employees, supervisors, federal, state or local government workers, independent contractors, etc. -
Munich Conference
The Munich Conference had been a conference held in Munich, Germany that included the powers of Europe but not including the Soviet Union. The conference was to come to an agreement that permitted Nazi Germany's annexation of portions of land that was inhabited by many German speakers . The agreement was signed in the early hours of September 30th 1938. The agreement is now known as a failed act of appeasement towards Germany and the purpose was to discuss the future of Sudetenland by Hitler. -
Plight of The Jews
The plight of Jews began during the beginning of World War II. Jewish children were targeted by German troops and Nazi's. The Jewish children were targeted the most because Germans believed this would stop reproduction of Jews. They saw Jews as a threat in the German racial community and wanted them to suffer and die. Over 2 million kids were trapped in German territories , ghettos and concentration camps and by the end of the war over 1.5 million Jewish children were reported dead. -
Period: to
World War II
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Beginning of World War II
The begging of world war II had brought the world to the closest to term "total warfare". The average of people dying everyday were 27,000 people between September 1,1939 until the formal surrender of Japan on September 2,1945. The vast majority of the world's countries which included all of the great powers eventually formed two opposing military alliances and the allies and the Axis. It had been the most global war in history and included the most killings than any other war,the most bloodiest -
Alliances
There are 2 major powers: Axis powers and allied powers. Axis power is Germany, Italy, Japan. Allied Powers is Britain, Britain commonwealth nations, France, Soviet Union, US -
Navajo Code Talkers
Native Americans that served the country by enlisting in the armed services and working in thousands of factories across the United States. There were more than 400 Navajos who were eventually recruited as Code Talkers The Native Americans were those who translated U.S. code into the Native American language so that enemy forces could not decipher the content. One of the majors, Howard Connor, said, “Were it not for the Navajos, the Marines would never have taken Iwo Jima.” -
Battle of Leningrad
The siege of Leningrad was known as the 900 day siege. This resulted in the deaths of some one million of the city's civilians and Red Army defenders. Leningrad, Formerly St. Petersburg, capital of Russian Empire, was one of the initial targets of the German Invasion. This was a horrific event. It lasted almost two and one and a half years and cost the life of many. Soviet forces permanently break the Leningrad siege line, ending the almost 900 day German enforced containment of the city. -
Battle of Moscow
Also known as "Operation Tycoon". In October 2nd, 1941, Germans were closing in on the Russians in Moscow. The Russians dig trenches around the city with no plans of retreat. Hitler thought that if believed when the Moscow had been cut out of Russia, the whole nation would collapse.To defend Moscow, the Russians had under 500,000 men, less than 900 tanks and just over 300 combat planes. The Red Army counterattacks the German forces and they are the ones who are forced to retreat. -
Pearl Harbor
Surprise attack. 8 battleships damaged. Planes to supplies destroyed. Failed to cripple American fleet. Aircraft carries not there. Battleships weren't either. Japanese attack American and British territories in SE Asia. -
Tuskegee Airmen
Trained at the Tuskegee Army Air Field in Alabama, they were the first black military aviators in the U.S. Army Air Corps (Air Force). They flew more than 15,000 individual sorties in Europe and North Africa during World War II. Their impressive performance earned them more than 150 Distinguished Flying Crosses, and helped encourage the eventual integration of the U.S. armed forces. -
Executive Order 9066
Signed and issued during World War II by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the order allowed the removal of enemy (Japanese) aliens from parts of the West identified as military areas. As a result, over 120,000 Japanese people were forced to relocate to one of ten different internment camps around the United States. Mainly issued as a result of Pearl Harbor. -
Battle of Stalingrad
The Battle of Stalingrad is considered to be the turning point in World war two in Europe. The Battle bled the German army dry in Russia and after this defeat, the Germany Army was in full retreat. General Paulus surrendered what remained of his army. About 150,000 Germans had died in the fighting. The Soviet victory at Stalingrad was a great humiliation for Hitler, who had elevated the battle's importance in German opinion. -
2nd Battle of El Alamein
The Battle of El Alamein marked the culmination of the World War II North African campaign between the British Empire and the German-Italian army. The second Battle of El Alamein was a battle of the second World War that took place near the Egyptian railway halt of El Alamein. With the allies victorious, it was the watershed of the Wester Desert Campaign. The British victory turned the tide in the North-African Campaign and ended the Axis threat to Egypt. -
U.S Office of War Information (OWI)
The United States Office of War Information was a United States government agency created during World War II. OWI would have connection between the civilian communities and the battlefront through radio, broadcats, newspapers, posters, photographs, films and other forms of media. The office also displayed several overseas branches, which launched a large-scale information and propaganda campaign abroad. -
Operation Barbarossa
Operation Barbarossa began when Adolf Hitler had launched his armies eastward in a massive invasion of he Soviet Union. Three thousand tanks had been smashed across the frontier into the Soviet territory. But after everything German combat effectiveness had reached its apogee in training,doctrine, and fighting ability, the forces invading Russia represented the finest army to fight in the twentieth century. The Germans had very strong serious deficiencies and underestimated their opponent. -
Battle of Montecasino
The battle of Monte Cassino was a costly of series of four assaults by the allies against the Winter line in Italy. This battle marked one of the longest and bloodiest contributions of the Italian campaign during World War II. After attempts to overcome the Germans in the Liri Valley and at Anzio ended in stalemate, the allies struggled to capture the western anchor of the Gustav Line and the Roman Catholic Abbey of Monte Cassino. -
Doomsday
During WWII, around 156,000 American, British, and Canadian forces landed on 5 beaches along France's Normandy region. The invasion was one of the largest amphibious military assaults in history and required extensive planning. Before D-Day, the Allies misled the Germans about the intended invasion target. Allies attacked and gained a victory that became the turning point for World War II in Europe. -
Battle of Burge
On this day, the Germans had the last major offensive of the war, Operation Mist also known as the ardennes Offensive and the Battle of the Bulge, an attempt to push the allied front line west from Northern France to northwestern Belgium. The battle of Bulge, fought over the winter months of 1944-1945, was the last major Nazi offensive against allies in World War two. The battle was a last ditch attempt by Hitler to split the allies to destroy the ability to supply themselves. -
Adolf Hitler
Hitler was born in Austria, and he was a Nazi leader. After World War I, Hitler rose into power in the National Socialist German Workers Party and took over the German government. He created concentration camps for the Jews and other groups that he believed was a threat to Aryan supremacy. The result of his dictatorship resulted to more than 6 million deaths. Later in 1939, Hitler attacked Poland and started World War II. After World War II ended Hitler killed himself before Germany’s defeat. -
Harry S. Truman
Came into office as the 33rd President of the U.S upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt during the waning months of WWII. Truman made the decision to use the atomic bomb against Japan, helped rebuild postwar Europe, worked to contain communism and led the United States into the Korean War. He was reelected in 1848 and served two terms. -
Little Boy
Little Boy was a atomic bomb dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. Little Boy was the first atomic bomb to be used in warfare. Hiroshima bombing was the second artificial nuclear explosion in history and the first uranium based detonation. It exploded with an energy of 15 kilotons. The bomb caused significant destruction to the city of Hiroshima and its occupants. Little boy was a development of the unsuccessful Thin Man nuclear bomb. It was developed by Lieutenant Commander Francis Birch. -
Battle of Berlin
The Battle of Berlin was the last major battle in Europe during World War II. It resulted in the surrender of the German army and an end to Adolf Hitler's rule. The battle began when on Hitler's 56th birthday, soviet artillery began shelling Berlin and did not stop until the city surrendered. The weight of ordnance delivered by Soviet artillery during the battle was greater than the total tonnage dropped by Western Allied Bombers on the city. -
The Atomic Bomb
Powerful weapon that use nuclear reactions as their source of explosive energy developed during WWII. On this year (1945) on August 6th, an American B-29 bomber dropped the world's first atomic bomb over Hiroshima, Japanese. It wiped out 90% of the city population (80,000 immediately, the rest form radiation exposure) -
Potsdam Conference
Held in Berlin, it was the last of the Big Three (Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and U.S. President Harry Truman) meetings during WWII. The agreement between three of the Allies of World War II, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Soviet Union concerning the military occupation and reconstruction of Germany, its borders, and the entire European Theatre of War territory.
