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Jazz
The history of jazz would be originated by African-American communities in New Orleans. During the late 19th and early 20th century, they would develop jazz from the roots of blues and ragtime. Jazz would also be seen as an American class and once it hit the 1920's, jazz would be one of the most recognized form of musical expression. It would then emerge in the form of independent tradition and popular musical styles. -
George Armstrong Custer
George Armstrong Custer was born on December 5, 1839, and would grow up to become a cavalry commander in the American Civil War and the American Indian Wars. General Custer would be known for his battle in Little Bighorn where he led his troops into battle not knowing how many Sioux Indians were there which would eventually lead to his death. Although he died because of this mistake, it would turn him into a war hero. -
Department Stores
First Opened in 1846. Goods organized into different "department". Fixed prices (no bartering). Money back guarantees and free delivery. People shopped for the experience, not just deals. Five and dime stores. Offered large discounts to customers. Discounts buying in bullk. Passed on the customers -
YMCA
The YMCA, also known as the Young Men's Christian Association and the Y, is an organization created by George Williams and was based on the Christian Principles. The YMCA was created for men and it was used to build the body, mind, and spirit of a man. The YMCA was soon added to the United States and became a very popular place for men. Although this YMCA is in America, it had the same principles as the one in London which was their Christian Morals. -
Bessemer Process
The Bessemer Process was the first method in mass-producing steel. It was named after Sir Henry Bessemer and the machine would help Andrew Carnegie become one of the richest men in America. In America, Carnegie was able to use the Bessemer Process to turn America into a power house where steel was used for transportation, buildings, and bridges. With the riches he got from the Bessemer Process, he used most of it to give back to charity and become a philanthropist. -
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Settling the West
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Morrill Land Grant College
The Morrill Land Grant College Act allowed for the funding of new universities in sparsely populated areas, typically in the west, through taxes on the sale of public land. Due to this act, we have universities such as Texas A&M. In many rural areas, people weren't looking much into the advancements of knowledge. However, with this act in place, schools began appearing in the lowest populated areas in hopes to not only bring people in but educate the American people. -
Homestead Act
The Homestead Act was used as a way to help populate the West by advertising, or essentially, giving away free land. With the Homestead Act, settlers would receive 160 acres if the land was improved for at least five years. This played as a huge advantage for former slaves and single women. After the American Civil War over 15,000 homestead claims were made prior and most went to small farmers in the South. This changed later on, as more people became accessible to this grant. -
Standard Oil Trust
The Standard Oil Trust was created in 1863 by John Rockefeller as a way to defend his own built company, in ways to become the largest oil refinery firm in the world. The company was facing many legal issues due to the breaking of monopolies, and trusts were a way to find loopholes regarding these regulations. This trust was a way to become an industrial dominator and establish a strong foothold affecting all countries, not only the United States. -
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Becoming an Industrial Power
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Knights of Labor
The Knights of Labor were an organization which wanted to eliminate market competition for a cooperative one. They were open to all workers, boycotted un-fair businesses, believed in 8 hour working days, and wanted equal pay for both men and women.The name for their organization came from their leader Uriah Smith Stephens who wanted to protect members from their employers having ultimate dominance over their lives. It should also be noted that in 1887, their group grew due to the railway strike -
Transcontinental Railroad
The Union Pacific started in Omaha, Nebraska. It was build in the west on May 10, 1869. The Union Pacific covers 23 states across the western two-thirds of the United States. It is built 1,085 miles of the line from Omaha to the Promontory Summit. -
Laissez Faire
Laissez Faire is the idea in which the government should stay out of the private sphere by allowing the market to take care of itself without any political influence. In other words, businesses would have the ability to run themselves without regulations or rules.This resulted in the creation and large expansion of many monopolies, which the government would later have to deal with. Without any political influence on the market, companies are at all rights to exploit consumers and raise prices. -
Granges
Patrons of Husbandry (raising horses). Farmers formed societies for solutions to ag problems (lecutures, newpapers, experts). Hundreds of thousands of members by 1870. Politically powerful- form parties in 1873 after economy tanks (railroad prices soar). Midwestern legislatures regulate railroads. Granges will disappear when the economy recovers. Were the first of populist movements. Democrats and Republicans will add grangers issues to their platforms. -
Battle of Little Big Horn
The Battle of The Little Bighorn was fought on June 25, 1876 near the Little Bighorn River in Montana Territory. Colonel George Armstrong Custer would lead his army into battle against a group of Sioux who were too much for him which would evidently lead to his death but would make him into a war hero and cause the Sioux to pay for his death which would then cause for their worst nightmare which was a slaughter on their main meat, Buffalo. -
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The Gilded Age
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Exodusters
The name which was given to African Americans who migrated west in order to escape the segregation of Jim Crow. Also commonly referred to as, The Exodus of 1879, is also known as the first general migration of black people following the civil war. Although many migrated, some failed and were forced to return to the South. It was simply a way for Africans to search for a better life and take a shot at the American dream, which they were never granted. -
Lightbulb
Thomas Edison was an American inventor and businessman, who has been described as America's greatest inventor. He developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and the long-lasting, practical electric light bulb. The light bulb would be one of his most famous inventions because of its importance to the United States and the story behind how he tried 1000 times before he got it. -
Farmers Alliance
The Farmer's Alliance took reins from the Granger Movement and had over 5 million white only members. The primary purpose of the Farmer's Alliance for farmers to hold a discussion, overcharge on shipping crops, united farmers, negotiate higher crop prices, receive better loan rates, insurance, and even became political by fighting off monopolies which made it hard for them to grow economically. This alliance brought many farmers together and gave them a voice, both professionaly and politically -
Transcontinental Railroad: Immigrants
Swedish, Norwegian, German (northern areas) and Irish (wage workers) and Chinese were wage workers too. The Chinese were forced racism and violence. The Chinese Exclusion Act had banned further immigrant to the US. Immigrantion quotas: to protect white workers. -
Buffalo Bill`s Wild West Show
Former scout and buffalo hunter started his own western show in the eastern U.S. Show dealt with Indians fights, cowboys and cattle drives, lassoing, and marketmanship. Many formers cowboys, sharpshooters and even Indian (sitting bull). Many Americans today get their view of the West through his show. -
Social Darwinism
Related to the controversial Theory of evolution. Rich people: survival first of the fittest being intelligent, strong, and adaptable. Poor people were until (underling). Advocated against helping the poor. Darwinist Reasoning. -
American Federation of Labor (AFL)
Takes places of KOL. Didn't allow unskilled labors. Didn't allow blacks. immigrants or women. Capitalism instead of cooperatives. 1.4 million members by 1904. Disunity in labor hindered change until the early 20th century. -
Haymarket Riot
May 4, protests planned for killing strikes at Haymarket Sg. Chicago. 300 police came to break up the crowd. Bomb explodes near police. Angry police attack crowd with batons and guns and 7 police died. Press hysterically proclaim a riot. Damage the labor movement into the early 20th century -
Dawes Severalty Act
The Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 was adopted by the U.S. Congress in 1887 and called for a breakup of reservations. Along with this, it forced Native Americans to assimilate into American Christian Society. Their children became white-washed and they changed their cultural ways in order to be accepted by whites. In today's world, people continue to assimilate on their own. However, the difference between today and Dawes Act is the force element placed on Natives. -
Marcus Garvey
Marcus Garvey was born on August 17th of 1887. He became a primary influence in the 20th century as a black nationalist leader due to his large desire for reform in regards to African Americans. Much of his ideas and concepts were influenced by Booker T. Washington, a black activist whom fought and spoke out for the civil rights of African Americans. Marcus Garvey made it his life goal to follow Washington's footsteps and speak out about injustice in black communities and etc during the 1920s. -
Sherman Anti Trust Act
The Sherman Anti-Trust Act was originally made in order to illegalize trusts. However, this didn't stop corporations from buying out politicians, furthermore making it useless to tackle monopolies. This act was simply a way to eliminate trusts and keep high developing industries or companies from expanding far from within their boundaries. Trusts had become a loophole for monopolies to continue their unethical work forms. -
Currency Reform
Issues implementing a standardized nation currency. "Hard money" (business, Republican). Keep the status que (gold). "Soft money" (labor, democrats). Favored paper money. hard money can't be supported expanding economy (silver). Silver going to led to increase price to lead to increase wages. Workers want silver and greenbacks and hoped inflation alleviated debt problems. -
Tenements
Tenements were the epitome modern day ghettos and homeless zones. During the gilded age, not all people lived their lives in glitz and glams. In fact, much of them lived in tenements with multiple family dwellings in terrible conditions. Dozens of families would live in one single home without proper ventilation, light, and even food. Due to the large amounts of people living in this horrific way, rent costs soared and many were evicted for falling behind on their payements. -
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Imperial America
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People`s Party
3rd party forms (farmers, workers, reformers) to bring new ideas and issues. Better serves interests, independents of establishment. A.K.A populist party. Fight corruption and greed. Elimination of monopolies. Coinage of silver. Graduated income tax. Storage of surplus (extra). Democrats and Republicans attack populists. Includes industrial workers. Didn't perform well nationally. States and local level -
Yellow Journalism
Yellow Journalism was started as a way to dramatize and over exaggerate news and the media to create scandals in order to create controversy and attract readers into buying articles. Similar to what YouTubers do today, in order to gain views by making overly-exaggerated titles and thumbnails. Yellow Journalism was very popular in the nineteenth century due to Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst. Not many people know, but yellow journalism got it's name from the yellow paper on articles. -
City Beautiful Movement
The City Beautiful Movement was an action taken in order to eliminate or possibly reduce problems and crime in cities by redesigning. It was a way to make American cities gorgeous and desirable. Many public squares, open parks, boulevards, and classical pieces of architecture were constructed. We can thank the City Beautiful Movement for the stunning sights in cities such as Washington D.C. and Chicago. -
Pullman Strike
George Pullman built luxury railroad cars. Company Town built for employees. Depression of 1893 hurt company. Laid off worker and cut salaries. Worker strike. American Railway Union (ARC). Strikes gain some public support. Increase attention. ARC shuts down American railroads -
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The Progressive Era
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Booker T. Washington
Booker T. Washington was born on 1856 and would be one of the most important people in the fight for Civil Rights. His belief in the movement would be to take it slow but to also make sure that black people would work vocational jobs which he did. He opened up the first Vocational School in Tuskegee so that black people could get the education they needed to be good employees. He believed that the only way they could get rights is if they were economically equal to the whites. -
William Jennings Bryan
William Jennings Bryan was born in Illinois and he would become a Nebraska congressman in 1890. He was star at the 1896 Democratic Convention with his Cross of Gold speech which favored free silver, but he would eventually be defeated in his bid to become the United States president by William McKinley. Although he lost his chance in presidency, he would still travel around to run newspapers and tour as a public speaker. -
Henry Ford
Revolutional auto- industry. Reduced costs: assembly line process, Model T, Sandard auto parts. Improved machinery and produced more cars for less. Passed saving on to consumers and the benefits on the employees. $5 a day and well paid workers brought his products. 8 hour work day. Ford's Rules for $5 workday. Worker worked 1 yr before deal kicked in. Men must live with their families. No gambling but there is excessive drinking. Investigations checked on workers. Company housing open -
Election of 1896
The Election of 1896 would be between two men, William McKinley and William J. Bryan. The 1896 campaign is often considered by political scientists to be a realigning election that ended the old Third Party System and began the Fourth Party System. Although Bryan would seem to win due to his amazing speech and appeal to the people about the silver cause, he would lose to McKinley. McKinley would soon become the president and the leader for the Republican party. -
Treaty of Paris 1898
The Treaty of Paris of 1898 was an agreement made in 1898 that involved Spain relinquishing nearly all of the remaining Spanish Empire, especially Cuba, and ceding Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to the United States. The cession of the Philippines involved a payment of $20 million from the United States to Spain. The treaty was signed on December 10, 1898, and ended the Spanish–American War. The Treaty of Paris would eventually come into effect on April 11, 1899. -
U.S.S. Maine Incident
The U.S.S Maine was commissioned in 1895 and was the first united States Navy ship to be names after the state of Maine. It was originally classified as an armored cruiser and was build in response to the Brazilian battleship Riachuelo. Although it had all of this, the ship would then explode in February 16th, 1898 in the Coast of Havana. The United States would turn this incident into the faults of Spain which would cause us to siege war onto them. -
Siege of Santiago
The primary objective of the American Fifth Army Corps' invasion of Cuba was the capture of the city of Santiago de Cuba. U.S. forces had driven back the Spaniards' first line of defense at the Battle of Las Guasimas, after which General Arsenio Linares pulled his troops back to the main line of defense against Santiago along San Juan Heights. In the charge at the Battle of San Juan Hill U.S. forces captured the Spanish position. -
Open Door Policy
The Open Door Policy was a statement of principles that were initiated by the United States, in order to protect equal privileges for all countries that trade with China. There had been various issues by the United States Secretary of State, John Hay, to Great Britain, Germany, France, Italy, Japan, and Russia. The policy was primarily received as a universal plan that had to be approved by the United States initially. It was simply a way to grant fair trade for all. -
The Wizard of Oz
The Wizard of Oz was published in 1900 and was written by L. Frank Baum. The book would soon become the best seller at the time and would consist of a story of a Kansas girl named Dorothy who gets transported to another world. She would then meet many characters who would help her get back home but each with their own gifts. The book would also become a metaphor for the Guilded age because of the many similarities between the two. -
Platt Amendment
On March 2, 1901, the Platt Amendment was passed as part of the 1901 Army Appropriations Bill. It stipulated seven conditions for the withdrawal of United States troops remaining in Cuba at the end of the Spanish–American War, and an eighth condition that Cuba sign a treaty accepting these seven conditions. It defined the terms of Cuban–U.S. relations to essentially be an unequal one of U.S. dominance over Cuba. -
Philippine-American War
Revolted against Spain. Revolted against U.S too. Had used Guerilla Warfare. 70 k US. soldiers fought in Philippines. Over 40 k US soldiers died. 220 k Filipinos died too. Starved many Filipinos. War ended in 1902 -
Japanese
Modern and Strong. Russo- Japanese War. Japanese embrarrassed Russians. Teddy Roosevelt negotiated a peace treaty. Nobel Prize. Segregation was in California worried about ''Asians". Overrunning it. -
Russo-Japanese War
The Russo-Japanese war was a battle fought between Russia and Japan. This war started when both Russia and Japan began to fight over Korea, Manchuria. They both wanted the land and its resources but by 1904 neither side gained a clear advantage so they both sent reps to Portsmouth, NH. At that location, Roosevelt meditated the Treaty of New Hampshire in 1905. He later received the Nobel Peace Prize for his duties and helping to benefit the Russo-Japanese war. -
Meat Inspection Act (1906)
The Meat Inspection Act was passed in 1906, in response to the novel, The Jungle, written by Upton Sinclair. Due to the book's huge controversy over safe food in America, the U.S. was forced to take action. This act set harsh standards regarding the cleanliness of meat=packing industries, due to a large number of reports from people becoming sick or finding unwanted things in their food such as feces, dirt, or even fingers. -
Model T
The Model T was designed by Henry Ford and was the first production of Ford to be completed. Ford built more of this model once it became popularized in the early 1900's. This vehicle was one of the longest to be produced in automobile history. It was first viewed as a luxury car that only certain people could afford due to its hefty price-tag. Later, Ford found ways to make automobiles more affordable, making them accessible to most Americans, basically developing the world we live in today. -
The Anti-Saloon League
The Anti-Saloon League was founded in 1803 in Ohio, which strictly began as a state organization. This league first focused on the largest single issue of prohibition and it expanding all across the United States. They worked largely through public awareness and supported any of all politicians who supported the banning of alcohol and widespread referendums. This had a huge on politicans, causing them to adjust their debates to better attract votes. -
Square Deal
The Square Deal was made by President Theodore Roosevelt, his plan involved the reform in order for all Americans to be granted and given equal opportunities to succeed and have a better life. Due to all of the advancement in America, these opportunities became more available. The large focus of this deal was to get rid of trusts, regulate big business, give a fair choice of labor, and conserve the environment. -
Angel Island
Angel Island started its use on January 21, 1910. Just like other immigrants, the Chinese came over to America for better economic opportunities and the only way they were able to get through was if they first stopped at Angel Island. In there, they would be detained and interrogated. Some questions could be about their family history or their villages back in China which would be hard for them to answer. Eventually though, if you pass the questions then you would be allowed to stay in America. -
Bull Moose Party
The Bull Moose Party began after the Republican party was split in a very bad shape throughout the election of 1912. It was a way for Roosevelt to break away and form his own party since he did not agree with the points of both other parties. Although his party is known as the Bull Moose Party, many have referred to it as the Progressive Party. However, as we know from U.S. History, third parties only bring forward ideas and take away votes from larger parties. -
The Election of 1912
In the election of 1912, Woodrow Wilson was nominated under the Democratic Party, giving him a strong stands-point due to his support of the "New Freedom" program, which many people during the election were very fond of. On the other hand, the Republicans had split between Taft and Roosevelt's new Bull Moose Party, in regards to the "New Nationalism" program. Since the Republican party was split, it was evident that Woodrow Wilson would win. -
17th Amendment
The 17th Amendment was established due to the need for fairness in policial policies. The Amendment called in that the Senate of the United States should only be composed of two senators from each state. It was also established that the senators were meant to selected directly, making the system less complicated. In fact, this law was intended to make policies more democratic and fair since many officicals were electing people they knew personally, making them underqualified. -
Panama Canal
The United States, under the command of President Roosevelt would start building a canal across a 50-mile stretch of the Panama isthmus in 1904. They would do this after the failure of a French construction team during the 1880's. The main engineer in charge, John Stevens would devise an innovated plan and spurred the crucial redesign from sea-level to a lock canal, but it was successor, Lt. Col. George Washington Goethals who would step up and do the job. -
European Alliances
Demands: own judges and police to invest. Declared war on Bosnia. Germany was allied with Austria-Hungary. Pushed for an invasion of Bosina. Schlieffen Plan: two front views, take out France. Russia was allied with Bosina (Slavic countries). Mobilizes army towards the West. Germany declared war on Russia. Alliances was France with Russia. Germany declared war on France. Great Britain declared war on Germany. Germany attacked France. Pledge Belgian independence. -
Trench Warfare
PISD-post traumatic stress disorder (shell shock). No man's land: (barbed wire, artillery shell had many dead bodied) -
Western Fronts
Trenches. Never moved more than 20 miles. New developments of war. Mustard gas. Airplanes, Tanks, Machine guns. Millions died!. Alvin York; kill over hundred, German, Honored. Industry products to weapons. Artificially high food prices. Conserve for troops. Women takes factory jobs. -
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
In an event that is widely acknowledged to have sparked the outbreak of World War I, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, nephew of Emperor Franz Josef and heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire, is shot to death along with his wife by a Serbian nationalist in Sarajevo, Bosnia, on this day in 1914. He had came to Bosnia on a trip and as he was about to leave, a group of people came and tried to shoot him down, he escaped but was then stuck where a man came and killed him and his wife which caused WWI. -
Shellshock
Through the remainder of World War 1, and much after, Shellshock, otherwise known as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) became an extreme problem for soldiers. The stress they dealt with, was a result of the loud noises and trauma experienced in the war zone. Soldiers would experience moments of shock and sudden scares when being no-where near battle zones. This later impacted them drastically, as they re-joined civilization after WW1. Many of them were forced to attend therapies and etc. -
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World War I
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Trade
America stays neutral. US trade. Britain; Germany didn't like it. No involvement in the war. Blockade Germany. Central Power blockades. American trade affected. U-Boots; German submaines. Allied and American merchant ships. Susses Pledges. Germans not to target passenger ships. Needed evidence existed. Passenger safety. RMS Lusitania. British passenger ship sank. 1200 people died. American anger; reparations, weapons on board?, Newpaper warning. Germany ceases attacks -
Zimmerman Telegraph
The Zimmerman Telegram was invented in order to better expand communication. The telegram was issued from the German Foreign Office and was said to largely benefit the war. It was sent from Germany's secretary in Zimmerman to the Prime Minister of Germany. Zimmerman promoted Mexican to join the Central Powers and in return. In fact, the Zimmergram Telegram was one of the primary reasons the first World War was able to develop. -
Eastern Front
Larger than Western Front. Largely trenchless. Imperial Russia collapses. TSAR overthrown. Boishevik Revolution. Russia turns communist. Vladimir Lenin. Peace treaty with central powers. WWI will now be a 1-front war. -
No Man`s Land
No Man's Land is a term used to show that land is unoccupied and available for anybody to claim. It was used in World War 1 to identify the area of land in between two enemies and their trench systems. Neither side attempted to cross No Man's Land since they would become easy targets and could become attacked in an instant. This is usually near the area where barbed wire fences were set up, just on the outsides of the trenches, similar to boundary set-ups. -
Mustard Gas
The mustard gas or mustard agent was used during World War I for the intention of killing the enemies with chemical warfare. The use of this would be one of the main weapons used by the Germans and would soon be adapted by other countries to be advanced into somethings more deadly. The mustard gas is made up of Bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide and when applied, would cause blindness and burning on the skin which would eventually lead to death. -
First Red Scare
The First Red Scare was a period during the early 20th-century history of the United States marked by a widespread fear of Bolshevism and anarchism, due to real and imagined events; real events included those such as the Russian Revolution and anarchist bombings. At its height in 1919–1920, concerns over the effects of radical political agitation in American society and the alleged spread of communism and anarchism in the American labor movement fueled a general sense of concern if not paranoia. -
18th Amendment
The Eighteenth Amendment effectively established the prohibition of alcohol beverages in the United States by declaring the production, transport, and sale of alcohol illegal. The separate Volstead Act set down methods for enforcing the Eighteenth Amendment, and defined which "intoxicating liquors" were prohibited. Because of the government losing money because they couldn't charge alcohol which was one of their main money makers, the 21st amendment turned it around. -
Benefits
Sick leave. Stock ownership. Pensions. Medical insurance. Paid vacation. All instill loyalty to the company. -
Al Capone
Alphonse Capone, also known as "Scarface" (January 17, 1899 to January 25, 1947) was one of the most famous American gangsters who rose to infamy as the leader of the Chicago Outfit during the Prohibition era. Before being sent to Alcatraz Prison in 1934 for a tax evasion conviction, he had amassed a personal fortune estimated at $100 million as the head of the infamous crime syndicate. Al would also be part of some of the most grueling fights like the St. Valentine's Day Massacre. -
Hospitality Industry
Cottonages is roadside, motels and outside/ Hotel: inside. Sign and billboard. restraurants and gas stations. Vacation Industry (Capitalist Culture) -
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1920s
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19th Amendment
The 19th Amendment was established in order to give women the equal right to vote regardless of their sexual orientation. Since women were granted the right to vote, many people began to question how the role of American women would change. Before the amendment was passed, many women around the U.S. would be huge pioneers in women's suffrage by organizing protests, marches, and taking part in the Seneca Falls Convention. -
Ku Klux Klan
Although the Ku Klux Klan was an organization which had existed for many years, it became extremely influential during the 1900's. It started as a secret military group in the United States, specifically originated in the South but later expanded as it gained popularity towards whites across the nation. They were so organized, that they had their own uniforms, traditional rituals, and shared values. They targeted blacks, Jews, and various other minorites. -
Harlem Renaissance
The Harlem Renaissance was a large movement which took place in the 20th century involving the celebration of black culture and individuality. It first began in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City but later expanded as it celebrated social and artistic creativity. During this renaissance, African Americans had a complete re-birth in status, is known for their successful literature, music, stage performances, and art. Among these, Jazz played a huge role and was in fact stolen by whites. -
Herbert Hoover
President in 1928. Hoover was a orphaned as a child. Humanitarian. Poor public speaker and he was also an introverted. Beginning was good. Limited government introvertion. Business cooperation. -
The Crash
10 days of plummenting stocks. Investors sold of stock. Thousands run on bands. Millions lose life saving!!!. 3 crucial issues: speculation of stocks, used short items loan, prices overinflated. Stock prices fell. No profit to pay off loans. -
Hoovervilles
A "Hooverville" was a shanty town built during the Great Depression by the homeless in the United States of America. They were named after Herbert Hoover, who was President of the United States of America during the onset of the Depression and was widely blamed for it. The term was coined by Charles Michelson, publicity chief of the Democratic National Committee. There were hundreds of Hoovervilles across the country during the 1930's and hundreds of thousands of people lived in these slums. -
Period: to
The Great Depression
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Black Tuesday
Black Tuesday would be the fourth and last day of the stock market crashing in 1929. It would take place on October 29, 1929 and the stock market would lose up to $14 billion dollars on the New York Stock Exchange which would be equivalent to $199 billions dollars today. Black Tuesday would also be the start to the Great Depression because once the stocks dropped, so did almost everything which caused many people go become poor. -
The Dust Bowl
The Dust Bowl was an event with occurred in the Southern Plains of the United States in the 1930s during the Great Depression. Due to many high winds and over-cropping in regions all the way from Texas to Nebraska. As a result of the Dust Bowl, many people and livestock were killed and much of the crops failed throughout the region only worsening the depression. Many people depended on the land for growing cash crops and with soil becoming arid, resources lacked, and the depression flourished. -
Mexican Reparation Act
The Mexican Reparation Act occurred in the year 1930, right in the midst of the Great Depression, causing situations for many people to worsen. In this repatriation, just over a million people were forced out of the U.S. across the border into Mexico. The U.S. did not consider this deportation, since the government simply believed they were returning individuals back to their native country, regardless of their citizenship. In fact, over 60% of those sent away, were U.S. citizens. -
Election of 1932
Herbert Hoover (republican). Bonus March sealed fate. Indifferent towards people. Franklin D. Roosevelt (democrat). Runs conservative campaign. Wins overwhelmingly -
20th Amendment
Changes term dates for President and Congress. Presidental inauguration in January instead of March. -
21st Amendment
Repeals the 18th Amendment. Alcohol legal again!! But you have t be of age (21 age) -
Glass-Stegall Act
The Glass-Stegall Act was largely effective since it was used to separate commercial banking from investment banking and created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, along with many other things. The Glass-Stegall Act was one of the most discussed and debated about laws between legislative initiatives before it was signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the June of 1933. As soon as it was signed by Roosevelt it was passed within days. -
Munich Conference
The Munich Conference occurred in the September of 1938, in where a settlement permitting Nazi Germany's annexation from portions of Czechoslovakia was allowed. This settlement is known as the Munich Agreement and is today regarded as a failed response to Germany, since Adolf Hitler viewed others against his views as fools and demanded he gets his way, in order to meet the wishes of Nazis. The agreement was signed by Germany, France, the U,K., and Italy. -
German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
Hilter's and Stalin's agreement. Brought time. Hilter didn't want twin front war. Take out the west first -
Industry
110 k people Japanese- Americans forced into internment camps all across the West. Lost the whole War. Under gamed guards. Some German and Italian Americans interred as well. Domestic Economy was Great Depression ends through spending. Pries and wage controls. Curbs inflation. Food and gas rationed. Guns, planes, jeeps, ships, and tanks. 19 million woman employed. War Gardens and bonds -
Period: to
World War II
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Western Front
Hilter invaded Poland. Blitzreig (lighting war). tanks. Planes, and infantry. Penetrate and surround. Britain and France declared war on Germany (ww1 began). First attacks Denmerk and Norway/ Rolls through Belgium, Hollard, Lexembourg. French defenses shattered. British and French troops routed. Dunkik hundreds of british ships and plane. Evacuate over 300 k. Germans reach Paris -
Japan
Japanese and Americans ignore military reduction agreements. US wants Chinese trade. Japan building on empire in East Asia. Japn invades Manchuria and kills 6 million Chinese people. Invades indo-china. Sanctions put on Japan. Limited Iron and Oil -
Race Issues
Sit-ins, demonstrations for civil rights begin. Iimited in scope. Military remains segregated. African Americans serve mostly in non- combat roles. The Great Migration and Still continues and race riots. Zoo Suits. Craze started by African Americans in 1920s. Baggy pants, overly long coats and large brimmed hats. Mexican- Americans in California take on the trend. Viewed as gangsters. White mobs assault zoot suiters. 100s injured -
Pearl Harbor
Surprise attack. 8 battleships damaged. Planes to supplies destroyed. Failed to cripple American fleet. Aircraft carries not there. Battleships weren't either. Japanese attack American and British territories in SE Asia. -
Scorched Earth
A scorched-earth policy is a military strategy that aims to destroy anything that might be useful to the enemy while it is advancing through or withdrawing from a location. Any assets that could be used by the enemy may be targeted, for example food sources, water supplies, transportation, communications, industrial resources, and even the locale's people themselves. The practice would be carried out by the military in enemy territories, or in its own home territory. -
Battle of Anzio
The Battle of Anzio was a battle of the Italian Campaign of World War II that took place from January 22, 1944 to June 5, 1944 ending with the capture of Rome. The operation was opposed by German forces in the area of Anzio and Nettuno. The operation was initially commanded by Major General John P. Lucas, of the U.S. Army, commanding U.S. VI Corps with the intention being to outflank German forces at the Winter Line and enable an attack on Rome. -
Fat Man Bomb
The Fat Man was the code name for the atomic bomb that was detonated over the Japanese City of Nagasaki by the Untied States on August 9, 1945. It would be the second atomic bomb to be dropped out of the two dropped on Japanese during World War II. Just like the Little Boy, it would open the world up to the using and powers of nuclear and radiation in bombs and would cause many people to die and sustain problems for future generations. -
Margaret Sanger
Margaret Higgins Sanger was born on September 14, 1879 and was an American birth control activist, sex educator, writer and nurse. Although she seemed like an ordinary person, she would be mostly known for her push for the use of Birth Control so that women could have sex without having the worry of getting pregnant. This was due to the population at the time turning sex into a more pleasure activity rather than just creating children.
