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1899 BCE
Boxer Rebellion
The Boxer Rebellion in China in 1900 has many interesting parallels to events in the early 21st century. “Boxers” was a name that foreigners gave to a Chinese secret society.The group practiced certain boxing and rituals in the belief that this made them invulnerable.The Boxers were openly attacking Chinese Christians and Western missionaries.Boxer bands were roaming the countryside around the capital at Beijing. This was originally a secret society. he Boxers saw anything Western as evil. -
Compulsory School Attendance Law
Compulsory attendance laws are crafted by each state to require school attendance for children of certain ages. Massachusetts became the first U.S. state to enact a compulsory education law in 1852. The 1852 law required every city and town to offer primary school, focusing on grammar and basic arithmetic.Prior to the Massachusetts law, education typically was provided by private schools run by churches. Mississippi was the last state to pass a law requiring school attendance in 1917. -
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Transforming The West
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Morrill Land Grant College Act
The Morrill Land Grant College Act was passed in 1862. This act funded new universities in sparsely populated areas for the benefit of the Agriculture and mechanic arts. This act was named after the sponsor Justin Smith Morrill. This act granted each state 30,000 acres. The funds from the sale that each state received were used by some states to establish new schools or either to existing state or private colleges to create schools of argiculture and Mechanics also known as "A&M". -
Homestead Act
The Homestead Act was an act that was passed in 1862.This act persuaded people to migrate to the west by providing settlers with 160 acres of land.Settlers had to improve the land they were on and stay there for 5 years before owning the land.This act allowed for former slaves, single women, and landless farmers to migrate to the west and start a life there.It helped many settlers settle in the west. In 1862, Abraham Lincoln signed the homestead act.This was the start of a new life in the west. -
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Becoming an Industrial Power
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Promontory Point, Utah
Promontory Point, Utah was the site of a grand celebration as the Union Pacific and Central Pacific touched to complete the transcontinental railroad.This place is so significant to American History because it marks the place where The United Staes actually becomes United. The transcontinental connected the east and west together. Chinese were not in the picture. The Chinese had come over to America and had to do the most dangerous jobs one of them was completing the Transcontinental Railroad. -
Laissez Faire
Laissez Faire is an economic system in which transaction between parties and are a free form government. It was the economic system that allowed business to be free from the government getting involved. It was like free enterprise system. Lissez Faire one of the guiding principles of capitalism and a free market economy. Laissez Faire was the concept that the market could take care of itself without the help of the government or without the government interfering with the market or business. -
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Imperialism
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Red River War
The Red River War started when the U. S. Army launched a campaign to remove the Comanche, Kiowa, Southern Cheyenne, and Arapaho Indian tribes from the Southern Plains and enforce their relocation to reservations in Indian Territory. During the Red River War of 1874, as many as 20 engagements between the U.S. Army and the Southern Plains Indians may have taken place across the Texas region. The Native Americans refused to just leave they were determined to keep the land they were on and fight. -
George Armstrong Custer
George Armstrong Custer was a United States Army Officer and commander in the American Civil War. During this time period, Native Americans were a big problem in America. Many Americans wanted them on reservations, so George Armstrong Custer decided to take it upon himself to move them to reservations. He underestimated Native Americans. He rushed into doing this attack and this is what caused him and his army to be unsuccessful. He gained momentum and Americans looked at him as a hero. -
Baseball
Many middle-class and upper-class men and women had a lot of free time. Many Men dedicated their free time to sports. This is when professional sports became a "thing". Baseball was a very popular sport and it was not labeled as a professional sport until 1901. The first Professional Baseball team was the Cincinnati Red Stockings. Other sports were also popular such as tennis, golf, cycling. People were doing other activities as well such as taking walks, theater and sheet music. -
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The Gilded Age
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Ward Boss
Ward bosses were apart of the political machine. A ward boss was a leader in a political party who controls votes and dictates appointments. Ward bosses would stand at the voting booth and make sure people would vote for who they said to vote for. The political machine is a corrupt system that many people use to get their votes. Ward bosses would make sure they target poor people and the poor people had no other option but to vote. Ward bosses also had close relationships with business. -
Five and Dime Stores
Five and Dime Stores were established during 1879. The purpose of these kinds of stores was to offer customers large discounts from department stores. Five and Dime Stores were so cheap that they attracted many customers and that is what kept them in business. This store offered many inexpensive items for personal use and household use.One of the first Five and Dime Store was through the F.W Woolworth company in July 1879. These stores were so convenient because it sold cheaper goods. -
Exodusters
In the late nineteenth century, An Exoduster was what African Americans who migrated to the west were called. With the Homestead Act being in place many African Americans migrated to the west and they did so with a small fee of $5. There were many reasons why African Americans migrated to the West. Majority of them migrated to the West to escape Jim Crow in the South, Some went for economical purposes, Some even relocated back to the south because they did not find it easy settling in the west. -
Railroads
Railroads were here for a while now but during this era, it was a big deal. Railroads opened up new lands for farming and it allowed for farmers to sell products on the national market. It also caused for cities such as Denver, San Francisco, Portland, Omaha to form. Railroads caused for another big thing such as Time Zones. Time Zones were created for the arrival and departures of the trains from different parts of America. -
City Reform (Sanitation)
New York City was very populated. The city had many trenches and in these trenches, poor people and immigrants stayed here. During this time there was no restroom inside the houses, many of people shared rooms. There were like 20-25 people in one room. The lower section of New York City was nasty. Many people litter, and there was food all over the streets. The streets were filled with horse poop, rotten food, and waste products. In 1881New York City has established their first sanitation agency -
Assassination of Garfield
President James A. Garfield was the 20th president of the United States of America. His death was very interesting. A lawyer named Charles Guiteau shot President Garfield in the back on July 2, 1881. Charles Guiteau reasoning for this was that God had told him to shoot Garfield. He thought he killed President Garfield but it was not the bullet that killed him. President Garfield died on September 19 He died of a ruptured splenic artery aneurysm, following blood poisoning and bronchial pneumonia -
John Rockefeller
John Rockefeller was born July 8th, 1839. He was an Oil industrialist and was considered one of the wealthiest men during this time period. He was the Carnegie of the Oil production. Many people accused Rockefeller of unethical acts such as pricing and colluding with railroads to eliminate his competitors. He gained a monopoly with the Oil industry and many people wanted to stop it. He invented two important elements known as Trusts and Holding companies so the government would get off his back -
Chinese Exclusion Act
The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in 1882. It was a law passed by Congress to restrict immigration in the United States. During this time period, Chinese immigrants were taking on a lot of the jobs that Americans felt that was theirs. Many Americans felt angry towards this and they showed their anger by doing racial things and treating the Chinese bad. Americans also made the Chinese do the most hard-working, Long lasting, dangerous jobs. Americans felt that they were superior to chinese. -
Time Zones
Time Zones were first introduced in 1883. Time Zones were very important during this era because it allowed for people on different sides of America to tell the arrival and departures of trains. This was very Convenient for others so they would be able to get the things they needed on time. There were four standard time zones; Pacific, Mountain, Central, and Eastern. With these four standard time zones, it was easier for railroad operators to manage when the arrival and departures of trains were -
Civil Service Act
The civil service Act is also known as the Pendleton Act of 1883. The Civil Service Act was sponsored by Senator George H. Pendleton.This Act established that positions within the federal government should be awarded on the basis of merit instead of political affiliation.The Pendleton Act of 1883 was passed because of the assassination of President Garfield, who was killed by Charles J. Guiteau, a disgruntled job seeker.This Act limited patronage jobs. -
American Federation of Labor
American Federation of Labor was established in 1886. This organization was formed because of the Knights of Labor. The American Federation of Labor did not agree with everything the Knights of Labor was doing. These two Labor associations were the complete opposite of each other. AFL wanted capitalism instead of cooperatives. AFL was so successful because it required skilled workers unlike the Knights of Labor who required anyone and did not discriminate. -
Sears & Roebuck
Sears & Roebuck started off with Richard Sears. Richard Sears bought an unwanted shipment of watches and he sold them. When he sold them that changed his life forever because he made a very good amount of money off those watches. This began his career as a retailer. Richard Sears later hired someone named, Alvah C. Roebuck to assist him. Years after spending time together working they became good friends, so they decided to start a company by the name of Sears Roebuck & Co. -
Hay market riot
Haymarket Riot was on May 4, 1886. The Haymarket Riot was a planned labor protest for the killed strikers at Haymarket Sq Chicago. During the riot, 300 police came to break up the crowd and while doing so a bomb exploded. Police saw that as a threat and did not take that very well so angry policemen attacked the crowd with batons and guns. As a result , seven policemen died and the press had claimed this event as a riot. This event damaged the laobor movement in the 20th century. -
Dawes Severalty Act
The Dawed Severalty Act is also known as the General Allotment Act.This Act was passed by Congress on February 4,1887.This act allowed for the breakups of reservations and it made assimilation of the Native Americans into American Christian Society.It gave the president access to examine the Native American land and record the features of their land to construct a plan and divide it into allotments for the Native Americans.The purpose of this law was to turn Natives into landowners and farmers. -
Kodak Camera
The kodak Camera was first introduced by George Eastman in 1888. His first camera, the Kodak, was sold in 1888 and consisted of a box camera with 100 exposures. Many inventions were made during this time. George Eastman was an entrepreneur and pioneer in photography. He helped bring photography to the mainstream. This invention lead to many other things during the 20th century. It opened doors for the motion picture camera as well. -
Andrew Carnegie
Andrew Carnegie was a Scottish immigrant who made the best out of what he had. He was an industrialist who took over the steel industry. Andrew Carnegie was the first to invest in the Bessemer process and he made a lot of money from it. He was able to mass produce steel at a low price.He began to monopolize the steel industry. In the late 19th century Andrew Carnegie was considered to be one of the richest men. Andrew Carnegie was so successful because -
Hull House
Hull House was built in 1889. Hull House was a settlement house in the United States and it was co-founded in 1889 by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr.Hull House was the settlement house and it is located in Chicago. This was a model for other settlement houses and Many cities began to get settlement houses. In Hull House, you could do many activities such as cooking and sewing. They gave you hygiene products as well. The purpose for a settlement house was for social and educational reasons. -
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
The Sherman Anti-Trust Act was passed by Congress on July 2, 1890. The Sherman Anti- Trust Act originally made trusts illegal and it was the first act that outlawed monopolistic business practices. Corporations bought politicians to allow trust and when they did they used easy vocabulary to get the politicians on their side. Essentially this act was useless and it did not tackle monopolies very well. As time progressed this law came into full effect. -
New women
During the Gilded age period, Women were very criticized by men. Everything women did had an effect on how society looked at them. For a long time now Women were looked as inferior to men and they had to live this certain way to meet the society needs. Women were not allowed to show their ankles or else they will be considered as an "h**". There were middle-class women now, and women were able to have a lot of free time instead of working in the house. -
Motion Picture Camera
The motion picture camera was invented by Thomas Edison in 1892. The motion picture camera was a very important invention and it still has an impact on today's impact. The motion picture camera even played a huge role in the criminal justice system. Thomas Edison wanted to make an instrument like the phonograph but for the eye...He later came up with the Motion Picture Camera. This was one of Thomas Edison's greatest inventions. It opened so many doors for the entertainment business. -
Populist Party
The Populist Party was established in 1892. The purpose of this party was to replace the Democrats as the nation's second party by forming an alliance of the farmers of the West and South with the industrial workers of the East. The Populist Party mainly focused on railroads, Silver coinage, crop prices, and inflation. The Populists believed that the federal government needed to play a more active role in the American economy by regulating various businesses, especially the railroads. -
The Depression of 1893
The depression of 1893 was one of the worst economic depressions in the history of the United States. The cause of this economic depression was due to the collapse of railroad overbuilding and shaky railroad financing which set off a series of bank failures. Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890 destablished currency, A stock market panic occurred when Philadelphia & reading railroad went bankrupt. 500 banks. 200 railroads and 1,500 businesses failed. unemployment hit by 20 %,Companies cut wages. -
Ida b Wells
Ida B Wells was an African American activist, abolitionist and feminist. She led an anti-lynching crusade in the 1890's. She went on to found and become integral in groups striving for African-American justice. Ida B. Wells established several civil rights organizations. In 1896, she formed the National Association of Colored Women. Ida B Wells was a founding member of the NAACP. She called for President Woodrow Wilson to put an end to discriminatory hiring practices for government jobs. -
Progressives
Progressives during the Progressive era were not a movement. Progressive was a political ideology that favors rational government action to improve society. It arose in response to industrialism and dominated American politics for the first two decades of the twentieth century. Many progressives supported prohibition in the United States in order to destroy the political power of local bosses based in saloons. Some progressives would be women's suffrage, temperance, safety, and health. -
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The Progressive Era
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The Plessy v Ferguson
The Plessy v Ferguson was a supreme court case that happened in 1896. This cause came about when an African - American train passenger Homer Plessy refused to sit in a car for blacks. The significance of the Plessy Vs. Ferguson case was by a seven-to-one majority, advanced the controversial “separate but equal” doctrine for assessing the constitutionality of racial segregation laws. The was challenged in the supreme court that it may have interfered with the 13 amendment and the 14th amendment. -
Rough Riders
The first U.S volunteer Cavalry was also known as the "Rough Riders". Rough Riders were under the leadership of soon to be
President Theodore Roosevelt. This volunteer cavalry was fighting in Cuba. The Rough Riders consisted of many different people such as African Americans, Cowboys, Cops, Athletes, and Indians. The Rough Riders grew to about 300k. The battle of San Juan Hill was an important battle for the rough riders. With the leadership of Theodore he became famous from this battle. -
Yellow Journalism
The main impact that “yellow journalism” had on the Spanish American War was to push the United States towards getting involved in that war.Yellow Journalism is like fake news or exaggerating information or even turning nothing into something.The main impact that “yellow journalism” had on the Spanish American War was to push the United States towards getting involved in that war. "Eye-catching" headlines were another prominent feature of yellow journalism.These headlines pushed sales even more. -
Treaty of Paris (1898)
The 1898 Treaty of Paris was the peace treaty that was made between Spain and the United States following the Spanish-American War. The Treaty of Paris was signed on December 10, 1898. When the ratifications were exchanged. The provisions of the Treaty of Paris were that Spain agreed to remove all soldiers from Cuba, ceded Guam and Puerto Rico to the United States. This treaty allowed for the United States should cede to the United States Porto Rico, the Philippines, and some smaller islands. -
Philippine - American War
On February 4, 1899, fighting broke out between American forces and Filipino nationalists. The ensuing Philippine-American War lasted three years and resulted in the death of over 4,200 American and over 20,000 Filipino combatants. As many as 200,00 civilians died from diseases, violence, and famine. There were two phases to the Philippine-American War. The first phase, from February to November of 1899 and the second phase in November of 1899, lasted through the spring of 1902. -
open door policy
Hay’s proposal for an Open Door Policy called for the establishment of equal trading rights to all nations in all parts of China and for recognition of Chinese territorial integrity. The impact of such an Open Door Policy would be to put all of the imperial nations on an equal footing and minimize the power of those nations., and no nation formally agreed to Hay’s policy.The U.S.had no sphere of influence in China but had long maintained an active trade there, but a challenge was again mounted. -
Urban Design
The diners and motels throughout the U.S. illuminated the night skies, lining our highways, and signing our businesses. Through the 1920’s and 30’s extravagant neon displays, and elaborate neon signs became more common and these large-scale signs began to dominate American downtowns from New York to California.Neon signs quickly caught on as a popular fixture in outdoor advertising in the U.S.. Visible even in daylight, unique in its visual display, people loved the first neon signs. -
Teddy Bear
The term Teddy Bear came from the 26th President of the United States, Theodore Roosevelt. It started with a hunting trip that President Theodore took in 1902. On the hunting trip, Theodore was hunting for bears. He could not find a bear. The next day the hunt guides tracked down a bear that the dogs had found and attacked and tied it down to a willow tree for the President to kill. He took one look a the bear and refused to kill it. The word got around & everyone looked as Roosevelt as a hero. -
Roosevelt corollary
In 1904 Teddy Roosevelt issued the Roosevelt corollary into the Monroe Doctrine. It stated that the United States was an international police power in the Western Hemisphere, giving the United States the power to intervene in Latin America. To show off their power Teddy Roosevelt sent the U.S Navy, the Great White Fleet on a tour around the world. During this time the United States helped start a revolt in Panama in exchange for the rights to build the Panama Canal. -
Anti-Japanese Sentiment
The anti- Japanese Sentiment was also known as the California Alien land act. This act was passed in 1913. Discriminatory activity was happening in California, where many Japanese had settled. President Theodore Roosevelt had acted in 1908 to put end to earlier tensions. Many of these racial views came from a white majority that did not approve of different appearances, languages and customs.Many white people dislike of the Japanese was especially acute because of a strong work ethic -
The Jungle
In 1906, Upton Sinclair wrote the book called "The Jungle". He was Muckraking the Meat-Packing Industry. Upton Sinclair wrote The Jungle to expose the appalling working conditions in the meat-packing industry. His description of diseased, rotten, and contaminated meat shocked the public and led to new federal food safety laws.Upton Sinclair changed people's perception on teh meat industry. Due to this, the federal government passed the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act. -
Henry Ford
In 1903, Henry Ford established the Ford Motor Campany.In 1908, He invented the first ford model which was the Model T.It was the first revolutionary vehicle and it was in popular demand. To meet costumers needs Ford introduced new mass-production methods, including large production plants,the use of standardized, interchangeable parts and, in 1913, the world’s first moving assembly line for cars.He was very outspoken and he drew controversy and widespread criticism for his anti-Semitic views. -
Muller vs. Oregon
The Muller Vs. Oregon was a supreme court case that happened in 1908. In 1903, Oregon passed a law that said that women could work no more than 10 hours a day in factories and laundries.A woman at Muller's laundry was required to work more than 10 hours. Muller was convicted of violating the law. The result of this case was by a 9-0 vote, the justices upheld the Oregon law. The significance of this court case was that Muller was a precedent that enabled the Court to approve some state reforms. -
Bull Moose Party
The Bull Moose Party was also known as the Progressive Party was a political party formed in 1912 by President Theodore Roosevelt after he lost the presidential nomination of the Republican Party to President William Howard Taft. While on his way to deliver a speech he was shot by a Milwaukee man. He still went ahead and delivered his speech with a bullet in his body but assuring them that “it takes more than that to kill a Bull Moose.” This is how the name Bull Moose came about. -
Eastern Front
The eastern front was countries consists of Germany
Romania, Russia, Austria-Hungary, Russo-Turkish, and Romania. There were many battles foughten on the Eastern Front. The eastern front had different fighting tactics from the Western front. Instead of trench warfare and stalemate, the Eastern Front was the war everyone expected. It featured mass armies making sweeping movements, breakthroughs leading to tremendous advances, and progression in both tactics and technology. -
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the start of World War 1. He was assassinated due to Serbia's anger being annexed by Austria-Hungary in 1908. The archduke traveled to Sarajevo in June 1914 to inspect the imperial armed forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina. On June 28, 1914, Franz Ferdinand and Sophie were touring Sarajevo in an open car when Archduke Franz Ferdinand was killed by a Serbian nationalist. The assassination of Franz-Ferdinand and Sophie set off a rapid chain of events -
Central Powers
In WW1 the central powers consist of Austria-Hungary,Germany, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire.The German Empire and Austria-Hungary, the “central” European states that were at war against France and Britain on the Western Front and against Russia on the Eastern Front.The Ottoman Empire entered the war on the side of the Central Powers on October 29, 1914,and Bulgaria came in on October 14, 1915.The Central Powers mobilized around 25 million soldiers, 3.1 million soldiers were killed. -
Western Front
The western front was miles of land stretching through France and Belgium from the Swiss border to the North Sea. The western front began as aFranco-German conflict. Countries on the Western Front included Belgium, France, Great Britain, the Dominion Forces of the British Empire Australia, Canada, India, New Zealand, Newfoundland and South Africa, Portugal and the United States.On the western front there different fighting tactics being used due to the consequences of increased firepower. -
Allied Powers
In World War 1, The allied powers included Great Britain, France, Russia, Itlay and the United States. The allied powers fought against the countries such as Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria who were apart of the central powers. The allied powers came together by the Treaty of London of September 5, 1914. The name allied came from countries that had been allied by a treaty. There are 32 countries in the allied power. The United States tried to remain neutral during the war. -
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World War I
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Ludlow massacre
This was the Colorado coal strike that began in September 1913 and culminated in the “Ludlow Massacre” of April 1914.Eleven thousand miners in southern Colorado worked for the Colorado Fuel & Iron Corporation they went on strike against low pay, dangerous conditions, and feudal domination of their lives in towns completely controlled by the mining companies. they set up tents in the nearby hills and carried on the strike. using Gatling guns and rifles, raided the tent colonies. -
Medical Care
In 1915, progressive reformers proposed a system of compulsory health insurance to protect workers against both wage loss and medical costs during sickness.When reformers did look to the popular movements of the Progressive Era, they found substantial support for health insurance. The emphasis of health reform shifted during the 1920s as medical care became both more effective and more expensive; soon, medical costs and access to care replaced wage support as reformers’ primary concern. -
Booker T Washington
Booker T. Washington was born a slave on Virgina farm, Washington. Booker T. Washington rose to be one the most influential African-American intellectuals of the late 19th century. Washington founded Tuskegee University in 1881. Washington was also behind the formation of the National Negro Business League and he served as an adviser to Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft. He is recognized for his educational advancements and his attempts to promote economic self-reliance. -
Sussex pledge
In 1916, during World War I Germany made a promise to the United States. This promise stated that The German government with the Sussex pledge, agreeing to give adequate warning before sinking merchant and passenger ships and to provide for the safety of passengers and crew.Germany broke the Sussex pledge In 1917, Germany became convinced that it could defeat the Allied Forces by instituting unrestricted submarine warfare before the United States could enter the war. -
Selective Service in WWI
On May 18, 1917, the Selective Service Act was passed. This act was signed by President Woodrow Wilson. The Selective Service Act required all men in the United States between the ages of 21 and 30 to register for military service. The purpose of the Selective Service Act was authorized the United States federal government to raise a national army for service in World War I through conscription. Within a few months, 10 million men across the United States had registered for the military draft. -
Mustard Gas
In 1917, Mustard gas was invented by Fritz Haber. This gas was invented to be used as a weapon. Mustard gas was introduced by Germany in July 1917. Mustard gas was very significant in World War I because it was the introduction of poison gas. The Germans marked their shells yellow for mustard gas and green for chlorine and phosgene. Germans called the mustard gas yellow cross. The name mustard gas came about because the odor of the impure substance is similar to mustard, garlic, or horseradish. -
14 Points
The fourteen points were introduced by President Woodrow Wilson. In the fourteen points was a statement of principles for peace that was needed to negotiate to end World War 1. Wilson wanted lasting peace and for World War I to be the "war to end all wars." His 14 points outlined his vision for a safer world. Wilson called for an end to secret diplomacy, a reduction of armaments, and freedom of the seas. Wilson believed that flaws in international relations created an unhealthy climate. -
Battle of the Argonne Forest
Battle of the Argonne Forest or The Meuse-Argonne offensive was a battle foughten in the World War 1. During this time General John J. Pershing served as the commander of the American Expeditionary Force on the Western Front. The Battle of the Argonne Forest was a major part of the final Allied offensive of World War I that stretched along the entire Western Front. The battle was total of 47 days long. John J. Pershing played a major role and he led the largest American-run offensive of WW1. -
Al Capone
Alphonse Capone was a child from an Italian immigrant family. He was one of the most famous American gangsters who rose to infamy as the leader of the Chicago Outfit during the Prohibition era. Before going to prison he had amassed a personal fortune of about $100 million as the head of the infamous crime syndicate. Many people may know Al Capone as Scarface. The reason he got the name Scarface was from when a hoodlum slashed Al Capone with a knife or razor across his left cheek. -
19th Amendment
The 19th amendment was established on August 18, 1920. The 19th amendment granted American Women the right to vote also known as Women's suffrage. Starting in the 1820's Various reform groups came about across the United States such as the temperance movement,and religious groups . -
Harlem Renaissance
The Harlem Renaissance was the a cultural, Social, artistic, African American movement that occurred during the period of postwar American from World War I. 90% of African Americans lived in the south during this time and a great migration happened where African Americans moved to the North to escape Jim Crow. This great Migration eventually relocated hundreds of thousands of African Americans from the rural South to the urban North. African American culture was reborn in the Harlem Renaissance. -
Speakeasies
Speakeasies were illegal drinking dens, saloons or nightclubs that sold illicit alcoholic beverages during the Prohibition Era. During the Prohibition era, the 18th amendment made drinking alcohol illegal. Alcohol was not to be sold anywhere, well of course many Americans during this time got around this law and was able to get a hold of alcoholic beverages.This is when speakeasies became established. Speakeasies claimed to sell soft drinks but served liquor behind the scenes. -
Credit
"Buy now, Pay Later" was a slogan that commonly used in the 1920's. During the 1920s the United States became a consumer society. Americans were willing to pay extra for luxury and prestige.Cars were the symbol of the new consumer society that emerged in the 1920s. Car manufacturers and banks encouraged the public to buy the car of their dreams on credit. This was the start of an economic crisis. Banks offered the country's first home mortgages. Installment credit soared during the 1920s. -
National Socialist-German Workers’ Party (NAZI)
The national Socialist-German Workers' Party also known as the Nazi party was established in 1920. In 1889, The National Socialist-German Workers' Party was under the leadership of Adolf Hitler. The German party grew into a mass movement and ruled Germany through totalitarian means from 1933 to 1945. Europe went through the Great Depression as well and the people of German were so gullible, Hitler became Prime minister. This Germany party will turn into a totalitarianwhich will shock everyone. -
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1920's
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Duke Ellington
Duke Ellington was an African American composer, pianist, and bandleader of a jazz orchestra. He was a major figure in the history of jazz music. He created one of the most distinctive ensemble sounds in Western music and continued to play what he called American Music. In the 1920's Duke Ellington performed in Broadway nightclubs as the bandleader of a sextet. Ellington made hundreds of recordings with his bands, appeared in films and on radio, and toured Europe on two occasions in the 1930s. -
Ku Klux Klan
The Ku Klux Klan was an organization for Southern White underground resistance to Radical Reconstruction. Ku Klux Klan members were white supremacist. The second Klan peaked in the 1920s when its membership exceeded 4,000,000 nationally. The Ku Klux Klan practiced violence such as hanging African Americans, going to predominantly African American neighborhoods and burning houses, churches. KKK members were against immigrants, African Americans, Jews, Catholics, and even feminist. -
Scopes Monkey Trail
In 1925, the Tennessee legislature passed the Butler Law, which forbade the teaching of Darwin's theory of evolution in any public school or university. John T. Scopes, a science teacher and football coach in Dayton, Tennessee. The American Civil Liberties Union offered to fund the legal defense of any Tennessee teacher willing to fight the law in court. In this case, William Jennings Bryan was the prosecutor while Clarence Darrow agreed to defend ACLU. Williams Jennings Bryan won this case. -
Spirit of St. Luis
The spirit of St. Louis was Spirit of Saint Louis was created by Charles A. Lindbergh. It is the airplane in which Charles A. Lindbergh made the first nonstop solo flight from New York to Paris, May 20–21, 1927. Charles A. Lindbergh landed his Spirit of St. Louis near Paris, completing the first solo airplane flight across the Atlantic Ocean. Lindbergh was just 25 years old when he completed the trip ."Spirit of St. Louis" was named in honor of Lindbergh's supporters in St. Louis. -
Kellogg Briand Pact
The Kellogg Briand Pact was an agreement to outlaw war. The Kellog Briand Pact is also known as the pact of Paris because it was signed in Paris.The purpose of the pact was to prevent another world war from happening. The Kellog Briand Pact resolved differences through negotiation. The Kellogg Briand Pact was named after the United States Secretary of State, Frank B. Kellogg and Foreign minister of France, Aristide Briande.Kellogg was awarded the 1929 Nobel Peace Prize for his work on the pact. -
Herbert Hoover
Herbert Hoover served president during the Great Depression.He was the 31st president of the United States.During the Great Depression, many Americans put the blame on Herbert Hoover. Herbert Hoover was nominated as a Republican candidate in 1928. Less than a year later the stock market crashed and it was the worst economic tragedy in American History.When the election of 1932 came around President Hoover blamed the depression on factors beyond his control.Many people felt like it was his fault. -
Overproduction
Overproduction was one of the causes of an agricultural economic crisis. By the middle of the 1920s, American farmers were producing more food than the population was consuming. A main cause of the Great Depression was overproduction. Factories and farms were producing more goods than the people could afford to buy. land prices for many farmers dropped by as much as 40 percent. The agricultural system began to fail throughout the 1920s, leaving the population with little money and no work. -
Period: to
The Great Depression
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Father Charles Coughlin
Father Charles Coughlin was very significant during the Great Depression era. He was commonly known as the radio priest. Father Charles Coughlin was one of the first political leaders to use a radio to reach a mass audience. In the 1930's he became a national celebrity. He was one of America's influential opinion-maker. Coughlin was a supporter of Franklin Roosevelt but quickly turned against him. Father Charles Coughlin used his radio platform to bash the President and the New Deal Plan. -
The Dust Bowl
The Dust Bowl was an environmental disaster that occurred in the Midwest in the 1930's. A combination of a severe water shortage and harsh farming techniques created it. The lack of rain killed the crops that kept the soil in place. When winds blew, they raised enormous clouds of dust.The drought and dust destroyed a large part of U.S. agricultural production. The Dust Bowl made the Great Depression even worse. When the drought killed off the crops, high winds blew the remaining topsoil away. -
The Holocaust
Th Holocaust occurred in in 1933 and did not end until about 1945. The Holocaust was a genocide of Jews by Hitler and the organization called the Nazi's. Adolf Hitler and the Nazis took over Europe and would put Jews in one certain area. They put them in places that were considered to be the Ghettos. Hitler hated Jews so much because, he believed that Jews were the reason Germany lost World War 1. Approximately 6 million Jews were put into concentration camps and were killed. -
National Industrial Recovery Act
The National Industrial Recovery Act was established in 1933. It was part of the New Deal plan to reconstruct America.The National Industrial Recovery Act was declared unconstitutional in May 1935 when the Supreme Court issued its decision in the case Schechter Poultry Corp. v. the United States. The goal of the National Industrial Recovery Act was to regulate the industry for fair wages and prices that would stimulate economic recovery. The NIRA was established by President Franklin Roosevelt. -
Public Works Administration
The Public Works administration budgeted several billion dollars to be spent on the construction of public works. This administration provided employment stabilizing purchasing power, improving public welfare, and contributing to a revival of American industry. The Public works also spent tons of money on big projects for the American Industry. The reason for the Public Works Administration was to promote economic growth. The PWA funded the construction of more than 34,000 projects. -
"Every Man A King "
"Every Man A King" is a slogan used by Huey Long. Huey Long was the governor of Lousiana and a member of the United States Senate. He used the slogan "Every Man A King" to promote the significance of sharing wealth during the Great Depression. Within a few years, Long had developed a national reputation as the ‘dictator’ of Louisiana. At home, he was known simply as the Kingfish. Huey "Kingfish" Long died from being assassinated by a relative of a political enemy in the state capital. -
Social Security Act
The Social Security Act was passed on August 14th, 1935. The Social Security Act established a system of old- age benefits for workers, benefits for victims, or victims of industrial accidents, unemployment insurance, aid for dependent mothers and children, the blind, and the physically handicapped. The Social Security Act was assigned by President Roosevelt. The new Act created a social insurance program designed to pay retired workers age 65 or older a continuing income after retirement. -
Migrant Mother Photograph
The Migrant mother photograph was taken in 1936 during the great depression.This photograph is one of many Dorothea Lange took.In this photo,there is a thirty-seven-year-old mother who has seven children.This picture is very significant because it demonstrates poverty and it represents what was going on in this time period. Dorothea Lange was an American documentary photographer who took pictures of displaced farmers during the great depression.This photograph was a symbolized great depression. -
Supreme Court Packing
A move by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to increase the size of the Supreme Court and then bring in several new justices who would change the balance of opinion on the Court.The laws delegated an unconstitutional amount of authority to the executive branch and the federal government. FDR wanted to use the plan to appoint justices who would not block his administration’s New Deal programs. FDR's actions forced the Supreme Court to back down but the controversial plan ultimately failed. -
The Wizard of Oz
The Wizard of Oz was an important film during this era. The Wizard of Oz was an allegory for the Gilded Age. It represented a lot of political issues in the film. In this film, the Scarecrow was symbolized as the Populist Party. They were considered dumb poor farmers. Tin Woodsman was symbolized as the Industries and Big business. The Gilded Age gave raise and praise to companies and industries. The yellow brick road serves as a metaphor for the gold standard. There were many symbols. -
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World War II
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Germany & Italy declare war on the United States
On December 11, 1941, Adolf Hitler declared war on the United States which was four days after the Japanese attacks on Pearl Harbor, where he officially declared that Germany would join Japan in the war against the USA. He made an oral agreement he will be joining Japan in the war against the United States.He also believed that Japan was much stronger than it was.Hitler despised Roosevelt for his repeated verbal attacks against Nazi. The U.S. Navy was already attacking German U-boats. -
Segregation in the Military
Segregation was still a thing even in the military even though segregation in the military was not official until 1948. A minority number of blacks, including Nation of Islam founder Elijah Muhammad, openly favored a Japanese victory; The public has largely ignored the fact that the United States Army first took steps toward racial integration early in World War II. A total of 926 black pilots earned their commissions and wings the segregated Tuskegee Army Air Field (TAAF) . -
Navajo Code Talkers
Navajo Code Talkers were very significant in World War II.In wartime, secure communications are crucial, but for the U.S. armed forces, securing messages become a problem.The Navajos were assigned to devise a code in their language that would baffle enemy listeners. Code words had to be short and easily learned and recalled.The men developed a two-part code. A 26-letter phonetic alphabet used Navajo names for 18 animals and birds. Navajo code talkers were Native Americans who did so much in WW2. -
Propaganda during WWII
Posters were widely used by the United States for propaganda during World War II, so much that there were over 200,000 poster designs created and printed during the war. Many comics had common themes among them associated with the war effort whether that be the characters fighting Axis Powers or purchasing war bonds. The United States commissioned a series of seven films. Radio was likely the most widely used form of propaganda during the war, and President Roosevelt’s “Fireside Chat,”. -
Pearl Harbor
In Pearl Harbor was a devastating surprise attack by the Japanese.Pearl Harbor is located in Honolulu, Hawaii.This attack occurred on a Sunday morning.Hundreds of Japanese planes crashed on the U.S naval base.This crash managed to destroy or damage nearly 20 American naval vessels.More than 2,400 Americans died in the attack, and another 1,000 people were wounded.On December 8, 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war on Japan.The US has entered the World War II. -
Battle of Midway
The Battle of Midway was one of the most important battles of World War II. It was the turning point of the war in the Pacific between Japan and the United States.Japanese hoped to trap a number of the U.S. aircraft carriers in a bad situation where they could destroy them.The loss of four aircraft carriers was devastating to the Japanese. Today Midway Island is considered a territory of the United States.The loss of four aircraft carriers was devastating to the Japanese.This occured June 1942. -
Nagasaki, Japan
On August 6, 1945, and August 9, 1945,The United States dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The plane dropped the bomb–known as “Little Boy”–by parachute at 8:15 in the morning, and it exploded 2,000 feet above Hiroshima.A secondary target, Nagasaki, where the plutonium bomb “Fat Man” was dropped at 11:02 that morning. More powerful than the one used at Hiroshima. Little boy and fat man were deadly.The formal surrender agreement was signed on September 2.
