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President Madison takes office
-James Madison was a quiet scholory man
-James had helped to write the Constitution and to pass the Bill of Rights
-Madison sevrved as a politition most of his adult life
-Madison becam one of the leaders to ratify the Constitution.
He was the father of constitution and as champion of the U.S Bill of Rights -
War Hawks Take power
-Members of congress fron the south and west called for war with Britain.
-War Hawks had a strong sense of nationalism
-War hawks felt that Britain was treating the U.S. as if it were still a British colony .
-War hawks saw other advantages of war with Britain
-South of the U.S. , Florida belonged to Spain -
Relations with Great Britain worsen
-U.S. secretary of state praised France still supportave of military action as Americas oldest ally.
-War of 1812 lasted nearly 3 years .
-America had declared war on Britain over control of the seas .
-The French emporer was exiledto Elba in the spring of 1814
-Some 1,500 British veterans who fought under Wellington and defeated the French in Spain arrived in Chesapeake Bay -
USS Constitution scores a victory
*The ''second war of independance'' the U.S secured its independence from Britain
*Named by president Goerge Washington after the constitution of the U.S.A was the worlds oldest comissioned naval vessel afloat
*Lanched in 1797 constitution was one of six original frigates authorised for construction of naval act of 1794
*Constitution is most famous for actions during war of 1812 -
America is not ready for war
*The American declaration of war took the British by surprise
*Jefferson believed in a small federal government and reduced spending on defense so the U.S was not ready for war
*The Navy had only 16 ships to fight against the huge British fleet
*The army was small and ill equipped
* ''The state of the army'' commented a member of congress '' is enough to make any man who has the smallest love of country wish to get rid of it. -
Congress declares war on Britain
*In 1811 the U.S and Britain drifted closer to war.
*To prevent Americans from trading with France , British warships blockaded some American ports.
*One of the most radical and outspoken of the War Hawks was a Felix Grundy from congressman from Tennessee.
*Grundy dreamed of winning an additional land for the U.S
*In June 1812 president Madison asked congress to declare war on Britain .The house voted 79 to 49 in favor of war. -
Invasion of Canada
*General William Hull moved American troops to Canada from Detroit
*The Canadians had only a fewuntrained troops to ward off the invasion
*They were led by a clever and skillful British leader , General Isaac Brock
*Brock let a message with false infromation fall into American hands
*Americans were wrong in thinking that the Canadians would welcome them as liberations from British rule -
Battle of Lake Erie
*In 1813 the Americans set out to win control of lake Erie
*Captain Oliver Hazard Perry had no fleet , so he desighned and built his own ships
*In September 1813, Oliver sailed his tiny fleet against the British
*During the battle of lake Erie the British battered Perrys own ship and left it helpless
*Finally the Americans won the battle -
Battle of Thames
*The U.S victory over British anabled the U.S to consolidate its control over the Northwest
*British leaders were greatly outnumbered and quickly defeated
*many British troops were captured and Tecumseh was killed , destroying his indian alliance and breaking the indian
*The British had about 600 regulars and 1,000 indian allies under intertribal leaders were greatly outnumbered and quickly defeated
*after this battle , most of the tribes abandoned thier association with the British -
Horseshoe Bend
*The leader of the creeks walked alone into Jacksons camp to surrender
*Jackson won a crushing victory of the Horseshoe Bend
The Cherokes helped Jackson
* "I m in your power . do unto me as you please ..." Someting Jack surrendered
*Once again Native Americans had to give uplands to whites -
Washington D.C attacked and burned
*In the summer of 1814, British ships sailed into Chesapeake Bay and landed an invasion force about 30 miles from Washington D.C
*American troops met the British at Bladensburg Maryland
To president Madisons dismay ,the battle hardened. British quickly scattered theuntrained Americans
*In the white house Dolley Madison waited for her husband to return .
*After British troops marched into the capital, Madison gathered up important pepers of the president and a portrait of Goerge Washington -
Writing of the Star Spangeled banner
*A gentelman had left Baltimore in a flag of truse for the purpose of getting released from British fleet
*He was brought up the bay to tapasco where the flag was kept under guns of a frigate
*They watched the flag at the fort for the whole day
*In the night he watched the bombshell and at early dawn his eye was again greeted proudly waving flag of his country -
Hartford convention
*The delagates to the Hartford convention threatened to leave the union if the war continued
*Federalists disliked the Republican president and the war
*While the delagates debate what to do news of the peace treaty arrived
*The Hartford conventionended quickly
*With the war over , the protest was meaningless -
Treaty of Ghent
*The Treaty of Ghent was sighned in the city of Ghent , Belgium on December 24, 1814
*John Adams summed up the treaty in one sentance , ''nothing was adjusted ,nothing was settled ''.
*In 1818 the two nations settled in dispute over the border
between Canada and the U.S
*looking back ,some Americans felt that the war of 1812 had been a mistake .
* ''The people are now more Amerian . They feel and act more as a nation.'' -
Battle of New Orleans
*Andrew Jackson took pensacola in Spanish Florida to keep the British from using it as a base.
*Jacksons force included thousands of frontiersman , many of them were expert riflemen .
*American soldiers dug trenches to defend themselves , on January 8,1815 the British attaked.
*All over the U.S. , Americans cheerled the victory of the battle of the New Orleans -
Attack on Baltimore
*The war fought between the U.S. and the British Empire between 1812 and 1815.
*The battle marked one of the major turning points in the war of 1812.
*On August 24,1814 the British had attacked Washington D.C. and burned and located the whitehouse capital .
*After the victory of the nations capital Alexandrea and Georgetown took part of Baltimore .
*Britiash attacked Baltimore by sea at fort Mchenry , wich stood in defense of the Baltimore harbor .