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Period: 1485 to
Tudors Age
Foundation of a powerful and stable Monarchy not only in England but the whole Britain.
New religion divide: protestant reformation -
Period: 1485 to 1509
Henry VII
Henry VII married Elizabeth of York in 1486 = end of the war of the Roses (Tudors' rose is white and red=symbol of the end of the war)
He avoided war because he knew it was bad for business and since business is good for the country he avoided wars
He reasserted the Crown's authority and forbade private armies, he signed trade agreements, raised taxes, and built a merchant fleet
He created a new nobility including members of the gentry and merchants, party from Wales. -
Period: 1500 to
Protestant Reformation in England: financial and political reasons
Henry VIII needed money and he knew thanks to the Domesday Book that the Church was wealthy and unpopular so his chancellor who was protestant advised him to control the Catholic Church in order to control its wealth
Catholic was criticized for acting like a feudal power and for pardon mongering (you can buy forgiveness from God)
He disliked the control of Spain and France over the Church (Pope Clement was controlled by Charles V, king of Spain) -
Period: 1509 to 1547
Reign of Henry VIII
Henry VIII was less cautious and more ambitious than his father, but he was also angry for power and money which he wasted
He wanted England to play an important role in European politics so he spent a lot of money on war
He created political and financial problems, he will try to solve those problems with a reformation.
His life was full of new wives but only 1 son -
1510
Mariage between Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon
He has been forced to marry Catherine of Aragon (Spanish princess), his dead brother’s widow. -
Period: 1510 to
Protestant Reformation in England: the Bonus for Henry VIII (his divorce)
In 1510, he has been forced to marry Catherine of Aragon (Spanish princess)
By 1526, she still had not given him a son (1 daughter) so he wanted to divorce her and marry his mistress but Pope Clement controlled by Spain forbade this divorce
In 1531, Henry persuaded the English bishops to acknowledge him as the Supreme Head of the Church of England.
In 1533, He gave himself permission to divorce
In 1534, he asked the English parliament to pass the Act of Supremacy (confirm the break with Rome) -
1526
Lack of male heir
By 1526 she still had not given him a son (1 daughter: Mary). He wanted to divorce her and marry his mistress but the Pope (controlled by Spain and the nephew of Catherine of Aragon) forbade the divorce. = another proof that the Catholic Church was manipulated by Spain (England’s enemies/rivals) -
Period: 1530 to
Catholicism, Protestantism, and Anglicanism
The Reformation is the replacement of the Roman Catholic faith with the Protestant faith
The Reformation started in Germany in 1517 with Martin Luther who started Protestantism
3 basic doctrines of Protestantism: salvation by grace alone, through faith alone (no confession and no pardon mongering)+priesthood of all believers (everyone should have access to the Bible)+the supremacy of the Holy Scriptures in matters of faith and order (they do not recognize the Pope’s words or the Pope itself) -
1531
Henry became the Supreme Head of the Church of England
Henry persuaded the English bishops of England to acknowledge him as the Supreme Head of the Church of England instead of the Pope. -
1533
Divorce of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon
He gave himself permission to divorce Catherine of Aragon -
1534
Act of Supremacy
he asked the English parliament to pass the Act of Supremacy (confirm his position of head of English church), it completed the break with Rome and established the supremacy of the State over the Catholic Church of England