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Period: 1455 to 1487
War of the Roses
- Dynastic conflict
- The house of York opposes the house of Lancaster
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Period: 1487 to 1509
Henry VII
- First Tudor monarch
- Ends the War of the Roses
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Period: 1509 to 1547
Henry VIII
- Protestant King
- Proceeds to split from the Catholic Church to create the Church of England
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1533
Act in Restraint of Appeals
- The Pope has no right over England
- Solidifies King Henry VIII's authority and independence from papal juridiction
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1534
Act of Supremacy
The Church of England is created -
1536
Act of Union with Wales
- Wales is legally incorporated into England
- English becomes Wales' sole official language
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1536
Pilgrimage of Grace
- Rebellion
- Leaded by Robert Aske
- Against changes in religion
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Period: 1536 to 1541
Dissolution of Monasteries
- Monasteries are abolished
- Lands are confiscated and sold
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Period: 1544 to 1551
Rough Wooing
Conflict ongoing between Scotland and England -
Period: 1547 to 1553
Edward VI
- Protestant King
- Short reign, weak monarch
- Mainly ruled through his regency council
- Moves toward an even more Protestant (Calvinist) Church of England
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1549
Book of Common Prayer (1)
Contains the wording of prayers and the order of service to be used throughout the Kingdom instead of the old Catholic practices -
1549
Act of Uniformity (1)
Enforces the use of a modified prayer book which retained various Catholic practices -
1552
Book of Common Prayer (2)
- Contains the wording of prayers and the order of service to be used throughout the kingdom instead of the old Catholic practices
- More radical
-
1552
Act of Uniformity (2)
Enforces the use of a modified prayer book which retained various Catholic practices -
Period: 1553 to 1558
Mary I
- Known as "Bloody Mary"
- Catholic Queen
- Attempt at re-catholicization
- Unpopular amongst her peers
-
1554
Attempted coup against Mary I
- Consequence of her unpopular marriage with Philip II
-
1558
Loss of Calais
English defeat under Mary I after war with France -
1558
"The First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstrous Regiment of Women"
- Written by John Knox
- Challenges Elizabeth's ability to reign
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Period: 1558 to
Elizabeth I
- Known as "The Virgin Queen"
- Protestant Queen
- Enables stability to the country
-
1559
Treason Acts (1)
- Elizabeth declares herself Supreme Governor of the Church of England
- Secures her power
-
1559
New Book of Common Prayer
- Established uniformity in Anglican worship
- Established doctrine for the Church of England
-
1562
Beginning of the slave trade
Successful attempt of England's assertion of economic power -
1563
39 Articles
Set of Protestant fundamental doctrines -
1567
Welsh New Testament and Book of Common Prayer
- First major translations of religious texts into Welsh
- Permits more unity within the country
-
1570
Elizabeth's excommunication by the Church
- Declared by the Pope Pius V
- Releases her subjects from allegiance
- Heightens religious tensions
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1571
Treason Act (2)
- Reassertion of Elizabeth's power
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Period: 1577 to 1580
Francis Drake expeditions
- Exploration, piracy and circumnavigation of the globe
- Contributed to England's global influence
-
1581
Treason Act (3)
- Reassertion of Elizabeth's power
-
Period: to
Anglo-Spanish War
Religious, economic, and political tensions -
Babington Plot
- Catholic conspiracy
- Potentially leaded by both Anthony Babington and Mary Stuart
- Attempt at assassinating Elizabeth I to put Mary Stuart on the English throne
-
Mary Stuart's execution
- Consequence to the Babington Plot
- Intensify hostilities between Catholics and Protestants
-
Invincible Armada
- Huge fleet sent by Spain to invade England
- Failed due to bad weather and English defenses
-
Bible translation into Welsh
Permits more unity within the country -
Africa Company
- Trading company
- Enables slave trade and commerce with Africa
-
Period: to
Nine Years' War
- Conflict where European powers united against France's expansionism
- Caused by a need of maintaining balance of power in Europe
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East India Company
- Main trading posts: Bombay, Calcutta and Madras
- Increasingly brutal rule by the East India Company