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Period: 1555 to
The Peace of Augsburg Treaty
The Peace of Augsburg Treaty was a tenet that allowed the prince of the state to choose Lutheranism or Catholicism as their state's religion. The treaty also allowed emigration into the state who dissented. -
Thirty Years' War starts
Tensions were shattered when The Bohemian Nobility rejected "The Peace of Augsburg Treaty" that allowed a religion to be selected by the prince of that state. Following which the Bohemian Nobility threw Ferdinand II's representatives out of the window and the war was officially started. -
Ferdinand II Tensions
Ferdinand II makes his citizens convert to Roman Catholicism which angers the Protestant Bohemian states. The Bohemian states in turn start to break away from the Holy Roman Empire. -
Protestants States Alliances
The Bohemian states formed an alliance with the Protestant states and also formed an alliance with Sweden. Gustavus Adolphus formed an alliance with the Northern Protestant states and helped support the Protestants with Swedish soldiers and mercenaries. -
The War Shifts
Ferdinand II defeated most of the Protestants forced to the East and Northern Austria but was unable to stop fighting in the West. The Protestants begin to hire Ottoman soldiers to fight for them in return for paying the sultan annually. -
Gustavus Adolphus
Gustavus Adolphus was the king of Sweden from 1611 to 1632. He joined the Protestants side in the war and died in the Battle of Lutzen in 1632. -
Catholic States Alliances
The Spanish army joins the Catholics side to fight against the Protestants. The Spanish end up helping acquire more land from the Protestant states. -
Protestants Reclaim Land
Gustavus Adolphus starts to conquer the land that was taken by the Catholic states. Catholic forces are pushed back the Protestant forces. -
Protestant and Catholic Conflict
Albrecht Von Wallenstein had fought the protestants with his 50,000 soldiers that crushed the Sweden forces and somewhat ended the thirty Years War. Most of the rebellion had been defeated yet some still remained to fight back. -
Period: to
The Peace of Prague
The Peace of Prague treaty was made after to protect many of the states from religious wars and the like. The treaty was concluded at the start of the French attacks as the war evolved into a battle for power more than religion. -
Albrecht Von Wallenstein
Albrecht Von Wallenstein was a Czech military leader and had agreed to join the Catholics side for the spoils of war. Albrecht helped defeated the Protestants with 50,000 soldiers at his command. -
French Involvement
The French went to war due to the Peace of Prague being signed, which only protected the Catholic and Lutheran states. The Czech Republic and Austria weren't protected thus leading to more warfare. -
French Warfare
Despite the French also being Catholics they were also upset with The Peace of Prague Treaty. During their attacks they were unable to make any leeway on Ferdinand II's troops despite him being deceased from old age. -
French Fighting Continues
After Ferdinand II's death, Ferdinand III came to the throne and continued to fight the French and eventually pushed them back with a counter-attack. Ferdinand III had pushed the French back to Paris but the French recovered and resulted in a stalemate for the next seven years. -
Consequences
In the end eight million people were killed, the price of wheat was six-fold the normal price. 1/3rd of all farmland had been abandoned and most peasants went for safety in cities instead of on the farmlands. -
Conlusion of The Thirty Years' War
In conclusion of the war a treaty called The Peace of Westphalia was made to stop further wars from happening. The Swedes were defeated while trying to capture a city and as a result Spain lost it's grip over Portugal and the Dutch Republic. The war resulted in eight million casualties. -
Period: to
The Peace of Westphalia Treaty
The Peace of Westphalia Treaty was signed to end the Thirty Years' War. Also ended the conflict between the on-going Eighty Years' War by Spain and the Dutch. -
Sources
History.com Editors, Anonymous. “Thirty Years' War.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 9 Nov. 2009, www.history.com/topics/reformation/thirty-years-war. “The Thirty Years War.” CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Thirty Years War, www.newadvent.org/cathen/14648b.htm. Dhwty, Anonymous. “Social Consequences of the Thirty Years' War: Was It Worth It?” Ancient Origins, Ancient Origins, www.ancient-origins.net/history-important-events/social-consequences-thirty-years-war-was-it-worth-it-008850.
