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Royal Proclamation
-The Royal Proclamation established the recognition of First Nations people.
-It laid down the foundation of making the Numbered Treaties, and the further problems to occur later on.
-The government at the time was able to gain more control over the land, and its peoples because of the Royal Proclamation. -
British North America Act
-First Nations had lost their indigenous rights and statuses.
-They became non-status Indians, taking away any sort if right they once had, and were then having to be "citizens".
-This act was made to formally unite the colonies into one Confederation and create Federalism. -
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Red River Resistance
-The Metis were worried about their culture, religion, and land being threatened.
-They weren't even consulted before their home was striped away from beneath their feet.
-The government took control of Rupert's Land because it contained two of Canada's most important Fur Trade companies. -
Manitoba Act
-Gave the Metis protection for regions, but they weren't full recognized.
-New settlers coming into their region frightened them because they were afraid of their way of life being endangered.
-The government was able gain many benefits from this, while still giving property rights to the Metis. -
Indian Act
-This brought tremendous amounts of anguish to the First Nations peoples of Canada by stripping them over their culture, traditions, and ceremonies.
-It also was the start of forcing First Nation children into residential schools to, as the first president said, "Beat the Indian out of them".
-The government enacted this for the reason of wanting to assimilate them into the Canadian society. -
Treaty 6
-The indigenous peoples were trying to protect themselves from the settlers.
-They were also worried about starvation, because of the decrease in Bison.
-The government wasn't interested at first, and after awhile they agreed. -
Treaty 7
-They were very hesitant because they didn't trust they would uphold their promises.
-It gave them land reserves and other benefits.
-The government wanted this for their hunting grounds. -
Northwest Resistance
-The Metis and the First Nations peoples were starving because of Bison being killed.
-They fought to regain their original way of life and rights.
-The Canadian government refused to negotiate with ant demands they had. -
Manitoba Schools Act
-One of the Metis fears had come to pass when many were resenting the funding for French Catholic schools.
-Many didn't think the French language and culture would survive in western Canada.
-This act was made to respond to the issue by making an English only school system. -
Treaty 8
-First Nations peoples were provided with reserves and cash payments.
-They were also promised the rights of hunting, trapping and fishing, mining, lumbering, and trading.
-The Canadian government wanted to open a region for trade travel. -
The Métis Betterment Act
-Land wasn't deemed suitable in some colonies.
-Had a lack of self-governance for the Metis peoples.
-Canada did this to plot out land for the Metis. -
Indigenous suffrage
-Indigenous peoples were free to vote without having to give up their status, but were still worried at first about it happening.
-Indigenous women were now capable of voting, meaning they were allowed political participation and Canadian citizenship rights.
-Politicians were concerned at the start, just like the indigenous just for different reasons, but later on had little to no concern with them being able to vote in elections. -
The Charter of Rights and Freedoms
-The Charter of Rights and Freedoms gave all Aboriginal peoples rights and freedoms.
-This meant the start of being able to practice their own cultures, traditions, and ceremonies freely.
-The prime minister, at the time, wanted all Canadians to have the rights and freedoms, including Aboriginal peoples. -
Day of Action
-The indigenous were concerned with the lack of government action on land claim issues, the quality of health and social service programs, poverty, and lastly the cancellation of the Kelowna award.
-They were able to get their voices heard by peacefully protesting the issues.
-Highways were shut down and the police had to go closely coordinate. -
Present-day court victories for the Métis
-In Daniel's case, the court ruled that Métis and non-status peoples are considered Indians under the act.
-This could lead to further discussions for them having Indian statuses.
-Justin Trudeau, the Prime Minister, said the Canadian Government would work with one another to find a path forward of landmark ruling.