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General Mohammed Daud becomes Prime Minister
- Utilises Soviet Union for economic and military help
- Creates social reforms – e.g. abolition of purdah (practice of secluding women from public view).
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Mohammed Daud forced to resign as Prime Minister
Tension between neighbouring country Pakistan and Afghanistan due to Daud’s reforms -
Constitutional Monarchy introduced
Leads to political polarisation and power struggles -
Mohammed Daud declared himself prime minister/president after a coup
Declares Afghanistan a republic -
Mohammed Daud overthrown and killed in pro-soviet coup
Peoples Democratic Party comes to power -
Soviets decided to invade Afghanistan
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Soviet forces deployed in Afghanistan
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Babrak Kamal new leader of Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
After Hafizullah Amin, who was Afghanistan’s president after the pro-soviet coup is assassinated -
two Mujahideen coalitions formed
Moderate & fundamentalist
One created in June, one created in August -
United Nations calls for Soviet retreat
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USA begin supplying Mujahideen with Stinger Missiles
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Babrak Kamal is replaced by Mohammed Najibullah.
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Afghanistan, USSR, the US and Pakistan sign peace treaties
Beginning of Soviets removing their troops -
Final Soviet troops removed from Afghanistan
Civil war continues in Afghanistan as the Mujahideen try to overthrow Mohammed Najibullah