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Period: to
The Russian Revolution
-The major events that caused the Russian Revolution and the major events that resulted from the Russian Revolution -
Reign of Czar Alexander III
- He used autocracy while in power.
- He imposed censorship.
- Police watched over schools.
- Political prisoners were sent to Siberia.
- He took away other national groups in Russia and made Russian the official language and forbade using other languages.
- Jews were targeted due to not being Orthodox.
- He wanted one race in Russia.
- He contributed to the Bolshevik Revolution because his cruel rules made the people of Russia start getting evolutionary ideas due to not liking being oppressed.
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Reign of Czar Nicholas II
- Czar Nicholas II used Russian autocracy.
- Russia started to industrialize.
- Industrialization brought bad working conditions, low wages, and child labor.
- The government outlawed trade unions for the working class
- Czar Nicholas II contributed to the Bolshevik Revolution because the working class was mad about how he did not do anything to improve their standard of living or give them political power. This made the working class want to revolt.
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Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905)
- Fight over the control of land between Russia and Japan
- Countries fought over Manchuria and Korea
- Japan went through Meiji Era and therefore was industrialized
- Japan won the war and got the land
- Russia was embarrassed for being defeated by a previously imperialized nation
- Significant to the Bolshevik Revolution because the people of Russia had an example of Russian weakness, which made them want to industrialize. Also, this loss added another negative to Czar Nicholas' reputation.
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Creation of Duma
-Duma was the new and first parliament in Russia.
-Czar Nicholas wanted to please his people so that they would not revolt and start riots.
-The Duma's leaders were moderates who wanted Russia to become a constitutional monarchy.
-He dissolved Duma 10 weeks after May 1906 because he did not want to share power.
* =This was significant to the Bolshevik Revolution because it was an attempt to make the people happy, but the Czar dissolved it which may have caused some to become angry. -
Bloody Sunday
- Protest of around 200,000 working class members
- Protest for better working and living conditions
- Went to St. Petersburg to protest to the Czar
- Chose Sunday because it was a holy day, showing that the working class wanted a civilized protest
- Many of the people ended up being slaughtered by the Czar's guards
- Czar Nicholas II was not present at the event
- This event started the Bolshevik Revolution because the working class blamed him and it sparked riots and revolt all through Russia
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World War I (1914-1917)
-Russia was unprepared to handle economic and military costs and German army, causing 400 million Russian soldiers to be killed, wounded, or taken prisoner.
-Czar Nicholas went directly to the war front, so his wife, Czarina Alexandra, took over the government.
-She took advice from the disliked Rasputin.
*Allowed for the Bolshevik Revolution because people were upset at the Czar for not leaving the war. Also, Russia fell under influence of Vladimir Lenin who helped pull Russia out of the war. -
Death of Rasputin
-Rasputin was a "holy man" who was from a lower-class family
-Supposedly had magical healing powers
-He healed the Czar's son, Alexis, of symptoms of hemophilia
-He was able to make political decisions and give friends powerful positions
-Nobles murdered him because of his role in political affairs
-He was hard to kill
* Significant to the Bolshevik Revolution because the nobles turned on the royal family, so now most of Russia is against the Romanov rule, allowing for socialism to take place -
Abdication of Czar Nicholas II/est. of Provisional Government
-Czar Nicholas II stepped down due to the March Revolution, and one year after, the Romanovs were murdered
-Duma leaders established a temporary, provisional government
-Alexander Kerensky headed it and his decision to continue WW1 lost his support from the Russian people
-Socialist revolutionaries fought for power causing soviets, councils of workers, peasants, and soldiers, to form
* Allowed for the Bolshevik revolution because socialist ideas were circulating due to bad Russian conditions -
Bolshevik Revolution
-In 1917, the Bolshevik Red Guards stormed the Winter Palace and took over government office
-Farmland was distributed among the peasants and control of factories was given to the workers
-Treaty of Brest-Litovsk made Russia give territory to Germany and its allies, causing Russians to get embarrassed
*Allowed for the USSR because the USSR gave control of Russia to the communist party, and since the Bolsheviks made all the decisions during the Revolution, the USSR formed based on their control -
Civil War (1918-1920)
-The White Army opposed the Bolsheviks
-White Army made of divided groups such as groups who wanted democracy, groups who wanted the czar, and socialists who did not like Lenin
-Western nation sent military aid to help the White Army
-The civil war killed around 14 million Russians
-Leon Trotsky commanded the Red Army into victory
*Allowed for the formation of the USSR because the Red Army (Bolsheviks) was able to win power over Russia, allowing them to create the communist nation they desired. -
Establishment of the USSR
-The USSR used capitalism called the New Economic Policy
-Gov't controlled many industries, but allowed for some private ownership
-USSR was organized into self-serving gov't republics that were under a central government
*The USSR was significant because it created a dictatorship by the communists, changed the economy, and restricted some activity. There was no nationalism present. Long-term consequences were that Russia was not united and had a different economy than the majority of the world. -
Stalin's Rise to Power (1922-1927)
- Joseph Stalin changed his name to Stalin which means "man of steel"
- Stalin worked behind the scenes to move his supporters into positions of power
- Gradually, Joseph Stalin gained more power, and in 1928, he gained total command of the Communist Party
- Joseph Stalin gaining power was significant to the USSR because after Lenin died, the USSR needed a new leader. Stalin's strategy to gain authority of the USSR and release his terror upon the USSR
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Lenin's Death
-Lenin suffered a stroke in 1922, but survived and ended up causing competition for the new head of the Communist Party once Lenin died
- Before Lenin died, he wrote that he felt Stalin had an extreme amount of power that he did not know how to properly use
-In 1924, Lenin died from a stroke
* Lenin's death was significant because the first leader of the USSR died, allowing for Joseph Stalin to take over and rule over the USSR with totalitarianism and terror for a significant amount of time -
Leon Trotsky's Exile
-Leon Trotsky was the man who helped bring the Red Army to victory during the civil war
-He was exiled to Alma-Ata by Stalin and then later to Mexico
-It is believed that soviet agents assassinated him in Mexico
* Leon Trotsky's death was significant because it showed how Stalin was willing to do anything to make sure no one stood in his way of complete power. With Trotsky gone, Stalin's main competition for control of the USSR was taken away, allowing Stalin to implement his ideas on the USSR
