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The Abolishment of Serfdom
It all started in the 11th century. Serfdom was the ruling relationship between the peasants and the nobility in the 17th century. It only existed in central and southern Russia. The new laws that were created permited to own land. Conclusively, serfdom was abolished by Tsar Alexander II in 1861. -
The murder of Rasputin (1869-1916) (1)
Rasputin defined himself as a ´´holy man´´, he said he has magical powers. In 1915 he was asked by the Czars to go to the palace and cure Alexis the son of NicholasII and Alexandra. The symptoms of the child disappeared magically. Czarina Alexandra let Rasputin take political decisions. The prime minister Alexander Trépov offered him money if he returned to Siberia, but he didn´t. -
The murder of Rasputin (2)
Yusupov, Purishkeviches and grand duque Dmitri tried to kill Rasputin by telling him to go to Yusupov palace. Here they tried to give him cakes with cyanide. Rasputin ate a poisonous cake but nothing happened. They decided to shoot him instead and threw his body to the Neva River. He was found the 18 of December of 1916. -
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Alexander III
Alexander III controlled all three powers, with means he was an absolute czar. He condidered the following people dangerous: anyone who questioned absolute authority, anyone who was not orthodox or people who spoke another language. He took rigid measures, such as censorships. He wanted to establish a uniform culture and in order to do that he declared Russian as the official language. In 1882 a new policy was created called “May Laws” , which banned Jews from living in rural areas and shtetls. -
Alexander III, Czar of Russia (1845-1894)
(We aren´t sure about the day they tried to kill him, we only know that it was in March 1887) As a result of the attempted assasination, the conspirators were sent to trial and shot. Since then, laws against Jews started. Nevertheless Russia enjoyed a period of peace, education and great material and industrial processes.
The Franco-Russian alliance was formed. It was a very beneficial alliance because of the tension there was between Great Britain and Russia. -
Trans-Siberian Railway
I just wanted to include a picture. -
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Trans-Siberian Railway
The Trans-Siberian Railway is a system of railways that connect Moscow with the eastern part of Russia and the Sea of Japan. It has a length of 9,289 km which means it is the longest railway in the world. It was built from 1891 to 1916. The minister of the Russian government oversaw the construction which was delegated by Czar Alexander III and by his son, Czar Nicholas II. -
Nicholas II ( 1868-1918 )
In 1915 he moved the headquarters to the war front. Czarina Alexandra ran the government while he was in the war. She was influenced by Rasputin. As Rasputin cured Alexis the son of Nicholas and Alexandra she allowed him to make political decisions. Rasputin was murdered in 1916.
Prices were inflated and people protested for a change and the end of the war. Nicholas and Alexandra were not able to solve these problems. -
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Nicholas II
Nicholas II was the last Czar of Russia. He was married to Czarina Alexandra and had a son named Alexis. NIcholas´soldiers were ordered to kill the people who were at the Winter Palace. Russia named it ´´Bloody Sunday´´. Nicholas promised freedom and in oder to do that he approved the creation of Duma (first parliament) that was the dissolved by the czar. In 1914 he dragged Russia into WW1. Russia was defeated because of its generals weaknesses and poorly equiped troops. -
The division of Marxist into two groups
There were some revolutionary movements, in which workers organized strikes to protest.
In 1903, the Russian Marxist divided into two groups depending on their revolutionary tactics. The groups were classified in Mensheviks and Bolsheviks. Mensheviks were moderate, they wanted to have the support of the population for the revolution. While Bolsheviks were more radical and sacrified everything for a change. -
Russo-Japanese War (8 February 1904 – 5 September 1905)
In Russia between 1904 and 1917 there were some crises which led the way to the revolution. In the 1800s´ Japan and Russia fought for the control of Korea and Manchuria. These two cities signed some agreements, but Russia broke them and Japan attacked the Russians´. -
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WW1
In 1914 Nicholas II harrow Russia into the WW1. They weren´t prepared economically or militarily. Their generals were weak as well as their troops. Russia was defeated. -
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Provisional Goverrnment
The provisional government was set up by the Duma because of the abdication of the czar. It was temporary as its name said. Kerensky was the leader, he made the decision to continue fighting in WW1. He had the support of the soldiers and the civilians. The war made Russia become weak and that made people angry. The Soviets fought for the power and they seemed to have more influence in the provisional government. -
March (February) Revolution
In March 1917 the people who worked in Petrogrand organized strikes. The riots started by shortages and fuel. Over 200.000 workers went on strike. Soldiers were ordered to kill the strikers but in the end they also joined them. The March Revolution led to the abdication of the czar. When he abdicated the Duma created the Provisional Government. -
The October Revolution (1) (7-8 of Nov. 1917)
The October Revolution was guided by Lenin and it was based on the ideas Lenin wrote about the thoughts of Karl Marx. It is known as Marxism-Leninism. It was the result of deliberate planning and the activity coordinated to that end. Lenin was the leader of the Bolsheviks Party but he wasn´t the one who led the revolution in the Winter Palace, that was Trotsky. On 7 November 1917, Lenin and his revolutionaries revolted against the Provisional Government. The Provisional government ended. -
Lenin (1870-1924)
Lenin Speech In November 1917, the workers bursted into the Winters Palace in Petrograd, as if they were the Bolsheviks Red Guards. They arrested the leader of the provisonal government and government officers.
Farmland was distributed to peasants and the control of the factories to workers. Bolsheviks signed a truce with Germans to stopped fighting. In March1918, Russia and Germany signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovks. -
Civil War in Russia
In the picture we can see the Bolsheviks, Red Army, and the opponents, the White Army. -
The October Revolution (2)
The Provisional Government ended and it was replaced by a government of soviets and a local council. The White Army fought against the Red Army in the Russian Civil War. -
Lenin (1870-1924)
Many Russians opposed the Bolsheviks and their policies as well as the murder of the royal family. -
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Civil War in Russia
The Bolsheviks wanted to sent their enemies home. Their opponents formed the White Army, composed of people of different classes, ones wanted that a czar ruled, others wanted democratic government and the last ones were socialists who opposed to Lenins´style of socialism. The leader of the Red Army was, Leon Trotsky. The Civil War lasted from 1918 to 1920. USA sent military aids and forces to the White Army.
There was famine, as welll as hunger and an epidemy of flu. Red Army won the war. -
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Lenin
Lenin was the leader of Bolsheviks, one of the two Russian Marxist groups. They were radicals and sacrified everything willing for a change. Lenin had an engaging personality, was an excellent organizer as well as being ruthless. In the 1900s´ he fled to western Europe to avoid being arrested by the czarist regime. When he believed it was safe, he returned to Russia. Lenin and the Bolsheviks took control of the Petrograd soviets. -
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
This Treaty was signed by the Bolsheviks government and the Central Powers. It marked the end of the participation of Russia in WW1. According to the treaty, Russian Soviets stopped paying the commitments to the Triple Entente alliance. Bolsheviks gave up the Baltic States to Germany and Kars Oblast to the Ottoman Empire. The independence of Ukraine was also acknowledged. Russia agreed to pay reparations. -
NEP
What is New Economic Policy I think it is an interesting video. Thanks to the NEP and the peace Russia recovered, in 1928 the production became the same as before the WW1. -
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New Economic Policy (NEP)
The Russian economy was ruined by the war and the revolutions. Trade stopped, industry production dropped, so skilled workers fled to another places. In March 1921 Lenin reestablished a small-scale version of capitalism called New Economic Policy (NEP). This new polcicy let the peasant sell the surplus products. The industries, banks and means of communication were owned by the government. Some small factories, bussinesses and farms were controlled by a private ownership. -
USSR
Russia became known as Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. It existed from 1922 to 1991. It was governed by the Communist Party. And it was highly centralized. -
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Stalin
Stalin was one of the two most distinguised men in the Communist Party. He was cold, hard and impersonal. While he was a Bolshevisk he changed his name for Stalin which means ´´man of steel´´. He became the head of the government between 1922 and 1927. In 1922 he was the general secretary of the Communist Party. In 1928 he took absotute control of the Communist Party. Stalin stood as a dictator. -
Lenin Restored Order
Lenin organized Russia into self-governing republics which were controlled by a central government.
Bolsheviks changed the named to Communist Party. In 1924 a constitution based on socialist and democratic principles was founded. The Communist Party held all the power and they were a dictatorship. -
Leon Trotsky exiled (1879-1940) (1)
Leon was exiled in 1929. He was Marxist and the founder and first leader of the Red Army.Trotsky initially supported Menshevik but he joined the Bolsheviks before the 1917 October Revolution, and became a leader within the Bolsheviks. He was a primary figure because of the Bolshevik victory in the Russian Civil War. Trotsky was pulled out from power, expelled from the Communist Party and exiled from the Soviet Union in 1929. He continued in exile in Mexico. -
Leon Trotsky exiled (2)
He opposed Stalin´s non-aggression pact with Adolf Hitler. He was killed by Ramón Mercader because Stalin ordered it. His family was arrested and executed. His ideas founded the Trotskyism, theories that were believed to oppose Stalinism. In the late 1980s, his books were released. -
Bloody Sunday
Some British soldiers shot 26 unarmed civilians during a protest. The march was organized by the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association and the Northern Resistance Movement. When the protesters arrived to the Winter Palace they were shot by Nicholas ´soldiers. Russia named it ´´Bloody Sunday´´.
