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Period: to
Russian Revolution
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Reign of Czar Alexander III
Anti-Semitic sentiment
Condoned and encouraged other Russians to target Jews (pogroms)
Alexander Promoted Nobles, one-man rule, one religion, and one race
Significance: This set stage for the RR because people were unhappy with the czar -
Russo-Japanese War
Russia and Japan were in competition over territory in Northern China
Japan was more industrialized, had more ground troops, and a better navy than Russia
An annoyance over social classes grew in Russia, the strike compelled Czar Nicholas to change Russia to a constitutional monarchy to make the people happy.
Significance: This led to the RR because the people blamed the Czar, and wanted Russia to change into a constitutional monarchy, and create the Duma -
Establishment of the Duma
a legislative body put in place to make Czar N subjects happy
Significance: Follows R-J war+and Bloody Sunday, done to improve Czar's reputation. -
Bloody Sunday
People were going to present a list of complaints to demand relief from their working/living conditions
The police open fired
100 killed
3,000 wounded
Significance: The Russian people had uprisings across the country an the people had less belief in their government (why he created the Duma) -
Death of Rasputin
He was an uneducated peasant, mystic, exorcist, and healer
He became popular because of his ability as a healer
He was assassinated by a noble (drowning)
Left behind a note telling the Czarina that she and her family would die within the next two years if he was killed by a nobility
Significance: Czar was blamed for leaving Alexandria with the influence of Rasputin in charge when he went to war -
Reign of Czar Nicholas II
Russia struggled economically, industrially, and agriculturally, Czar ignored the issues.
Created Duma to change the government into a constitutional monarchy to make his people happy with him.
Significance: He was disliked because he ignored his people's issues and cared only about what he wanted which caused revolts leading to Bloody Sunday and the RR. -
The Abdication of Czar Nicholas II/est. of Provisional Government
Russia's failure in WWI because of its lack of Industrializing --> Czar blamed
A Provisional government was put in place when CN abdicated his throne
Significance: People will get annoyed with the Provisional government and will come together and overthrow the Provisional Gov. under the influence of Lenin's Newspaper creating the BR -
Bolshevik Revolution
Lenin created the Cheka
- Secret police that target enemies of the Bolshevik
Bolshevik reforms
- Redistributes farmland to peasants; turn factories over to the
worker
Ended involvement in WWI
Significance: Led to the Civil war, millions of deaths -
Russia's participation in WWI
Russia was not industrialized enough to fight in the war effectively, so when Russia didn't pull out of the war Czar Nicholass subjects where displeased.
Significance: Russians blamed Czar for the failure of WWI -
Civil War 1918-1920
Follows the same format as other revolutions
Foreign countries get involved as well
Red army: (Bolshevik) Lenin's army- led by Leon Trotsky (political leader)
White Army: (Allies from WWI)
Red Army won
Significance: This led to the USSR, also since the Reds won communism was okay for Russia to have. -
Establishment of the USSR
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, or the Soviet Union
Communist (fmr. Bolshevik) Party holds all the power
This is not true communism because there is a government
The Soviet Union will exist until 1991
Significance: Self-governing republics discouraged nationalism - wants people to be dedicated to communism, not each other -
Lenin's Death
Complication of who will take his place
Leon Trotsky- red army commander. He was expected to take over
Less aggressive/in favor of a democratic form of socialism
Joseph Stalin (man of steel)
Lenin feared him, did not think he was committed to communism
Manuplitets is way into power despite Lenin's concerns
Significance: The "fight" for power will cause Trotsky's execution and the deaths of millions -
Stalin's Rise to Power
By 1928 Stalin is in total command of the communist party
Has Trotsky killed by an ice pick in 1929
Rise to power → 1922-1927
Stalin will later become dictator of the Soviet Union -
Leon Trotsky's exile
sent to Mexico
Mexico not far enough so one year later Stalin had him killed by an ice pick
Significance: Moved him so his subjects would not be distracted by another candidate, also afraid of what his influence could bring .
