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Alexander II
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Alexander II
His liberal education and distress at the outcome of the Crimean War, which had demonstrated Russia’s backwardness, inspired him toward a great program of domestic reforms, the most important being the emancipation (1861) of the serfs. A period of repression after 1866 led to a resurgence of revolutionary terrorism. -
Alexander III
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Alexander III
He was the emperor of Russia from 1881 to 1894, opponent of representative government, and supporter of Russian nationalism. Moreover, he adopted programs, based on the concepts of Orthodoxy, autocracy, and narodnost, that included the Russification of national minorities in the Russian Empire as persecution of the non-Orthodox religious groups. -
Abolishment of Serfdom
In 1861 Alexander II freed all serfs in a major agrarian reform. Stimulated in part by his view that "it is better to liberate the peasants from above" than to wait until they won their freedom by risings "from below".
Serfdom was abolished in 1861,but its abolition was achieved on terms not always favorable to the peasants and served to increase revolutionary pressures.All the land stayed in noble hands and labor rent lasted till 1868. Landless workers had to ask permission to leave an estate. -
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Nicholas II
He was killed by the Bolsheviks after the October Revolution.
He was the last Emperor of Russia, Grand Duke of Finland, and titular King of Poland.Nicholas II ruled from 1 November 1894 until his forced abdication on 15 March 1917. His reign saw Imperial Russia go from being one of the foremost great powers of the world to economic and military collapse. -
Lenin
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Lenin
Vladimir Lenin was founder of the Russian Communist Party, leader of the Bolshevik Revolution and architect and first head of the Soviet state. He was the posthumous source of "Leninism," the doctrine codified and conjoined with Marx's works by Lenin’s successors to form Marxism-Leninism, which became the Communist worldview. He has been regarded as the greatest revolutionary leader and thinker since Marx. -
Nicholas II
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Stalin
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Joseph Stalin
Born in Georgia, Joseph Stalin rose to power as General Secretary of the Communist Party in Russia, becoming a Soviet dictator upon Lenin's death. Moreover, he ruled the Soviet Union for more than two decades, instituting a reign of terror while modernizing Russia and helping to defeat Nazism. Furthermore, his Red Army helped defeat Nazi Germany during WWII. -
Trans-Siberian Railway
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Trans-Siberian Railway
With the help of British and French investors, work began on this world longest continuous train line. It connected Europen Russia in the west with the Russian ports of the Pacific Ocean in the east. -
Division of Marxists into two groups
Russian Marxists split into two groups over revolutionary statics. The more moderate Mensheviks wanted popular support. The more radical Bolsheviks supported committed revolutionaries willing to sacritice everything for change. The major leader of the Bolsheviks was Lenin. -
Russo Japanese War
The Russo-Japanese War was fought between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over rival imperial ambitions in Manchuria and Korea. The consequences transformed the balance of power in East Asia, resulting in a reassessment of Japan's recent entry onto the world stage. -
Bloody Sunday
Bloody Sunday was a massacre in St. Petersburg of peaceful demonstrators marking the beginning of the violent phase of the Russian Revolution of 1905. At the end of the 19th century, industrial workers in Russia had begun to organize; police agents, eager to prevent the Labour Movement from being dominated by revolutionary influences, formed legal labour unions and encouraged the workers to concentrate their energies. -
WWI
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WWI: The Final Blow
In 1914, Nicholas II made Russia participate in WWI. This decision was inapropiate since its army was not prepared to the German one. For that reason, Russian soldiers were killed, wounded or taken prisoner. Moreover, it showed the weakness of the czarist rule and military leadership. -
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WWI
Just see the video. I think it is a very good one.
The Great War was caused by four MAIN causes: militarism, alliances, imperealism and nationalism. World War I was an international conflict that embroiled most of the nations of Europe and USA. Fourtunately, it ended with the Treaty of Versailles. Nevertheless, Russia got out of the war in 1917. -
The Great War: The Final Blow II
In 1915, Nicholas moved his headquaters to war front leaving his wife runnig rhe government. Nevertheless, she gave the control to Rasputin, who eased the disease of his son. He opposed the reforms measures and gave high political positions to his friends. He was murdered in 1916.
Meanwhile, there was a lack of supplies and neither Nicholas nor his wife could solve them. -
Murder of Grigory Efimovich Rasputin
http://www.tubechop.com/watch/5743838- A brief summary of Rasputin's life After failing to become a monk, Rasputin became a wanderer and eventually entered the court of Czar Nicholas II because of his alleged healing powers. Known for his prophetic powers, he became a favorite of the Nicholas's wife, but his political influence was small. He became swept up in the events of the Russian Revolution, and met a brutal death at the hands of assassins in 1916. -
March (February) revolution
In March 1917, women textile workers led to a strike shouting "Down with the autocracy!" and "Down with the war!". At first, the soldiers obeyed orders to shoot at them, but then sided with them.
The local protest exploded into that general uprising, the March Revolution. Nicholas II was forced to abdicate. So, leaders of the Duma established a provisional government.
The leader did not satisfied the needs of the population. Even he made it worse. So this revolution did not worth it. -
Russian Provisional Government
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Russian Provisional Government
Russian Provisional Government The Provisional Government replaced the tsar's government that collapsed during the revolution in March 1917. -
October Revolution
In November 1917, armed factory workers stormed the Winter Palace. Calling themselves the Bolshevik Red Guards, they tok over government offices and arreted the leaders of the prvisional government. Kerensky, the head of the provisiomal government, and his colleage disappeared almost as fast as the czarist regime they had replaced. -
Russian Civil War
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Russian Civil War
The Civil War was to tear Russia apart for three years. During this time, the Bolsheviks faced massive opposition to their rule in the form of the White Armies (right side) and also from intervention by the forces of foreign countries. The Bolsheviks were surrounded by their opponents and had no experienced military commanders.
In 1921, the Bolsheviks had defeated their enemies and gained a complete victory. The establishment of Communism in Russia went ahead unchallenged. -
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Within days after the Bolsheviks takeover, Lenin ordered that all farmland be distributed among the peasants. Both gave control of factories to the workers. The Bolsheviks government also signed a truce with Germany to stop all fighting.
In March 1918, Russia and Germany signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. Russia surrendered a part of its territory to Germany and it allies. The humiliating terms angered among the Russians. They objected to the Bolsheviks, their policies and the royal family. -
New Economy Policy
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New Economy Policy
The New Economic Policy (NEP) was introduced to replace the failed policy of War Communism. The NEP advanced with almost a capitalist approach to economic growth. However, the NEP did not totally solve Russia’s economic problems. The disaster that had been World War One and the tribulations of the civil war and War Communism had devastated the economy. Although many problems had been solved, there were still many more to solve and Stalin attempted to do this with collectivisation. -
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Bolshevik leaders saw nationalism as a thret to unity and party loyalty. To keep nationalism in check, Lenin organized Russia into several self-govening republics under the central government. I 1922, the country was named the USSR, in honor of the councils that helped launch the Bolshevik Revoluton. -
Leon Trotsky into exile
He was the revolutionay leader of the Bolshevik Red Army during the Civil War.
In 1922, the Communist Party, Lenin's party, needed a competition for heading up it. Trostsky and Stalin competed. Stalin began hi climb to the head of the government between 1922 and 1927 (the Five-Years Plan in economy) as general secretary of the Communist Party. Lenin died in 1924. Stalin was in total command of the Communist Party in 1928. Trostsky exile in 1929. While Stalin had the absolute power as a dictator.
