The Rise of the Islamic Civilization

Mamluk Dynasty (1250 - 1517)

1250 BCE

Mamluk, also spelled Mameluke, slave soldier, a member of one of the armies of slaves established during the Abbasid era that later won political control of several Muslim states. Under the Ayyubid sultanate, Mamluk generals used their power to establish a dynasty that ruled Egypt and Syria from 1250 to 1517.

Ayubid Dynasty ( 1169 - 1250)

1169 BCE

The Ayyubid dynasty was the founding dynasty of the medieval Sultanate of Egypt established by Saladin in 1174 following his abolition of the Fatimad Caliphate of Egypt. A Sunni Muslim of Kurdish origin, Saladin had originally served Nur ad-Din of Syria, leading Nur ad-Din's army in battle against the Crusaders in Fatimad Egypt, where he was made Vizier.

Seljuq Dynasty (1037 - 1194)

1037 BCE

The Seljuq dynasty , was a high medieval Turko-Persian Sunni Muslim empire, originating from the Qiniq branch of Oghuz Turks. At the time of its greatest extent, the Seljuk Empire controlled a vast area, stretching from western Anatolia and the Levant in the west to the Hindu Kush in the east, and from Central Asia in the north to the Persian Gulf in the south.

Fatimids Dynasty (910 - 1171)

910 BCE

Originating during the Abbasid Caliphate, the Fatimids conquered Tunisia and established the city of "Al Mahdia" (Arabic: المهدية‎). The Shiite dynasty ruled territories across the Mediterranean coast of Africa and ultimately made Egypt the center of the caliphate.