The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia

[Political] New political System

Nov 11, 600

New system -Three departments of Six Ministries was established
-Under this system, royal power was enhanced,
-work division in court became detatiled.
-also, Imperial examination system in stead of hierarchial system.

Sui Yangdi (Yang guang)

Nov 9, 604

Yangdi- -Completed the integration of southern China into the empire
-Emphasized the Confucian Classics in an examination system for public employment
-Emphasized the Confucian Classics in public examinations
-Built second capital at Luoyang
-Engaged in great construction projects, such as grand canal

[Economic]]The Grand Canal

Nov 11, 610

The Grand Canal -most elaborate project during Sui dynasty
-World's largest waterworks projects
-To facilitate trade between northern and southern China.
- From Hang zhou to Chang'an.
-Provided political and cultural unity

Tang Taizong

Nov 9, 630

Taizong -Succeeded throne in 626 by murdering two brothers and forcing the abdication of his father
-But became one of the greatest emperors China has known
-Built well articulated trastportation and communication network
-Expanded China farther westward than ever before
-Distribution of land by equal-field system
-Reliance on bureaucracy based on merit

[Economic] Tan&Foreign Relations

Nov 11, 650

Diplomatic relationship -China, middle kingdom, a powerful empire
-reqired tributeary relationships
-Neighbors regularly delivered gifts to Middle Kingdom, and perfor the kowtow
-Its relationship with neighbors forsted trade and cultural exchanges as diplomatic contracts

Wu Zhao

Nov 11, 700

Wuzhao -Intelligence, wit, beauty lead attration
- concubine at the court of Tang Taizong
-Took opportunity when emperor suffer from stroke
- In 690, proclaimed imperial title for herself
- Brutal punishment for those who oppose her
-First woman who actually ruled China

[Social] Equal-Field System

Nov 11, 720

EFSystem -Allocation of agricultural land
-It ensures an equitable distribution of land
-To avoid social problems
However, later, problems occurs as population grows.
-But still, it provided foundation for stability and prosperity in China

[Economic] Transportation and Communications

Nov 11, 750

Transportation -Extensive communications netwrok based on roads, horses, and human runners.
-Tang court could communicate within its empire in eight days.
-Facilitated trade, which resulted in economic growth

[Politic] Enormous Song Bureaucracy

Nov 11, 1000

ddd-Song emphasized more centralized imperial government
-Thus, the size increased enormously.
- To afford large bureaucrats, they raised tax.
-Civil rebellions and eventually weakened the dynasty.

[Social] Foot binding

Nov 11, 1000

-Reflect Patriarchal Social Structure
-Spread during Song era
-Binding foot to prevent natural growth of foot
-Put women under men's control

[Economic] Paper money

Nov 11, 1024

dd -During Song, Government forbade private parties to issue paper money and reserved that right for the state
-First paper money in 1024 (under government auspices)
-To facilitate commercial transactions

[Social] Patriarchal Social Structure

Nov 11, 1050

dddd
-Tightening of patriarchal social structures.
-To enhance family solidarity
-Ancestors became much more elaborate
-Not only remembering and invoking their aid in rituals performed at home, but also grave site rituals.

[Economic] Wolrd Wide Trade

Nov 11, 1100

dddddd -increased productivity of agriculutre,
-improved trasportation systems,
-increased population,
-urbanization,
-industrial production
-All lead to trade with various regions in the world
-Maritime international trade
-Overland internation trade
-Tightly integrated Chinese economy
-Economic expansion

Song Gaozong (Zhao Gou)

Nov 11, 1140

ZhaoGou -Built Southern Song
-Fled to South China when nomadic Juchen captured Gaozong's father
-Reestablished Southern Song dynasty in 1127

[Economic] New Agricultural Techoniques

Nov 11, 1150

ddd-Increased productivity by adopting improved agricaultural techniques.
-increased use of heavy iron plows
-enriched soil with organic matter.
-Irrigation systems
-Increased agricultural potential

[Political] Invasion of nomadic people

Nov 11, 1200

-During 12th century, nomadic Jurchen conquered the Khitan
-Jurchen captured Song capital and procaimed establishment of Jin Empire.
-Song greatly reduced in size
-Moved its capital to Hangzhou
-Survived only in Southern China

[Social] Population Growth

Nov 11, 1200

-Due to Increased agricultural production, Chinese population rapidly grew.
-From about 45million in 600 C.E. it reached abouy 115 million in 1200.
-It reflected well distributed food and productivity of the agricultural economy

[Politic] Mongol Forces

Nov 11, 1279

-Southern China remained after Jin empire was established
-Mongol forces under Kublai Khan came and incorporated southern China into their empire.

Sui Wendi (Yang Jian)

Mar 2, 2022

<ahref='http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/639678/Wendi' >Sui Wendi</a>-
-Extended his rule to China
-Established Sui Dynasty
-Built a strong, centralized government
- Promulgated a penal code and administrative laws that were simpler, fairer, and more lenient than those of the predecessor
-Simplified the taxation

Song Taizu

Mar 2, 2022

Taizu -Was military leader, and statesman who founded the Song dynasty
-Began the reunification of China
-Expanded bureucracy based on merit
-Regarded all state officials as servants of imperial government
-Generous salaries

[Political] Invention of Gunpowder

Mar 2, 2022

dd -Daoist alchemists discovered how to make gunpowder
-At first, limited military effectiveness.
-But eventually, refinements enhanced their effectiveness.

[Political] Bureaucracy of Merit

Mar 2, 2022

d -relied on performance on imperial civil service examinations
-Recruited officials from educators of Confucism and who mastered classic works of Chinese literature and philosophy
-By late Tang era, more officials from common families.

[Political] Decline of Tang

Mar 2, 2022

Reason for decline of Tnag -In 755, Emperor neglected public affairs
- Lushan revolt and captured capitals
-Army unable to defeat rebellious forces
-So, they invited Uighurs to suppress revolts, in turn, they demanded right to sack capitals.
-Soon, everything turned badly,
-Continuous rebellions
-In 907, last emperor abdicated throne.

[Economic] Rice cultivation

Mar 2, 2022

Rice cultivation -In Vietnam, they encountered fast-ripening rice
-It produces 2 crops per year
-Quickly expnaded supply for food
-Benefited enormously
-increased efficiency
-Supply of food increased

[Social] Women's Highest statue

Mar 2, 2022

Society in Tang -Most enjoyable time for women
-Play sports
-freer in fashion and conduct

[Political] Decline of Sui dynasty

Mar 2, 2022

Decline of Sui -Tyrant, Emperor Yang
-Luxurious life
-Because of supporting tons of elaborate projects, it needed millions of labors and high taxes to build capital.
-Soon, continuous rebellions, and eventually ended the dynasty.

[Social] Buddhism

Mar 2, 2022

Buddhism-Popular during Sui dynasty
-Gained prominence
-created unifying cultural force for Sui,
-Rebirth of culture in China under Sui,

[Political] Foundation of Sui dynasty

Mar 2, 2022

Sui dynastry -Sui Wen Di united China into one
-Established Sui dynasty
-sent military expeditions into central Asia and southern China

[Economic] International Trade

Mar 2, 2022

Effects of Grand canal By constructing Grand Canal,
-Able to transport food crops in large quantities by water
-Facilitate trade between northern and southern China

[Social] Urbanization

Mar 2, 2022

urbanization -Increased food supplies encouraged the growth of cities
-Chang'an was the most populous city, and most urbanized land in the world.
Hundreds of shops, restaurants theather, markets..

Sui Dynasty

Period: Mar 2, 2022 to Mar 2, 2022

Sui
Sui dynasty is a short dynasty that unified China, which experienced fragmentation during last four centuries. Sui set the stage for artistic and cultural renaissance in China. Moreover, certain political and economic advances were achieved during Sui dynasty. Chang'an was its capital city.

Tang Dynasty

Period: Mar 2, 2022 to Mar 2, 2022

Tang
Tang dynasty developed a successful form of government and administration on the Sui model, and stimulated a cultural and artistic renaisance that amounted to a golden age. At its apex, the economy, politics, culture and military strength reached an unparalleled advanced level.

Song Dynasty

Period: Mar 2, 2022 to Nov 9, 1279

SongSong Dynasty is consisted of the Northern Song (960-1127) and the Southern (1127-1279). Because of prosperous economy and culture, the Song Dynasty was also considered as period of 'golden age' after the Tang Dynasty.During Song dynasty, highly advanced technologies developed rapidly, such as agriculture, iron-working and printing. Furthermore, the government was advanced by selecting highly educated scholars chosen from examination. Finally, population grew rapidly in Song dynasty.