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1202
Transmission of Greek Text during the 4th Crusade
Opens the door to learning and discovery -
1449
Birth of Lorenzo de’ Medici
the most powerful the enthusiastic patron of Italian culture -
1455
Gutenberg prints the first Bible
Widely praised for its high aesthetic and artistic qualities, the book has an iconic status -
1516
Thomas More writes Utopia
His book, Utopia, is about the political system of an imaginary, ideal island nation. -
1517
Martin Luther posts 95 Theses on the door of Castle Church
In his theses, Luther condemned the excesses and corruption of the Roman Catholic Church -
1517
Leonardo da Vinci paints the Mona Lisa
The painting is thought to be a portrait of Lisa Gherardini, the wife of Francesco del Giocondo. -
1534
King Henry VIII begins Protestant Anglican church
Under King Henry VIII, the Church of England broke with Rome, because Pope Clement VII refused to grant Henry an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. -
1543
Nicolas Copernicus publishes On the Revolution of the Celestial Spheres
Nicolaus Copernicus argued that the Earth moved across the heavens as one of the planets. -
1564
William Shakespeare is born
William Shakespeare was an English poet, playwright and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's greatest dramatist. -
Galileo invents a thermometer
Because his device did not have a numerical temperature scale, it is not technically considered a thermometer. This early thermometer is more precisely called a thermoscope.