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Jul 15, 622
The Status Quo in Madinah at the Time of Emigration
Emigration to Madinah could never be attributable to attempts to escape from jeers and oppression only, but it also constituted a sort of cooperation with the aim of erecting the pillars of a new society in a secure place. Hence it was incumbent upon every capable Muslim to contribute to building this new homeland, immunizing it and holding up its prop. Reference -
Jul 15, 622
The Prophet's Migration to Medinah (Hijrah)
The Prophet (S.A.) called the people in Mecca to Islam and stood firm when faced with the persecutions of the Quraysh, till the thirteenth year of his mission. He eventually got to know that the Quraysh had hatched an incredible plot to kill him, so he put Hazrat 'Ali (A.S.) to sleep in his bed in his place and left Mecca at night; he hid in a cave, and then migrated from there to Medina.
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Period: Jul 15, 622 to Dec 31, 630
Important Events
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Sep 27, 622
A New Society Being Built
The first task to which the Prophet attended on his arrival in Madinah was the construction of a Mosque, in the very site where his camel knelt down. The land, which belonged to two orphans, was purchased. The Prophet himself contributed to building the Mosque by carrying adobe bricks and stones while reciting verses from the Quran. Reference -
Jan 15, 623
Delegations & Expeditions
After he had been twelve months in Madinah several small expeditions went out, led either by the Prophet himself or some other of the fugitives from Makkah for the purpose of reconnoitering and of dissuading other tribes from siding with Quraysh. One purpose of those expeditions may have been to accustom the Makkah Muslims to going out in war like trim. Reference -
Feb 11, 624
The Qiblah
Till then the Qiblah (the place toward which the Muslims turn their face in prayer) had been Jerusalem . The Jews imagined that the choice implied a leaning toward Judaism and that the Prophet stood in need of their instruction. He received command to change the Qiblah from Jerusalem to the Ka‘bah at Makkah. Reference -
Mar 13, 624
Battle of Badr
The first battle between the Muslims and the unbelievers of Makkah took place at Badr (a valley between Makkah and Medina) in the second year of the Hijrah. In this battle, there was about one thousand fully equipped unbelievers. The Muslims were about one-third of them and lacked all necessary war equipment, but divine dispensation afforded the Muslims a bright victory and defeated the unbelievers in the worst possible way. Reference: Subhani, Ja'far. The Message. 2004. Print. -
Mar 19, 625
Continued - Battle of Uhud
Were killed, and even Muhammad himself was badly injured. The Muslims had to withdraw up the slopes of Uḥud. The Meccans did not pursue the Muslims further, but marched back to Mecca declaring victory. For the Muslims, the battle was a significant setback: although they had been close to routing the Meccans a second time, their breach of Muhammad's orders reaped severe consequences. Reference -
Mar 19, 625
Battle of Uhud
Whilst heavily outnumbered, the Muslims gained early initiative and forced Meccan lines back, thus leaving much of the Meccan camp unprotected. When Muslims were winning, a serious mistake shifted the outcome of the battle. A breach of Muhammads orders by the Muslim archers, who left their assigned posts to despoil the Meccan camp, allowed a surprise attack from the Meccan cavalry, led by Meccan war veteran Khalid ibn al-Walid, which brought chaos to the Muslim ranks. Many Muslims (continued) -
Feb 1, 627
Invasion of Banu Qurayza
This took place during February and March. The Islamic Prophet Muhammad besieged the Banu Qurayza for 25 days until they surrendered. One of Muhammad's companions decided that "the men should be killed, the property divided, and the women and children taken as captives". Muhammad approved of the ruling, calling it similar to God's judgement, after which all men members of the tribe were beheaded. Reference -
Feb 1, 627
Invasion of Banu Al-Mustaliq
The two armies were stationed at a well called Al-Muraysi, near the sea, a short distance from Mecca. They fought with bows and arrows for an hour, and then the Muslims advanced so rapidly, they surrounded the al-Muṣṭaliq and took the entire tribe as prisoners, with their families, herds and flock. The battle ended in full victory for the Muslims. Reference -
Mar 31, 627
Continued - Battle of Khandaq
City. They inevitably besieged the city and started battle in which Amr ibn Abdwudd, a most renowned equestrian and famous brave man of Arabia, was killed by Ali. Finally, as a result of wind, cold, the fatigue of the Arab idolaters from the extended duration of the siege, and difference and separation between Jews and Arabs, the siege got broken without any result; thus the army of unbelievers dispersed around Medina. Reference -
Mar 31, 627
Battle of Khandaq
A fully mobilized army comprising of Quraysh, various Arab tribes, and Jewish people rushed to Medina totally equipped. Having come to know of the enemy's intentions beforehand, the Prophet consulted his disciples. After a long discussion, they dug a trench all around the city of Medina according to the proposal of Salman Al-Farsi who was a close companion of the Prophet. They then got fortified within the city. After reaching Medina, the army of the enemy found no way to enter the (continued) -
Dec 31, 630
Conclusion
There are several lessons that can be learnt from the Prophet through this timeline. We are responsible of delivering the Message regardless what we will face. We should neither succumb to the pressure nor give up our mission. We should continue doing our task because we have noble goals and we do that for the sake of Allah and humanity. The importance of friends and companions, they'll help you to surmount many difficulties and help you find the right track in life. (continued) -
Dec 31, 630
Continued - Conclusion
However you need to choose and recruit them carefully.
Be sure that you will find the protection and support from Allah if you follow him and obey his orders. So, if you are sure that you are in the right track don’t be afraid from anything or anyone. It is important to involve the young generation in the serious matters. That will make them mature and will help to prepare them to take the responsibility when they have to. -
Al-Hudaibiyah Treaty
The Prophet had a dream he was performing Umrah in Mekkah and him and his companians went to perform it. The Quraishites, on their part, held a meeting during which they considered the whole situation and decided to resist the Prophet’s mission at all costs. After some further interchange of messages they agreed to conclude a treaty of reconciliation and peace with the Muslims called the Treaty of Al-Hudaibiyah. Reference -
Battle of Mu'tah
ReferenceHearing that the Byzantine emperor was gathering a force in Syria for the destruction of Islam, the Prophet sent 3000 men to Syria under the command of his freedman Zayd. The campaign was unsuccessful except that it impressed the Syrians with a notion of the reckless valor of the Muslims. These men didn't hesitate to join battle with 100,000. When all three leaders appointed by the Prophet had been killed, the survivors obeyed Khalid ibn al-Walid. -
Conquest of Mecca
The Prophet summoned all the Muslims capable of bearing arms and marched to Makkah. Quraysh were overawed. Their cavalry put up a show of defence before the town, but were routed without bloodshed; and the Prophet entered his native city as conqueror. The inhabitants expected vengeance for their past misdeeds. The Prophet proclaimed a general amnesty. Only a few known criminals were proscribed, and most of those were in the end forgiven. In their relief and surprise, the whole (continued) -
Continued - Conquest of Mecca
Population of Makkah hastened to swear allegiance. The Prophet caused all the idols which were in the sanctuary to be destroyed, saying: “Truth hath come; darkness hath vanished away;” and the Muslim call to prayer was heard in Makkah. Reference -
The Prophet's Plan to Spread the Message
Late in the six year A.H., on his return from Hudaibiyah, the Prophet decided to send messages to the kings beyond Arabia calling them to Islam. In order to authenticate the credentials of his envoys, a silver seal was made in which were graven the words: "Muhammad the Messenger of Allah". Some kings accepted, while others did not. Reference
