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Old Wave Immigrants
(1840s-1870s)
North Western Europeans: Germans, Great Britain, Ireland, and the French -
Period: to
Melting Pot
The Americanization of Immigrants.
Melting Pot: diverse people, blending together, losing their national identity, to become Americans.
It does not have a start or end date but one can argue the old wave faced the melting pot description. -
Tenements
cramped, poorly lit, no ventilation, hotbeds of vermin and disease narrow low-rise apartment overcrowded by slum lords. Mindset of don't complain to the slum lord or you will lose your room or worse be sent back to native country. -
Castle Gardens
The original immigration center in New York. An old opera house replaced in 1891 by Ellis Island. -
The Second Industrial Revolution (1870-1914)
It shifted the geographical focus of technological leadership away from Britain to a more dispersed locus, though leadership remained firmly the monopoly of the industrialized Western world. Finally, by changing the relation between knowledge of nature and how it affected technological practices, it irreversibly changed the way technological change itself occurs.
(https://faculty.wcas.northwestern.edu/jmokyr/castronovo.pdf) -
New Wave Immigrants
(1880s-1920)
Eastern & Southern Europe: Italy, Greek, Russian
Asia: Chinese and Japanese -
Period: to
Racism Towards Immigrants
There is no start or end date for racism towards immigrants. However, the second wave was targeted more compared to the old wave of immigrants.
Help Wanted Signs that excluded specific immigrants from applying were posted. Stereotyped. Biases. -
Ellis Island
The East Coast processing center for immigrants from 1892 until 1954, in New York Harbor. The primary entry point for immigrants during this era. -
Perspectives: Immigrants vs Nativists
Perspective of the Immigrant:
Castle Garden or Ellis Island is the final step in a long journey immigrants took in order to come to America. Millions of immigrants were coming to America for jobs, political and religious freedom, and a better life. Would be willing to take any job for really low wages. Perspective of the Nativists:American-born workers did not like Immigrants who took jobs at lower wages. Wanted to limit immigration into the United States. -
Political Cartoon- Looking Backward
Political Cartoon- Looking Backward Intended
Audience- Public. Learn about anti-immigrant perspectives.
Factual Information- Old Wave vs New Wave Immigrants.
Omission of Critical Info- In the cartoon, Old Wave isn't letting the New Wave enter the city. The cartoon showing Old Wave as wealthy men who made it in America aren't letting someone else have the chance they had when they emigrated to America.
https://clements.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/quarto48-immigration.pdf -
Political Cartoon- A picture for employers. Why they can live on 40 cents a day, and they can't.
Intended Audience- Public.
Factual Information- During the California Gold Rush (1850s) there was a wave of Chinese Laborers arriving on the West Coast. Omission of Critical Information- 1870s Nativists were upset they were taking accepting low wages and 'taking' their jobs meaning they couldn’t provide for their family.
https://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/cph.3b49142/ -
Theodore Roosevelt's Administration (1901-1909)
Roosevelt took over presidency after President McKinley was assassinated. In 1901, he became president, his leadership and publicity campaigns helped create the modern presidency. -
Period: to
The Square Deal
Roosevelt's Square Deal was domestic policies based on three ideas:protections of the consumer, control of large corporations, conservation of natural resources. -
The Jungle
Upton Sinclair, muckraker novelist, published 'The Jungle' Exposed conditions that Immigrants lived and worked in Revealed the truth of various Chicago meatpacking plants The truth was disgusting and horrific for readers President Roosevelt pushed Congress to pass Pure Food and Drug Act and Meat Inspection Act. -
Pure Food and Drug Act
Congress moved on legislation that would prevent “the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated or misbranded or poisonous or deleterious foods, drugs or medicines, and liquors.” (https://history.house.gov/Historical-Highlights/1901-1950/Pure-Food-and-Drug-Act/) -
Meat Inspection Act
The Federal Meat Inspection Act of 1906 (FMIA) was enacted to prevent adulterated or misbranded meat and meat products from being sold as food and to ensure that meat and meat products are slaughtered and processed under sanitary conditions. The Act requires covered meat products to be labeled and packaged in accordance with the chapter to effectively regulate commerce and protect the health and welfare of consumers. (https://www.animallaw.info/statute/us-meat-chapter-12-meat-inspection) -
Angel Island
The West Coast port of entry for Asians entering the United States in San Francisco Harbor