Kh

The Ozone Layer History

By ryen

  • Wonder Gasses

    Wonder Gasses
    “Wonder gas” CFCs were invented in 1928
    for commercial applications.

  • Scientists Discover CFC's Split Up In Ozone

    Scientists Discover CFC's Split Up In Ozone
    "Rowland, a professor of chemistry at the University of California, Irvine, and Molina, a postdoctoral fellow in Rowland’s laboratory, had shown that chlorofluorocarbons—CFCs—could destroy ozone, a molecule made up of three oxygen atoms, O3, in Earth’s stratosphere. That stratospheric ozone absorbs ultraviolet radiation that otherwise would reach the surface of Earth. At the time, CFCs were in wide use in refrigeration, air conditioning and aerosol spray cans."

  • UNEP Committee

    UNEP Committee
    “In 1977, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
    sets up a co-ordinating committee to study the ozone layer.”

  • Banning Of CFC's

    Banning Of CFC's
    “In 1978, the United States of America, Canada,
    Sweden and Norway ban the use of CFCs in aerosols.”

  • UNEP Starts Inter-Governmental Negotiations

    UNEP Starts Inter-Governmental Negotiations
    “In 1981, UNEP starts inter-governmental negotiations to protect the ozone layer.”

  • The Consumption Of CFCs Increase

    The Consumption Of CFCs Increase
    “After 1982, in the absence of other moves,
    the consumption of CFCs increases again. Industry demands proof of ozone depletion due to CFCs.”

  • Governments Exchange Information To Protect The Ozone Layer

    Governments Exchange Information To Protect The Ozone Layer
    “Governments agree to study, exchange information and
    protect the ozone layer - through the Vienna Convention for the
    Protection of the Ozone Layer (1985). Scientists continue to find
    proof of ozone depletion.”

  • The Montreal Protocol On Substances That Deplete The Ozone Layer

    The Montreal Protocol On Substances That Deplete The Ozone Layer
    “In 1987, 46 governments agree to a fifty per cent cut in the
    production and consumption of CFCs by the year 2000; a freeze
    in production and consumption of halons by 1992; further
    controls linked to assessments by experts.”

  • UNEP Reports On Ozone Trends Linked To Ozone Depletion

    UNEP Reports On Ozone Trends Linked To Ozone Depletion
    “In 1988, the UNEP - WMO report on ozone trends links CFCs to ozone depletion.”

  • UNEP Reports For Tougher Controls

    UNEP Reports For Tougher Controls
    “In 1989, the UNEP Assessment Panel of experts reports THE NEED for tougher controls.”

  • London Amendment

    London Amendment
    “Parties agree to completely phase out CFCs by the year 2000, and to establish a Multilateral Fund to assist developing countries. US$ 240 million was allocated for 1991 - 1993.”

  • UNEP Recommends More Substances Are Controlled

    UNEP Recommends More Substances Are Controlled
    “UNEP Assessment Panels recommend that more substances
    (HCFCs, methyl bromide) are controlled and that the phase out of CFCs is advanced.”

  • The Meeting Of The Parties

    The Meeting Of The Parties
    “In 1993, the Meeting of the Parties, held in Bangkok, agrees to a
    replenishment of the Multilateral Fund - US$455 million for 1994 - 1996.”

  • Countries Report An Inability To Phase Out CFCs

    Countries Report An Inability To Phase Out CFCs
    “Some countries, the Russian Federation and others, report an
    inability to phase out CFCs by 1996 due to their internal problems.
    The Global Environment Facility (GEF) offers to help them.
    Developing countries agree to phase out methyl bromide by 2010.”

  • Halons Are Phased Out By Industrialized Countries

    Halons Are Phased Out By Industrialized Countries
    “Halons are phased out by industrialized countries. UNEP Assessment Panels recommend tougher controls on methyl bromide.”

  • It Was Decided That Some Countries Must Phase Out HCFCs

    It Was Decided That Some Countries Must Phase Out HCFCs
    “In 1992, it was decided that the developed countries phase out
    HCFCs by 2030, freeze methyl bromide by 1995 and that the
    phase out of CFCs be brought forward to 1996.”

  • Montreal Amendment

    Montreal Amendment
    “Industrialized countries agree to phase out methyl bromide by
    2005. Developing countries will phase out the same by 2015.”

  • Montreal Amendment

    Montreal Amendment
    GEF assists countries with economies in transition to phase out CFCs. Licensing for the import and export of CFCs was introduced.

  • The Ozone Meetings In Beijing

    The Ozone Meetings In Beijing
    The Ozone meetings in Beijing in December 1999 approved a
    replenishment of the Multilateral Fund of US$ 440 million for the years 2000-2002 for continuing the phase-out of CFCs, in addition to the carry-over of US$ 35.7 million from the previous period.

  • The 11th Meeting Of The Parties

    The 11th Meeting Of The Parties
    The 11th Meeting of the Parties in Beijing banned
    bromochloromethane, (a new ozone-depleting chemical)
    and put controls on production of HCFCs and trade in HCFCs with non-Parties.

  • The Beijing Declaration

    The Beijing Declaration
    The Beijing Declaration (December 1999) reiterated the
    commitment of all Governments to continue full implementation
    of the Montreal Protocol and ensure the protection of the ozone layer.