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776 BCE
Greece,The Olympic games,Ολυμπιακοί αγώνες,Olympiakoi Agones
They were held in the region of Olympia.
They were a series of athletic competitions among representatives of city-states and one of the Panhellenic Games of Ancient Greece.
They were held in honor of God Zeus.
The first Olympics is traditionally dated to 776 BC.
During the celebration of the games, an Olympic Truce was enacted so that athletes could travel from their countries to the games in safety. -
450 BCE
Greece, The birth of Democracy in the city of Athens
The political, social and economic rise of Athens during the Classical period reflected the development of an important civilization, the main expression of which was the birth and consolidation of the constitution and democracy.
In order to deal with aspiring tyrans, the systems of “ostracism” and the law against unconstitutional proposals were instituted.
Councillors swore an oath to denounce anyone who was implicated in any attempt to promote tyranny. -
300 BCE
Greece, Alexander the Great expands Greece and the greek language and civilisation .
Alexander the Great, (356 BC - 323BC), king of Macedonia (336–323 BC).
After succeeding his father Philip II to the Macedonian throne succeeded in only a few years in conquering the cities of central Greece.
Gradually, he abolished the Persian state, occupying each country until the African deserts in the south and the Jaxartes and Indus rivers in the east.
The greek became the official written and spoken language in the areas of eastern Mediterranean, circa 300 Β.C. - 300 A.D. -
330
Greece, part of the Byzantine Empire (The Eastern Roman Empire)
Greece , as part of the Byzantine Empire (circa 330 A.D. -1453 A.D.) offered to it an important and predominant feature, the greek language and the greek culture. -
Dec 24, 681
Bulgaria, Foundation of the First Bulgarian Empire
In 680 Bulgar tribes under the leadership of Asparukh moved south across the Danube and settled in the area between the lower Danube and the Balkan, establishing their capital at Pliska. A peace treaty with Byzantium in 681 marked the beginning of the First Bulgarian Empire. The Bulgars gradually mixed up with the local population, adopting a common language on the basis of the local Slavic dialect. -
Dec 24, 864
Bulgaria, Christianization
Paganism was abolished in favour of Eastern Orthodox Christianity under Boris I in 864.In this issue Byzantine Church was in conflict with the Pope. The chistanization was influenced by the Tsar's shifting political alliances with the kingdom of the East Franks and the Byzantine Empire, as well as his reception by the Pope. This conversion was followed by a Byzantine recognition of the Bulgarian church and the adoption of the Cyrillic alphabet developed at Preslav. -
Dec 24, 900
Bulgaria, Rule of Simeon the Great, Cultural golden age(893-927)
Simeon I achieved spectacular military and political successes, expanding Bulgarian territory and forcing the Byzantine Empire to recognise the imperial title of the Bulgarian monarchs. The capital Preslav was built in Byzantine fashion to rival Constantinople.His reign was also a period of unmatched cultural prosperity and enlightenment later deemed the Golden Age of Bulgarian culture. -
Dec 24, 966
Poland, The Christening
It was in 966, but we still don't know the exact month. It was one of the most important events in Poland. In April 2016 we had 1050th anniversary. Mieszko I accepted the Christening
from hands of the German bishop. Historicans are not sure
where it was. There was probably in Gniezno, Poznań or Ostrów Lednicki. -
Aug 26, 1071
Turkey, Manzkert (Malazgirt) Battle
The Battle of Manzikert (modern Malazgirt) was fought between the Byzantine Empire and the Seljuq Turks on August 26, 1071 near Manzikert (modern Malazgirt in Muş Province, Turkey).
The decisive defeat of the Byzantine army and the capture of the Emperor Romanos IV Diogenes played an important role in undermining Byzantine authority in Anatolia and Armenia, and allowed for the gradual Turkification of Anatolia.
Manzkert War let the Anatolia’s doors open for Turkish People. -
Dec 24, 1396
Bulgaria,Enslavement of the Bulgarian state by the Ottoman Empire
The history of Ottoman Bulgaria spans nearly 500 years, from the conquest by the Ottoman Empire of the smaller kingdoms emerging from the disintegrating Second Bulgarian Empire in the late 14th century, to the Liberation of Bulgaria in 1878. -
Jul 15, 1410
Poland, Battle of Grunwald
It was a war between Polish-Lithuanian army and the Teutonic Knights.
The battle ended with the victory of the Polish-Lithuanian army.
The result of the battle - the Jagiellonian dynasty was the most important in Europe. -
May 29, 1453
Turkey, The Conquest of Istanbul
The capital of the Byzantine Empire ( Eastern Roman Empire), Constantinople (Istanbul) was conquered by the Ottoman Army, under the command Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II on 29th May 1453. With this conquest Ottomans became an Empire and one of the most powerful empires. The Byzantine Empire fell and lasted.Istanbul became the capital of the Ottoman Empire. -
Poland,Constitution of May 1791
The Constitution of May 3, 1791 was adopted by the Great Sejm (parliament) of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.The Constitution was the first in Europe and the second in the world .It ended Liberum Veto and it introduced the separation of powers (legislative, executive and judicial). It also changed the state system from noble democracy to a constitutional monarchy . -
Greece, The foundation of the modern Greek state
After the Greek War of Independance against Ottoman Empire from 1821, Greece was recognized as independent state (1830).
Ioannis Kapodistrias was the first head of state (Governor) of independent Greece. After Kapodistrias' assassination, the London Conference (1832) established the Kingdom of Greece.
The greek state initially small, regained gradually its national territories until 1947. -
Bulgaria,Liberation of Bulgaria, Russo-Turkish War
In Bulgarian historiography, the Liberation of Bulgaria refers to those events of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78 that led to the re-establishment of the Bulgarian state under the Treaty of San Stefano of March 3, 1878. According to the treaty, the Ottoman Empire give back to Bulgaria most of it territory conquered in 14th century. -
Greece, First international Olympic Games held in the modern era.
The first international Olympic Games held in the modern era, took place in Athens in 1896. -
Turkey, Çanakkale War / Gallipoli Campaign1915 - 1916
The Gallipoli Campaign of 1915-16, also known as the Battle of Gallipoli or the Dardanelles Campaign, was an unsuccessful attempt by the Allied Powers to control the sea route from Europe to Russia during World War I.
The campaign began with a failed naval attack by British and French ships on the Dardanelles Straits in February-March 1915 and continued with a major land invasion of the Gallipoli Peninsula on April 25. By mid-October the Allied forces had suffered heavy casualties. -
Lithuania, Restoration of the Lithuanian State.
Lithuania became an independent country. The Act of Independence was signed by 20 signatories and by the leader Jonas Basanavicius. -
Turkey, The National War of Independence1919-1923
The Turkish War of Independence May 19, 1919 – July 24, 1923) was fought between the Turkish nationalists and the proxies of the Allies – namely Greece on the Western front, Armenia on the Eastern, France on the Southern and with them, the United Kingdom and Italy in Constantinople (now Istanbul) – after Turkey was occupied and partitioned following the Ottoman Empire's defeat in World War I.
In head of the Mouvement was Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and his colleagues. -
Poland, Battle of Warsaw
This battle was fougfht during the Polish-Bolshevik war. Polish victory in this battle decided about the independence of Poland
and stopped the plans of spreading Bolshevik revolution in Western Europe. -
Turkey, Declaration of Republic -Modern Turkey.
The history of modern Turkey begins with the foundation of the republic on October 29, 1923, with Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) as its first president. The government was formed from the Ankara-based revolutionary group, led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and his colleagues. The second constitution was ratified by the Grand National Assembly on April 20, 1924.
Modern Reforms:proclamation of the Republic of Turkey, change of headgear and dress, Adoption of the new Turkish alphabet. -
Greece, 2nd World War (1940-1944)
Greece was attacked by the Italians in 1940 and then by the Germans 1941. Despite the fact of the resistance of the Greek army, Greece was occupied until 1944.
During the German Occupation(Κατοχή=Katochi) many acts of resistance took place. -
Greece, Dictatorship (1967-1974)
On April 21, 1967 conspirators officers of the Army overthrew the democratic regime imposing dictatorship.
Peak power of the resistance of the greek people were the student uprisings of the Law School in Athens in February 1973, and the Technical University in November of the same year. The Polytechnic uprising was suppressed by military forces on the night of November 17, 1973: many people were killed, while others were arrested and subjected to torture. -
Poland, Union „Solidarity” and Martial Law
Solidarity was founded on 17 September 1980 at the Lenin Shipyard under the leadership of Lech Wałęsa. The government wanted to destroy the union by imposing martial law in Poland.
Martial law in Poland - from December 13, 1981 to July 22, 1983,
when the authoritarian communist government of the People’s Republic of Poland drastically restricted normal life by introducing martial law to crush political opposition. -
Greece: Member of the European Union
1/1/1981, Greece becomes member of the European Union. -
Lithuania, Baltic Way -Human Chain
At 19:00 h., on 23 August, 1989,about two million people of Estonia, Latvia , Lithuania joined hands in a human chain from Tallinn through Riga to Vilnius. „Baltic Way“ distance: 675,5 km.On 23 August 1989,- the 50th anniversary of the Molotov- Ribentrop Pact , according to it the Balitc states were occupied by the Soviet Union , the three Baltic States, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania demanded of the independence for the Baltic states and expressed their will in the „Baltic Way“. -
Lithuania, Independance, Restoration
On March 11, 1990, after 50 years under soviet regime, Independent State of Lithuania was restored. -
Poland,Presidency of Lech Wałęsa
The round table talks between the government and the Solidarity opposition led to semi-free elections in 1989.
In December 1990, Wałęsa was elected the President of Poland -
Lithuania, January events
Jan 13th, Soviet Army attacted Vilnius in order to capture the TV Tower, the Parliament, the radio and television buildings. Thousands of people came to defend the Parliament. Thousands of people came to defend buildings in Vilnius and Kaunas.
Mourning Day: 600-people injured.14-killed.TV and radio
stations went off air after the assault.Every year, in memory of victims of Soviet totalitarian regime, Lithuanians light candles in windows, on 13 Jan.
