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Period: 1401 to
Renaissance
It is the name given to a broad cultural movement that was established in Western Europe during the 15th-16th centuries. It was a transitional period from the Middle Ages to the beginning of the modern age. A great change took place in the natural and human sciences. In Florence, Italy, this movement began. Humans became the most important living beings in the universe. The growth of cities began in the late Middle Ages, but when the Renaissance appeared, it increased much more. -
Aug 7, 1420
Florence Cathedral's dome, by Brunelleschi
In 1418, the Opera del Duomo announced a competition for the construction of the dome with a prize of 200 gold florins, and a chance at eternal fame, for the winner. Leading architects came to Florence to present their ideas. After a long time, the Opera del Duomo appointed Filippo Brunelleschi as leader of the dome project and appointed Lorenzo Ghiberti, Brunelleschi's partner, as co-superintendent.
The construction of the cathedral took 72 years -
Aug 26, 1498
Pietá, by Michelangelo Buonarroti
Pietá, Spanish for "piety," was built in 1498 depicting the Virgin Mary holding Jesus Christ. The name of the work comes from a custom of the Roman Empire from the year 64, it refers to the act of prostrating oneself. The work was commissioned by the Cardinal of Saint Denis, Jean Bilhères de Lagraulas, a Benedictine, ambassador of the French monarch to the Holy See. The Pietà was taken between the years 1749 and 50, where it was taken to the place where it stands now. In St. Peter's Basilica -
1509
The School of Athens, by Raphael Sanzio
It is one of Raphael Sanzio's most outstanding paintings. It was painted between 1510 and 1512 as decoration in the rooms now known as Raphael's Rooms, which is located in the Apostolic Palace in Vatican City. It measures 7.75m at the base and 5m in height. It represents rational truth. In the painting you can see 24 people. The most important people in the picture are the two in the middle, which are Plato and Aristotle. -
Period: Jan 15, 1516 to Sep 13, 1556
The reign of Felipe II
His nickname was "the Prudent One," nicknamed for his ability to rule. He ceased to be king the day he died. He was King of Spain, Portugal, Naples, Sicily, Sardinia, Duke of Milan, Sovereign of the Netherlands and Duke of Burgundy, King of England and Ireland iure uxoris. He had 4 wives: Maria Manuela of Portugal, Mary I of England, Isabella of Valois and Anne of Austria. Philip had 8 sons of 3 of wives, Pedro Antonio Vidal, Philip III, was his successor. Philip exiled the Moors in Andalusia. -
Period: Mar 14, 1516 to Jan 16, 1556
The reign of Carlos I
Charles of Hamburg was born during a ball at the "Prince's Palace" in Ghent, Flanders, when Doña Juana, the mother, began to feel severe pain, so she was born in a toilet. When he was born he wanted to name him Juan after his deceased brother, but in the end he was called Carlos, at the request of his father and great-grandfather. Carlos died of lung disease. Charles did the reform of the administration, the wars of the reconquest and the reform of the royal treasury, among other things. -
Period: 1520 to Apr 23, 1521
The revolt of the Comuneros in Castilla.
It was an armed uprising of the Castilian cities of the interior against the reign of Charles I. It began with the motivation of discontent with the abuses and excesses of the king, who had withdrawn from his kingdoms to proclaim himself emperor, and ended with the defeat and execution of the leaders of the comuneros, and winning the battle of Villalar. -
Sep 25, 1555
Peace of Augsburg
It was a treaty signed by Ferdinand I of Habsburg, brother of Emperor Charles V, and the Imperial States in the free city of Augsburg in Germany, which resolved the Reformation.It is a deal that divides Charles V's empire into two Christian denominations, Lutheran and Catholic, and gives important Germans the ability to choose which confession to practice in their state. The reservatum ecclesiasticum was established which said that a prince who held a Catholic office would convert to Lutheranism -
Period: 1568 to 1571
The rebellion of the Alpujarras.
It was a conflict in Spain during the reign of Philip II. The Moorish population of the Kingdom of Granada was filled with protests against the Pragmatic Sanction. Due to the intensity of its fighting, it is also known as the War of the Alpujarras. Philip II was shocked by the massacres of priests carried out by the rebels. Deaths aside, some were also enslaved, or sold into slavery within Spain. In Cordova, there were about 1500 slaves. In the end it ended with the victory of the crown. -
Period: May 23, 1568 to
The Eighty Years war.
Rebellion against the monarch began in the time of Margaret of Parma, governor of the Netherlands, and ended with the recognition of the independence of the seven United Provinces,. The war ended by the Treaty of Munster, it was a historic treaty for the United Provinces; with him, the independence of the United Provinces was finally recognized by the Spanish crown. And Independence of the northern provinces of the Netherlands and Spain retains the southern Netherlands. More than 100000people 💀 -
Jan 5, 1579
The signment of the Union of Arras
It was an agreement that was made in the city of Arras, by which some provinces in the south of the Netherlands recognized the sovereignty of Philip II in the framework of the Eighty Years' War.
The following points were agreed:
· Expulsion of foreign troops.
·Organization of the Council of State.
·Two-thirds of the members of the Council of State had to be accepted by all members.
·All the privileges in place before the rebellion had to be reinstated
·Catholicism was the only religion.
3 more. -
Jan 23, 1579
The signment of the Union of Utretcht
It was an agreement signed in the Dutch city of Utrecht between the rebellious provinces of the Netherlands, at that time facing the Spanish Monarchy during the Eighty Years' War. The northern provinces led by William of Orange reacted by signing the Union of Utrecht. They were dealt with. Holland, Zeeland, Groningen, Friesland, Drenthe, Overijssel, in the bishopric of Utrecht, duchy of Gelderland and Brabant and the county of Flanders. -
The defeat of the Spanish Armada By England
The Spanish Invincible Armada was defeated by England in the English Channel. English artillery defeated the Spanish fleet after a sloop attack scattered the Armada at Calais, preventing it from escorting the Spanish army across the English Channel. The defeat of the Invincible Armada was one of the greatest failures in the history of Spain. Spain's losses were around 20,000 men, 40 million ducats and about 100 ships. Only about 66 ships returned home. Sir Francis Drake led the English fleet. -
Period: to
Baroque art
It is the artistic style that developed in the 17th-18th centuries. It became popular for its facial complexity and dynamism, as well as enormous ornamentation and effect. This art was created by Gian Lorenzo Bernini.
Characteristics:
-Baroque literature was born as a counterposition to Renaissance literature.
- Sarcasm and irony are used to deal with feelings of disappointment.
-Literary devices are used a lot, which is why it is difficult to interpret their content. (There's no room for more) -
Apollo and Daphne, By bernini
It is a sculpture made by the Italian Gian Lorenzo Bernini between 1622 and 1625. It belongs to the Baroque style. It is a life-size marble sculptural group exhibited at the Borghese Gallery in Rome.The myth says that Apollo and Daphne mocked Eros, Eros became angry, so he shot him with a golden arrow, which caused love to whoever hurt him. And he also shot Daphne, but Daphne ran away, instead of falling in love. Daphne's parents turned her into Laurel. -
Saint Peter´s square project by Bernini.
it is in front of St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City. Its main access is through the Rione di Borgo, to the east of the square. It belongs to Baroque architecture. The square is dedicated to the saint of the same name. It is made up of two parts: one part trapezoid-shaped, and the other oval-shaped. -
The Spinners, by Velázquez
Its other name is The Fable of Arecne, it was painted in Spain, which is currently preserved in the Museo Nacional del Prado. This work is a great example of Spanish Baroque painting, painted in the Oil on canvas style. The painting is a warning to King Philip IV of the vices that a good ruler should avoid in his mandate. -
Oath of the Horatii, by Jacques-Louis David
This work was created before the French Revolution. His style is Neoclassicism and he painted in oil and canvas with the technique of oil on canvas. The painting is preserved in the Louvre Museum. The Roman salute is represented. It is inspired by the history of Rome when, according to Livy, the three Horace brothers swear an oath before their father to defend Rome.These three brothers were destined for war against the Curiatii. -
Carlos IV of Spain anf his family, by Francisco de Goya
It is a portrait of the family of Philip IV that is kept in the Museo Nacional del Prado. Goya began by making sketches, of which 5 are preserved, but the final version was painted between July 1800 and June 1801. For a time it belonged to the collections of the Royal Palace of Madrid, and by order of King Ferdinand VII it was changed to the Prado Museum. The style of this group portrait is Neoclassicism and he paints on a canvas with the technique of Oil on canvas. -
Sources
I forgot, but in all of them, at least, I used Wikipedia.