-
Period: 800 to 1400
The Feudalism
Feudalism, also known as the feudal system, was the combination of the legal, economic, military, and cultural customs that flourished in medieval Europe -
1096
The First Crusade
The objective was the recovery of the Holy Land from Islamic rule. While Jerusalem had been under Muslim rule for hundreds of years, by the 11th century the Seljuk takeover of the region threatened local Christian populations, pilgrimages from the West, and the Byzantine Empire itself.
The result of the first crusade was a victory for the Christians -
Period: 1096 to 1396
Crusades
The Crusades were a series of conflicts that pit Christian Europeans against practitioners of Islam in an effort to control the Holy Lands and the city of Jerusalem. -
1145
The second Crusade
The Second Crusade was started in response to the fall of the County of Edessa in 1144 to the forces of Zengi. The county had been founded during the First Crusade by King Baldwin I of Jerusalem in 1098. While it was the first Crusader state to be founded, it was also the first to fall.
The winners were the Muslims. -
1189
The Third Crusade
The Third Crusade was an attempt by three European monarchs of Western Christianity (Philip II of France, Richard I of England and Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor) to reconquer the Holy Land following the capture of Jerusalem by the Ayyubid sultan Saladin in 1187. For this reason, the Third Crusade is also known as the Kings' Crusade.
In this one the Muslims won. -
1202
The Fourth Crusade
The Fourth Crusade was a Latin Christian armed expedition called by Pope Innocent III. The stated intent of the expedition was to recapture the Muslim-controlled city of Jerusalem, by first defeating the powerful Egyptian Ayyubid Sultanate, the strongest Muslim state of the time.
The victory went to the Christians. -
1212
The Children's Crusade
The Children's Crusade was a failed popular crusade by European Christians to establish a second Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem in the Holy Land, said to have taken place in 1212. The crusaders left areas of Germany, led by Nicholas of Cologne, and Northern France, led by Stephen of Cloyes. -
1217
The Fifth Crusade
The Fifth Crusade was a campaign in a series of Crusades by Western Europeans to reacquire Jerusalem and the rest of the Holy Land by first conquering Egypt, ruled by the powerful Ayyubid sultanate, led by al-Adil, brother of Saladin.
The victory was Muslim. -
1228
The Sixth Crusade
The Sixth Crusade (1228–1229), also known as the Crusade of Frederick II, was a military expedition to recapture Jerusalem and the rest of the Holy Land.
It was a victory for Christians. -
1248
The Seventh Crusade
The Seventh Crusade (1248–1254) was the first of the two Crusades led by Louis IX of France. Also known as the Crusade of Louis IX to the Holy Land, it aimed to reclaim the Holy Land by attacking Egypt, the main seat of Muslim power in the Near East. The Crusade initially met with success but ended in defeat, with most of the army – including the king – captured by the Muslims.
The Muslims won. -
1271
The Last Crusade
Edward I of England took on another expedition in 1271. This battle, which is often grouped with the Eighth Crusade but is sometimes referred to as the Ninth Crusade, accomplished very little and was considered the last significant crusade to the Holy Land. -
1346
The Beginning of the Black Death
The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic occurring in Western Eurasia and North Africa.
Caused the death of about 50 million people in Europe.
The pandemic originated either in Central Asia or East Asia but its first definitive appearance was in Crimea in 1347. -
1352
The End of the Black Death
The disease finally died out in 1352, but it would reappear, in less serious outbreaks, during the rest of the medieval period.