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1096
1st Crusade
The First Crusade initiated the complex historical phenomenon of military campaigns, armed pilgrimages and colonial expansion in the Middle East that convulsed this region between the 11th and 13th centuries and is called by historiography as the Crusades. Taking advantage of the call for help of the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos, confronted with the Seljuk Turks, Pope Urban II preached in 1095 to the different Roman Christian states of Western Europe the conquest of the so-called. -
1147
2nd Crusade
The Second Crusade (1147-1149) was the second great military campaign of a series of campaigns collectively called the Crusades and which, during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, departed from Western Europe (mainly France) to the Middle East, in order to conquer the Holy Land and in particular the city of Jerusalem, which were in Muslim hands since the seventh century. The Second Crusade was called in 1145 in response to the fall of Edesa County a year earlier. -
1189
3rd Crusade
The Third Crusade (1189-1192), also known as the Crusade of the Kings, was an attempt by European leaders to reconquer the Holy Land from the hands of Salah ad-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub. It was a partial success, but it did not reach its goal - the last conquest of Jerusalem. After the failure of the Second Crusade, the Zengid dynasty controlled a Syria united and committed to a conflict with the Fatimid rulers of Egypt, which finally led to the unification of the Egyptian forces. -
1202
4th Crusade
The Fourth Crusade (1202–1204) was a military expedition organized as a crusade to reconquer the Holy Land, but that changed its course, ending with the conquest and looting of Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire, which was then called "Imperio Romaniae". -
1213
5th Crusade
The V Crusade was proclaimed by Innocent III in 1213 and left in 1218 under the auspices of Honorius III, joining the Crusader King Andrew II of Hungary, who brought the largest army in the entire history of the Crusades to the east. Like the Fourth Crusade, it aimed to conquer Egypt. After the initial success of the conquest of Damieta at the mouth of the Nile, which ensured the survival of the Frankish States, the Crusaders had ambition and tried to attack Cairo. -
1228
6th Crusade
The organization of the Sixth Crusade was somewhat bold. The pope had ordered Emperor Frederick II Hohenstaufen to go to the crusades as penance. The emperor had nod, but had been delaying the departure, which earned him excommunication. Finally, Frederick II (who had his own claims to the throne of Jerusalem) left in 1228 without the papal permission. Surprisingly, the emperor managed to recover Jerusalem through a diplomatic agreement. He proclaimed himself king of Jerusalem. -
1244
7th Crusade
In 1244 Jerusalem fell again (this time definitively), which prompted the devout King Louis IX of France (Saint Louis) to organize a new crusade, the Seventh. As in the V, he went against Damieta, but was defeated and taken prisoner in Mansura (Egypt) with all his army. -
1269
8th Crusade
Returning to France, the same king undertook the so-called VIII Crusade (1269) against Tunisia, although in reality he was a pawn in the interests of his brother Charles of Anjou king of Naples, who wanted to avoid the competition of Tunisian merchants. The plague killed King Louis and a large part of his army in Tunisia (1270).