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A definition of a microscope
"If we consider a microscope to be an instrument by which we can observe objects or parts of objects which are too minute to be visible to the naked eye, and which can be used to investigate minute structures of plants or animals, and thus bring to our knowledge facts not otherwise ascertainable, then the microscope is a comparatively modern invention and dates back only to about the end of the sixteenth century." ( Clay, and Court. "A Definition of a Microscope." N.p., 1975. Web. ) -
The Microscope has been created
It is said through William Boreel that Hans and Zarcharis Jansen are the inventors of the Microscope. This could only be used for opaque objects and it's power was only 20x. Although it is said that Antoni van Leeuwenhoek created the Microscope by improving lens grinding techniques. -
Galileo!
Galileo created his own telescope which included convex and concave lenses. This later enhanced and innovated the idea of Microscopes and helped as an 'early theory'. -
Bioimaging takes off
Robert Hooke publishes the "Micrographia," that has illustrations made with the aid of the Microscope. (Power: 30x) -
Discovering the unknown
Antony van Leeuwenhoek discovers bacteria, free-living, and parastic microscopic protosis, sperm cells, blood cells and more. (Power: 300x) -
I see little animals!
Antoni van Leeuwenhook reported that he had observed little animals, protozoa, through a microscope. -
Achromatic lenses
Achromatic lenses were introduced and provided a resolution of 1 micron ( 1/1000mm) -
Hello cells!
Cells were finally recognized as part of life. -
Spontaneous generation
Louis Pasteur set out to disprove a spontaneous generation of non-living matter with a now-classic experiment that both firmly established the cell theory beyond doubt and solidified the basic steps of the modern scientific method. (The picture represents and example of how flies appear and react to the presented meat ) -
Trial and error
Ernst Abbe publishes his work on the theory of the Microscope. He explains the differences between magnification and resolution, describes 'empty magnification.' -
Revolving mount
Ernst Leitz microscope is introduced with a revolving mount (turret) of 5 objects or more. -
Cedar Oil
Oil immerson lenses (cedar oil) resulted in a homogeneous optical path. -
So who discovered Mitosis?
Wahlter Flemming discovered Mitosis. -
Microscope lamp with filters
August Kohler figured out how to create a light source and condenser position to get the clearest image. -
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Engaging the study of bacteria
Louis Pasteur and Robert Kotch get involved in microscopy and study bacteria. -
Red, Yellow, and Blue
Ernst Abbe designed apocrhomatic objective that brings red, yellow, and blue into one focus. This required more than 10 or more elements in the making. -
UV Microscrope
The first commercial UV Microscope was produced by Zeiss. Based on Abbe's formular, his resolution was twice as stronger and clearer as a visible light microscope. -
Want to view unstained cells?
Fritz Zernike found it possible to view unstained cells through the phase angle of rays. -
The Electron Microscope
Max Knoll and Ernst Ruska created the first electron microscope. -
Accelerating power!
Ruska created the first electron microscope to have an accelerating voltage of 17kV. This exceeds the resolution of the light microscope. -
Electron Micrograph
The first electron micrograph of a biological sample. Long-leaved sundew fixed osmium.
(The picture represents a scanning electron micrograph of eyelashes growing from the surface of human skin. ) -
Starting to scan
First scanning electron microscope is built. -
Electron Microscope available
First commercially supplied electron microscope supplied by Siemens. -
Now on the market
Commercial microscopes were finally brought to the market. -
Discovering the power of the electron microscope
The ultimate power of the electron microscope was not realized until the 1950s until ultra-microtones were built. -
Ultra-Microtone
The first ultra-microtone created by Porter and Blum. -
Is that diamond?
The first diamond knife was used in microtones. These instruments could slice pieces of biological materials as thin as 500 angstroms.
(The picture represents a ribbon connected to the diamond tipped knife) -
Period: to
Lasers become commercially available
It's estimated between 1980 and 1989 that the first atomic force laser was commercially available. -
Scanning Probe
The first scanning probe microscope was invented and works by measuring current. -
A scanning laser
A scanning laser confocal microscopes becomes commercially available. -
Atomic Force
The Atomic Force Microscope is invented and measures force.
