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Period: 1199 to 1216
Reign of John
Magna Carta -
Period: 1216 to 1272
Reign of Henry III
Son of John, became king at 9 years old, he was under the control of noblemen but he tried to break free
The nobles rebelled under the leadership of Simon de Montfort.
In 1258 they established a programme of reform and tried to take power out of the King's hands
They elected a council of nobles which was called a Parliament and il took control of the treasury -
1258
The nobles rebelled
Under the leadership of Simon de Montfort, earl of Leicester they established a programme of reform and tried to take power out of the King's hand -
1265
Simon de Montfort is killed
By Edward I, way before becoming king -
Period: 1272 to 1307
Reign of Edward I
Edward I killed de Monfort in 1265
He became the King in 1272, he bought together the first real Parliament.
He created the House of Commons containing the gentry, rich freemen, and merchants
In 1275 he ordered every county to send 2 representatives, the origin of "no taxation without representation" -
1275
Origin of "no taxation without representation"
Edward I ordered every county to send 2 representatives -
1295
Treaty of Paris
The Scots signed the Treaty of Paris or "Auld Alliance" with France against England, after the attempts by Edward I and Edward II to control Scotland which led the Scots to look for allies.
This treaty was signed between John Balliol and Philip the Fair and they renewed it many times until 1560
This treaty is still fondly remembered by Scots nowadays -
Period: 1300 to 1400
14th Century: the decline
The 14th Century was marked by wars, diseases, and instability
It leads to the end of serfdom and a final decline of feudalism -
Period: 1307 to 1327
Edward II
Edward II was deposed in 1327 after his defeat at Bannockburn -
1324
King Charles IV captured the only remained English territory in France (Gascony)
He also tried to control Burgundy which was England's major trading partner -
Period: 1327 to 1377
Edward III
He started the Hundred Years war -
1337
Edward III declared war on France
This war ended in 1453: it is called the Hundred Years' wars -
1348
Epidemic of plague (Black Death)
This epidemic killed 1/3 of the population -
1362
Increase of the power of Parliament over the King
A law stated that Parliament must agree to all taxation of wool. The King was increasingly dependent on taxation and taxation was increasingly controlled by Parliament -
Period: 1377 to 1399
Richard II
Richard II died childless 2 possible heirs : Edward, Duke of York and henry of Lancaster -
Period: 1399 to 1413
Henry IV
Henry IV took the throne by force, it sowed the seeds of civil war -
Period: 1413 to 1422
Henry V
Henry V inherited the crown from his father
He defeated the French at Agincourt
He married the French king's daughter Katherine of Valois.
He nearly became the king of England and France. -
Period: 1422 to 1461
Henry VI
in 1461, Henry VI inherited the thrones of France and England
But he became incompetent and became mad
His succession was contested, it started the war of the Roses:
Lancastrians (red rose) and Yorkists (White rose)
the war lasted 25 years -
1430
England's dominions in France in 1430
Under Henry V England controlled 70% of France -
1485
End of the war of the roses + death of Richard III
Richard III was challenged and killed at Bosworth by Henry Tudor, Duke of Richmond.
He was crowned as Henry VII = beginning of a new dynasty: the Tudors
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